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Cubas Pereira D, Pupin B, de Simone Borma L. Influence of sample preparation methods on FTIR spectra for taxonomic identification of tropical trees in the Atlantic forest. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27232. [PMID: 38455590 PMCID: PMC10918226 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The Atlantic forest is one of the world's major tropical biomes due to its rich biodiversity. Its vast diversity of plant species poses challenges in floristic surveys. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) enables rapid and residue-free data collection, providing diverse applications in organic sample analysis. FTIR spectra quality depends on the sample preparation methodology. However, no research on FTIR spectroscopy methodology for taxonomy has been conducted with tropical tree species. Hence, this study addresses the sample preparation influence on FTIR spectra for the taxonomic classification of 12 tree species collected in the Serra do Mar State Park (PESM) - Cunha Nucleus - São Paulo State, Brazil. Spectra were obtained from intact fresh (FL), intact dried (DL), and heat-dried ground (GL) leaves. The spectra were evaluated through chemometrics using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with validation by LDA-PCA. The results demonstrate that sample preparation directly influences tropical species FTIR spectra categorization capability. The best taxonomic classification result for all techniques, validated by LDA-PCA, was obtained from GL. FTIR spectra evaluation through PCA, HCA, and LDA allow for the observation of phylogenetic relationships among the species. FTIR spectroscopy proves to be a viable technique for taxonomic evaluation of tree species in floristic exploration of tropical biomes which can complement traditional tools used for taxonomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Cubas Pereira
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Breno Pupin
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Laura de Simone Borma
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, 12227-010, Brazil
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Strmečki S, Dešpoja I, Penezić A, Milinković A, Alempijević SB, Kiss G, Hoffer A, Mitić B, Hruševar D, Frka S. How do certain atmospheric aerosols affect Cu-binding organic ligands in the oligotrophic coastal sea surface microlayer? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:119-135. [PMID: 38086685 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00415e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
It is still unclear how the chemical speciation of Cu in surface seawater is impacted by aerosols from various sources deposited on the sea surface, which is surprising, considering the environmental importance of Cu. Therefore, we used voltammetry to investigate Cu complexing capacity (CuCC) in the sea surface microlayer (SML) and in the underlying water (ULW) of the oligotrophic middle Adriatic Sea during February-July 2019. The focus was on the impacts of specific atmospheric processes such as open-fire biomass burning (BB), pollination season and Saharan dust intrusion. The presence of ligand class L2 (19.9-392.0, average 63.8, median 43.1) nM; log K2 (8.3-10.2, average 9.6, median 9.6) was observed in all samples, while ligand class L1 (40.5-76.1, average 53.6, median 48.9) nM; log K1 (10.3-11.1, average 10.6, median 10.5) was found in only 25% of SML samples. Throughout the period, the SML was enriched with organic ligands by a factor of up to 9.1 compared to the ULW, mainly due to the high sensitivity of the SML to specific atmospheric depositions. In addition, measurements with corresponding specific model aerosols were conducted to analyse their impacts on CuCC. Pollen directly affected CuCC in the SML by increasing the concentration of allochthonous ligands such as proteins. The deposition of BB aerosols rich in nutrients and trace metals stimulated the biological production of organic ligands, showing an indirect effect on CuCC delayed by up to two weeks. Finally, Saharan dust had a negligible impact on CuCC. This study illustrates the susceptibility of oligotrophic coastal area to the effects of pollen and open-fire BB aerosols in altering the Cu-binding organic ligands in the SML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Strmečki
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Iva Dešpoja
- University of Split, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Abra Penezić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Andrea Milinković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Saranda Bakija Alempijević
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Gyula Kiss
- Renewable Energy Research Group, University of Pannonia Nagykanizsa - University Center for Circular Economy, Nagykanizsa, 8800, Hungary
| | - András Hoffer
- ELKH-PE Air Chemistry Research Group, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Božena Mitić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Marulićev trg 9a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Hruševar
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Marulićev trg 9a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Frka
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Kerienė I, Šaulienė I, Šukienė L, Judžentienė A, Ligor M, Valiuškevičius G, Grendaitė D, Buszewski B. Enrichment of Water Bodies with Phenolic Compounds Released from Betula and Pinus Pollen in Surface Water. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:99. [PMID: 38202407 PMCID: PMC10780553 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Betula and Pinus pollen, which are dispersed in natural surface waters, release biologically active compounds into the water bodies. This study aims to evaluate variations in the distribution and composition of phenolic compounds in suspended particles in natural water bodies during pollen spreading. Samples taken from water bodies of different trophic levels were analyzed by microscopy, UV/VIS spectroscopy, HPTLC, and HPLC/DAD. The study revealed that the total phenolic content in water-suspended particles varied from 3.0 mg/g to 11.0 mg/g during Betula and Pinus pollen spreading. It was also observed that the surface water of dystrophic natural lakes had a higher content of phenolic compounds than the eutrophic, hypereutrophic, and mesotrophic water bodies. Chlorogenic, trans-ferulic, vanillin, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids were frequently detected in the surface water samples. Experimental measurements have shown variations in the release of phenolic compounds from Betula pollen into water (p < 0.05). After the exhibition of pollen, the distilled water predominantly contained bioactive chlorogenic acid. Further in situ investigations are necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the function of phenolic compounds in aquatic ecosystems. The exploration of the release of bioactive compounds from pollen could provide valuable insights into the potential nutritional value of pollen as a nutrient source for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kerienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania; (I.Š.); (L.Š.)
| | - Ingrida Šaulienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania; (I.Š.); (L.Š.)
| | - Laura Šukienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania; (I.Š.); (L.Š.)
| | - Asta Judžentienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Gintaras Valiuškevičius
- Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Dalia Grendaitė
- Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.L.); (B.B.)
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Jeon SJ, Hu P, Kim K, Anastasia CM, Kim HI, Castillo C, Ahern CB, Pedersen JA, Fairbrother DH, Giraldo JP. Electrostatics Control Nanoparticle Interactions with Model and Native Cell Walls of Plants and Algae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19663-19677. [PMID: 37948609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A lack of mechanistic understanding of nanomaterial interactions with plants and algae cell walls limits the advancement of nanotechnology-based tools for sustainable agriculture. We systematically investigated the influence of nanoparticle charge on the interactions with model cell wall surfaces built with cellulose or pectin and performed a comparative analysis with native cell walls of Arabidopsis plants and green algae (Choleochaete). The high affinity of positively charged carbon dots (CDs) (46.0 ± 3.3 mV, 4.3 ± 1.5 nm) to both model and native cell walls was dominated by the strong ionic bonding between the surface amine groups of CDs and the carboxyl groups of pectin. In contrast, these CDs formed weaker hydrogen bonding with the hydroxyl groups of cellulose model surfaces. The CDs of similar size with negative (-46.2 ± 1.1 mV, 6.6 ± 3.8 nm) or neutral (-8.6 ± 1.3 mV, 4.3 ± 1.9 nm) ζ-potentials exhibited negligible interactions with cell walls. Real-time monitoring of CD interactions with model pectin cell walls indicated higher absorption efficiency (3.4 ± 1.3 10-9) and acoustic mass density (313.3 ± 63.3 ng cm-2) for the positively charged CDs than negative and neutral counterparts (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The surface charge density of the positively charged CDs significantly enhanced these electrostatic interactions with cell walls, pointing to approaches to control nanoparticle binding to plant biosurfaces. Ca2+-induced cross-linking of pectin affected the initial absorption efficiency of the positively charged CD on cell wall surfaces (∼3.75 times lower) but not the accumulation of the nanoparticles on cell wall surfaces. This study developed model biosurfaces for elucidating fundamental interactions of nanomaterials with cell walls, a main barrier for nanomaterial translocation in plants and algae in the environment, and for the advancement of nanoenabled agriculture with a reduced environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ji Jeon
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Peiguang Hu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Kyoungtea Kim
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Caroline M Anastasia
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hye-In Kim
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher Castillo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Colleen B Ahern
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Joel A Pedersen
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - D Howard Fairbrother
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Giraldo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Othman AM, Sabry YM, Khalil D, Bourouina T. Single Infrared Spectrum Enables Simultaneous Identification of (Bio)Chemical Nature and Particle Size of Microorganisms and Synthetic Microplastic Beads. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17826-17833. [PMID: 37982148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Populations of nearly identical chemical and biological microparticles include the synthetic microbeads used in cosmetic, biomedical, agri-food, and pharmaceutical industries as well as the class of living microorganisms such as yeast, pollen, and biological cells. Herein, we identify simultaneously the size and chemical nature of spherical microparticle populations with diameters larger than 1 μm. Our analysis relies on the extraction of both physical and chemical signatures from the same optical spectrum recorded using attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. These signatures are the spectral resonances caused by the microparticles, which depend on their size and the absorption peaks revealing their chemical nature. We validate the method first on separated and mixed groups of spherical microplastic particles of two different diameters, where the method is used to calculate the diameter of the microspherical particles. Then, we apply the method to correctly identify and measure the diameter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. Theoretical simulations to help in understanding the effect of size distribution and dispersion support our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Othman
- Université Gustave Eiffel, ESYCOM CNRS UMR 9007, Noisy-le-Grand ESIEE Paris, Noisy-le-Grand 93162, France
- Si-Ware Systems, 3 Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Sabry
- Si-Ware Systems, 3 Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11361, Egypt
- Faculty of Engineering, Ain-Shams University, 1 Elsarayat St. Abbassia, Cairo 11535, Egypt
| | - Diaa Khalil
- Si-Ware Systems, 3 Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11361, Egypt
- Faculty of Engineering, Ain-Shams University, 1 Elsarayat St. Abbassia, Cairo 11535, Egypt
| | - Tarik Bourouina
- Université Gustave Eiffel, ESYCOM CNRS UMR 9007, Noisy-le-Grand ESIEE Paris, Noisy-le-Grand 93162, France
- Si-Ware Systems, 3 Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11361, Egypt
- CINTRA, IRL 3288 CNRS-NTU-THALES, Nanyang Technological University, 637553 Singapore
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Meyvisch P, Mertens KN, Gurdebeke PR, Sandt C, Pospelova V, Vrielinck H, Borondics F, Louwye S. Does dinocyst wall composition really reflect trophic affinity? New evidence from ATR micro-FTIR spectroscopy measurements. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:1064-1084. [PMID: 37623312 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection (ATR) microscope Fourier transform infrared (micro-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the dinosporin composition in the walls of modern, organic-walled dinoflagellate resting cysts (dinocysts). Variable cyst wall compositions were observed, which led to the erection of four spectrochemical groups, some with striking similarities to other resistant biomacromolecules such as sporopollenin and algaenan. Furthermore, possible proxies derivable from the spectrochemical composition of modern and fossil dinocysts were discussed. The color of the dinocyst walls was reflected in the spectral data. When comparing that color with a standard and the results of a series of bleaching experiments with oxidative agents, eumelanin was assigned as a likely pigment contributing to the observed color. Following this assignment, the role of eumelanin as an ultraviolet sunscreen in colored dinocysts was hypothesized, and its implications on the autofluorescence and morphological preservation of dinocysts were further discussed. Unlike what had previously been assumed, it was shown that micro-FTIR data from dinocysts cannot be used to unambiguously infer trophic affinities of their associated cells. Finally, using methods with high spatial resolutions (synchrotron transmission micro-FTIR and optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy), it was shown that dinocyst wall layers are chemically homogenous at the probed scales. This study fills a large knowledge gap in our understanding of the chemical nature of dinocyst walls and has nuanced certain assumptions and interpretations made in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vera Pospelova
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Henk Vrielinck
- Department of Solid-State Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kolipaka T, Khairnar P, Phatale V, Pandey G, Famta P, Shah S, Asthana A, Nanduri S, Raghuvanshi RS, Srivastava S. Multifaceted roles of pollen in the management of cancer. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123278. [PMID: 37516214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery of microparticles demonstrates shortcomings like aggregation, decreased loading capacity and batch-to-batch variation, which limits its scale-up. Later, porous structures gained attention because of their large surface-to-volume ratio, high loading capacity and ability to carry biomacromolecules, which undergo degradation in GIT. But there are pitfalls like non-uniform particle size distribution, the impact of porogen properties, and harsh chemicals. To circumvent these drawbacks, natural carriers like pollen are explored in drug delivery, which withstands harsh environments. This property helps to subdue the acid-sensitive drug in GIT. It shows uniform particle size distribution within the species. On the other side, they contain phytoconstituents like flavonoids and polysaccharides, which possess various pharmacological applications. Therefore, pollen has the capability as a carrier system and therapeutic agent. This review focuses on pollen's microstructure, composition and utility in cancer management. The extraction strategies, characterisation techniques and chemical structure of sporopollenin exine capsule, its use in the oral delivery of antineoplastic drugs, and emerging cancer treatments like photothermal therapy, immunotherapy and microrobots have been highlighted. We have mentioned a note on the anticancer activity of pollen extract. Further, we have summarised the regulatory perspective, bottlenecks and way forward associated with pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Kolipaka
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pooja Khairnar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vivek Phatale
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Giriraj Pandey
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Amit Asthana
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi
- Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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Wang T, Bell BA, Fletcher WJ, Ryan PA, Wogelius RA. Influence of common palynological extraction treatments on ultraviolet absorbing compounds (UACs) in sub-fossil pollen and spores observed in FTIR spectra. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1096099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBiological life, atmospheric circulation and the Earth’s climate may be influenced by UV-B radiation. In plants, Ultraviolet Absorbing Compounds (UACs) are an indicator of UV-B exposure, and the abundance of UACs in pollen and spores of embryophytes is measurable using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) micro-Spectroscopy. However, understanding the influence of common chemical pre-treatments on sub-fossil pollen and spores with a view to UV-B reconstruction still requires investigation.MethodsHere, peat samples collected from a Late Holocene raised bog were treated with different chemicals (HCl, KOH, and acetolysis) for varying treatment times (up to 210 min). Pollen or spores of three common taxa (Alnus, Calluna and Sphagnum) were isolated and FTIR spectra obtained on individual grains. The spectra were compared to modern pollen and spore samples collected nearby.ResultsSpectra of modern and sub-fossil samples show several visible differences related to lipid and protoplast contents. The results of chemical treatments on sub-fossil pollen and spores reveal that HCl produced limited changes, while KOH and acetolysis altered several peaks, including the UAC-related aromatic peak at 1516 cm−1. We observe that all treatments modify the FTIR spectra to some degree, from weakest (HCl) to strongest (acetolysis). With respect to reduction of UAC peak area and treatment time, we observe in some cases a significant log-decay relationship, notably for KOH treatment on Calluna pollen and acetolysis on Sphagnum spores. Compared to untreated control samples, UAC peak area in Alnus, Calluna and Sphagnum reduced by 68%, 69% and 60% respectively, after only 3 min of acetolysis treatment. After 60 minutes of acetolysis treatment UAC peaks were reduced by 77%, 84% and 88%.DiscussionDue to the potential for taxon-specific effects and significant reductions in UAC peak area even within short treatment times, our recommendation for future applications in palaeoecological studies on palynomorph chemistry is to avoid chemical digestions in the pollen extraction process in favour of separation methods including micro-sieving and density separation.
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Uyeki SC, Pacheco CM, Simeral ML, Hafner JH. The Raman Active Vibrations of Flavone and Quercetin: The Impact of Conformers and Hydrogen Bonding on Fingerprint Modes. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1387-1394. [PMID: 36735995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The detection and analysis of flavonoids by Raman spectroscopy are of interest in many fields, including medicinal chemistry, food science, and astrobiology. Spectral interpretation would benefit from better identification of the fingerprint vibrational peaks of different flavonoids and how they are affected by intermolecular interactions. The Raman spectra of two flavonoids, flavone and quercetin, were investigated through comparisons between spectra recorded from pure powders and spectra calculated with time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). For both flavone and quercetin, 17 peaks were assigned to specific molecular vibrations. Both flavonoids were found to have a split peak between 1250-1350 cm-1 that is not predicted by TDDFT calculations on isolated molecules. In each case, it is shown that the addition of hydrogen bonded molecules arranged based on crystal structures reproduces the split peaks. These peaks were due to a stretching vibration of the bond between benzopyrone and phenyl rings and represent a characteristic spectral feature of flavonoids. Spectra of pollen grains from Quercus virginiana were also recorded and exhibit several peaks that correspond to the quercetin spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Campbell Uyeki
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Charles M Pacheco
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mathieu L Simeral
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jason H Hafner
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Kerienė I, Šaulienė I, Šukienė L, Judžentienė A, Ligor M, Buszewski B. Patterns of Phenolic Compounds in Betula and Pinus Pollen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:356. [PMID: 36679068 PMCID: PMC9865354 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in the pollen of anemophilous Betula and Pinus were determined. Spectrophotometric, high-performance thin-layer and liquid chromatography methods were applied. Free phenolic compounds (free PC) and phenolic compounds bound to the cell wall (bound PC) were analysed in the pollen extracts. Regardless of the pollen species, their content was 20% higher than that in bound PC extracts. Pinus pollen extracts contained 2.5 times less phenolic compounds compared to Betula. Free PC extraction from the deeper layers of Pinus pollen was minimal; the same content of phenolic compounds was obtained in both types of extracts. The bioactivity of pollen (p < 0.05) is related to the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in Betula free PC and in bound PC, and only in free PC extracts of Pinus. Rutin, chlorogenic and trans-ferulic acids were characterised by antioxidant activity. Phenolic acids accounted for 70−94%, while rutin constituted 2−3% of the total amount in the extracts. One of the dominant phenolic acids was trans-ferulic acid in all the Betula and Pinus samples. The specific compounds were vanillic and chlorogenic acids of Betula pollen extracts, while Pinus extracts contained gallic acid. The data obtained for the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Betula and Pinus pollen can be useful for modelling food chains in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kerienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Šaulienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania
| | - Laura Šukienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania
| | - Asta Judžentienė
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
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11
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Boff S, Keller A, Raizer J, Lupi D. Decreased efficiency of pollen collection due to Sulfoxaflor exposure leads to a reduction in the size of bumble bee workers in late European summer. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.842563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) are important pollinators of wild and crop plants. Despite their importance in the process of fruit and seed production on crop sites, their activity may be impaired due to exposure to pesticides. This species has a yearly life cycle and colony success may rely on effective foraging of workers on ruderal plants late in summer when most crops are no longer flowering. In the current study, we investigated the effect of chronic exposure to Sulfoxaflor on aspects of the foraging behavior of bumble bees and whether Sulfoxaflor influences the body size of workers of B. terrestris in a crop landscape. We found that 2 weeks of continuous exposure to Sulfoxaflor influenced workers’ foraging dynamics and collection of resources. However, there was no evidence that the 5 ppb dose of the pesticide impacted the ability of bees to handle flowers with different traits. Workers from colonies exposed to Sulfoxaflor were smaller. The effect on worker size may be explained as a consequence of the reduced pollen income per unit of worker foraging. Thus, if the effects of Sulfoxaflor applied directly to crops had the same effect as that observed on commercial bumble bees after our chronic exposure, it might negatively impact colony success due to the impact on pollen collection and the reduction in the size of workers.
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Characterization of Romanian Bee Pollen—An Important Nutritional Source. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172633. [PMID: 36076817 PMCID: PMC9455760 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee pollen represents an important bee product, which is produced by mixing flower pollens with nectar honey and bee’s salivary substances. It represents an important source of phenolic compounds which can have great importance for importance for prophylaxis of diseases, particularly to prevent cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, those having direct correlation with oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to characterize 24 bee pollen samples in terms of physicochemical parameters, organic acids, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, individual phenolics compounds, fatty acids, and amino acids from the Nort East region of Romania, which have not been studied until now. The bee pollen can be considered as a high protein source (the mean concentration was 22.31% d.m.) with a high energy value (390.66 kcal/100 g). The total phenolic content ranged between 4.64 and 17.93 mg GAE/g, while the total flavonoid content ranged between 4.90 and 20.45 mg QE/g. The high protein content was observed in Robinia pseudoacacia, the high content of lipids was observed in Robinia pseudoacacia pollen, the high fructose content in Prunus spp. pollen while the high F/G ratio was observed in Pinaceae spp. pollen. The high TPC was observed in Prunus spp. pollen, the high TFC was observed in Robinia pseudoacacia pollen, the high free amino acid content was observed in Pinaceae spp. pollen, and the high content of PUFA was reported in Taraxacum spp. pollen. A total of 16 amino acids (eight essential and eight non-essential amino acids) were quantified in the bee pollen samples analyzed. The total content of the amino acids determined for the bee pollen samples varied between 11.31 µg/mg and 45.99 µg/mg. Our results can indicate that the bee pollen is a rich source of protein, fatty acids, amino acids and bioactive compounds.
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Peng W, Yin J, Ma J, Zhou X, Chang C. Identification of hepatocellular carcinoma and paracancerous tissue based on the peak area in FTIR microspectroscopy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3115-3124. [PMID: 35920728 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common primary hepatic malignancies across the world. The annual incidence and death rates have increased at the highest rate of all cancers in recent years. Surgical resection is a potentially curative option for solitary HCC or unilobar disease without evidence of metastases or vascular invasion. This study focuses on the molecular differences between the HCC foci and paracancerous tissues and provides some valuable biomarkers based on the vibrational spectrum. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a non-invasive and qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis technique that has been widely applied for the identification of macromolecular changes in biological tissues. In this study, the FTIR spectra of the HCC foci and the paracancerous tissues were recorded separately, and ten areas under the absorption peaks of all the specimens were calculated. The result demonstrates that the areas of protein-related absorption peaks at 1398 cm-1, 1548 cm-1, 1654 cm-1 and 3070 cm-1 may be the key indicators of the two different regions. After coupling with the classification algorithms of k-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM), it was found that SVM with an RBF kernel performed best with the AUC (area under the ROC curve) reaching 0.997, and the performance was better than the feature based on the full spectrum. This reveals that the peak area-based FTIR spectra combined with the SVM algorithm may be a promising tool in identifying the HCC foci and the paracancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Peng
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Junkai Yin
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
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14
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Stiebing C, Post N, Schindler C, Göhrig B, Lux H, Popp J, Heutelbeck A, Schie IW. Revealing the Chemical Composition of Birch Pollen Grains by Raman Spectroscopic Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095112. [PMID: 35563504 PMCID: PMC9101400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the biochemical composition of pollen grains is of the utmost interest for several environmental aspects, such as their allergenic potential and their changes in growth conditions due to climatic factors. In order to fully understand the composition of pollen grains, not only is an in-depth analysis of their molecular components necessary but also spatial information of, e.g., the thickness of the outer shell, should be recorded. However, there is a lack of studies using molecular imaging methods for a spatially resolved biochemical composition on a single-grain level. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was implemented as an analytical tool to investigate birch pollen by imaging single pollen grains and analyzing their spectral profiles. The imaging modality allowed us to reveal the layered structure of pollen grains based on the biochemical information of the recorded Raman spectra. Seven different birch pollen species collected at two different locations in Germany were investigated and compared. Using chemometric algorithms such as hierarchical cluster analysis and multiple-curve resolution, several components of the grain wall, such as sporopollenin, as well as the inner core presenting high starch concentrations, were identified and quantified. Differences in the concentrations of, e.g., sporopollenin, lipids and proteins in the pollen species at the two different collection sites were found, and are discussed in connection with germination and other growth processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Stiebing
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Nele Post
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Claudia Schindler
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (B.G.); (H.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Bianca Göhrig
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (B.G.); (H.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Harald Lux
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (B.G.); (H.L.); (A.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid Heutelbeck
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (B.G.); (H.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Iwan W. Schie
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Latinovic A, Nichols DS, Adams VM, McQuillan PB. Application of Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Mass Spectrometry for the Taxonomic Analysis of Pollen. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.795104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, both managed and wild pollination services are unable to meet current rates of crop production and pollination demand. Wild pollination services could be improved through the reforestation of agricultural land margins, however plant–pollinator networks remain poorly understood and the collection of key floral traits a complex process. Herein, we consider the merits of pollen as a floral trait and the application of a rapid pollen comparison method in assessing whether pollen traits are conserved at a taxonomic level. Reporting the previously unstudied, pollen fingerprints of 18 Australian plant species, these are compared against the seed crop Daucus carota L. and two naturalised Brassica hybrids. Applying atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS) for rapid pollen fingerprinting, pollens are compared through non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), Jaccard index correlation and hierarchical clustering. Demonstrating the merits of this analytical method for the grouping of potential revegetation flora, we identify key pollen similarities and differences that could correlate with wild pollinator preferences.
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16
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Csikós E, Horváth A, Ács K, Papp N, Balázs VL, Dolenc MS, Kenda M, Kočevar Glavač N, Nagy M, Protti M, Mercolini L, Horváth G, Farkas Á. Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Natural Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237141. [PMID: 34885733 PMCID: PMC8659259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common urinary diseases affecting men, generally after the age of 50. The prevalence of this multifactorial disease increases with age. With aging, the plasma level of testosterone decreases, as well as the testosterone/estrogen ratio, resulting in increased estrogen activity, which may facilitate the hyperplasia of the prostate cells. Another theory focuses on dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and the activity of the enzyme 5α-reductase, which converts testosterone to DHT. In older men, the activity of this enzyme increases, leading to a decreased testosterone/DHT ratio. DHT may promote prostate cell growth, resulting in hyperplasia. Some medicinal plants and their compounds act by modulating this enzyme, and have the above-mentioned targets. This review focuses on herbal drugs that are most widely used in the treatment of BPH, including pumpkin seed, willow herb, tomato, maritime pine bark, Pygeum africanum bark, rye pollen, saw palmetto fruit, and nettle root, highlighting the latest results of preclinical and clinical studies, as well as safety issues. In addition, the pharmaceutical care and other therapeutic options of BPH, including pharmacotherapy and surgical options, are discussed, summarizing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Csikós
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (K.Á.); (N.P.); (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Adrienn Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Kamilla Ács
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (K.Á.); (N.P.); (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Nóra Papp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (K.Á.); (N.P.); (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Viktória Lilla Balázs
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (K.Á.); (N.P.); (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Marija Sollner Dolenc
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.S.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Maša Kenda
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.S.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Nina Kočevar Glavač
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Milan Nagy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-832-32 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Michele Protti
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (K.Á.); (N.P.); (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Ágnes Farkas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (K.Á.); (N.P.); (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Montero O, Velasco M, Miñón J, Marks EAN, Sanz-Arranz A, Rad C. Differential Membrane Lipid Profiles and Vibrational Spectra of Three Edaphic Algae and One Cyanobacterium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11277. [PMID: 34681936 PMCID: PMC8538821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane glycerolipids of four phototrophs that were isolated from an edaphic assemblage were determined by UPLC-MS after cultivation in a laboratory growth chamber. Identification was carried out by 18S and 16S rDNA sequencing. The algal species were Klebsormidium flaccidum (Charophyta), Oocystis sp. (Chlorophyta), and Haslea spicula (Bacillariophyta), and the cyanobacterium was Microcoleus vaginatus (Cyanobacteria). The glycerolipid profile of Oocystis sp. was dominated by monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) species, with MGDG(18:3/16:4) accounting for 68.6%, whereas MGDG(18:3/16:3) was the most abundant glycerolipid in K. flaccidum (50.1%). A ratio of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) species to MGDG species (DGDG/MGDG) was shown to be higher in K. flaccidum (0.26) than in Oocystis sp. (0.14). This ratio increased under high light (HL) as compared to low light (LL) in all the organisms, with its highest value being shown in cyanobacterium (0.38-0.58, LL-HL). High contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and hexadecenoic acid were observed in the glycerolipids of H. spicula. Similar Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra were found for K. flaccidum and Oocystis sp. Specific bands at 1629.06 and 1582.78 cm-1 were shown by M. vaginatus in the Raman spectra. Conversely, specific bands in the FTIR spectrum were observed for H. spicula at 1143 and 1744 cm-1. The results of this study point out differences in the membrane lipid composition between species, which likely reflects their different morphology and evolutionary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpio Montero
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Sanz y Forés Str. 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Marta Velasco
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Sanz y Forés Str. 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Miñón
- Composting Research Group UBUCOMP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Evan A. N. Marks
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic-University of Central Catalonia, Edifici Can Baumann, Crta. de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain;
| | - Aurelio Sanz-Arranz
- Department of Fisica de la Materia Condensada, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Carlos Rad
- Composting Research Group UBUCOMP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.M.); (C.R.)
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Dzurendová S, Shapaval V, Tafintseva V, Kohler A, Byrtusová D, Szotkowski M, Márová I, Zimmermann B. Assessment of Biotechnologically Important Filamentous Fungal Biomass by Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6710. [PMID: 34201486 PMCID: PMC8269384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous filamentous fungi can accumulate large amount of cellular lipids and biopolymers and pigments and potentially serve as a major source of biochemicals for food, feed, chemical, pharmaceutical, and transport industries. We assessed suitability of Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy for screening and process monitoring of filamentous fungi in biotechnology. Six Mucoromycota strains were cultivated in microbioreactors under six growth conditions (three phosphate concentrations in the presence and absence of calcium). FT-Raman and FT-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic data was assessed in respect to reference analyses of lipids, phosphorus, and carotenoids by using principal component analysis (PCA), multiblock or consensus PCA, partial least square regression (PLSR), and analysis of spectral variation due to different design factors by an ANOVA model. All main chemical biomass constituents were detected by FT-Raman spectroscopy, including lipids, proteins, cell wall carbohydrates, and polyphosphates, and carotenoids. FT-Raman spectra clearly show the effect of growth conditions on fungal biomass. PLSR models with high coefficients of determination (0.83-0.94) and low error (approximately 8%) for quantitative determination of total lipids, phosphates, and carotenoids were established. FT-Raman spectroscopy showed great potential for chemical analysis of biomass of oleaginous filamentous fungi. The study demonstrates that FT-Raman and FTIR spectroscopies provide complementary information on main fungal biomass constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dzurendová
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Dana Byrtusová
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (A.K.); (D.B.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Martin Szotkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ivana Márová
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (A.K.); (D.B.)
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Chemical Profile, Cytotoxic Activity and Oxidative Stress Reduction of Different Syringa vulgaris L. Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113104. [PMID: 34067400 PMCID: PMC8197011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Syringa vulgaris L. (common lilac) is one of the most popular ornamental species, but also a promising not comprehensively studied source of bioactive compounds with important therapeutic potential. Our study was designed to characterize the chemical composition and to assess the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of ethanolic extracts obtained from S. vulgaris L. flowers, leaves, bark, and fruit. The chemical profile of the ethanolic extracts was investigated using chromatographic (HPLC-DAD-ESI+, GC-MS) and spectral (UV-Vis, FT-IR) methods, while the protective effect against free radicals was evaluated in vitro by different chemical assays (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC). The cytotoxic activity was tested on two tumoral cell lines, HeLa, B16F10, using the MTT assay. Significant amounts of free or glycosylated chemical components belonging to various therapeutically important structural classes, such as phenyl-propanoids (syringin, acteoside, echinacoside), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol derivatives) and secoiridoids (secologanoside, oleuropein, 10-hydroxy oleuropein, demethyloleuropein, syringalactone A, nuzhenide, lingstroside) were obtained for the flowers, leaves and bark extracts, respectively. Furthermore, MTT tests pointed out a significant cytotoxic potential expressed in a non-dose-dependent manner toward the tumoral lines. The performed methods underlined that S. vulgaris extracts, in particular belonging to flowers and leaves, represent valuable sources of compounds with antioxidant and antitumoral potential.
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20
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Fan B, Wang Q, Wu W, Zhou Q, Li D, Xu Z, Fu L, Zhu J, Karimi-Maleh H, Lin CT. Electrochemical Fingerprint Biosensor for Natural Indigo Dye Yielding Plants Analysis. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11050155. [PMID: 34068869 PMCID: PMC8153556 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Indigo is a plant dye that has been used as an important dye by various ancient civilizations throughout history. Today, due to environmental and health concerns, plant indigo is re-entering the market. Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze is the most widely used species in China for indigo preparation. However, other species under Strobilanthes have a similar feature. In this work, 12 Strobilanthes spp. were analyzed using electrochemical fingerprinting technology. Depending on their electrochemically active molecules, they can be quickly identified by fingerprinting. In addition, the fingerprint obtained under different conditions can be used to produce scattered patter and heatmap. These patterns make plant identification more convenient. Since the electrochemically active components in plants reflect the differences at the gene level to some extent, the obtained electrochemical fingerprints are further used for the discussion of phylogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.F.); (W.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Q.W.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.F.); (W.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qinwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.F.); (W.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Dongling Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Q.W.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zenglai Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Q.W.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.F.); (W.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiangwei Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu 611731, China;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan 9477177870, Iran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Cheng-Te Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China;
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21
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Ezegbogu MO. Identifying the scene of a crime through pollen analysis. Sci Justice 2021; 61:205-213. [PMID: 33985668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The forensic analysis of pollen involves the comparison of crime scene and reference pollen samples. Successful matches are frequently used to solve time- or location-related crimes. Despite its prospects in criminal investigation, forensic palynology is still underused in casework due to inherent shortcomings such as its limited evidential weighting, scarcity of skilled palynologists dedicated to forensic casework and the laborious nature of analytical procedures. To address these challenges, the current state-of-the-art in forensic palynology is transiting from the traditional light microscopic methods that dominated the early days of palynology to more contemporary approaches like Raman spectroscopy, stable isotope analysis and DNA metabarcoding. The major challenges of these methods, however, include a lack of optimisation to forensic expectations and the unavailability of robust databases to permit accurate data interpretation, and quests to resolve these problems constitute the theme of current research. While reiterating the usefulness of pollen analysis in criminal investigation, this report recommends orthogonal testing as a way of improving the evidential weighting of forensic palynology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O Ezegbogu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, CT2 7NZ, UK.
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22
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de Souza LP, Borghi M, Fernie A. Plant Single-Cell Metabolomics-Challenges and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8987. [PMID: 33256100 PMCID: PMC7730874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omics approaches for investigating biological systems were introduced in the mid-1990s and quickly consolidated to become a fundamental pillar of modern biology. The idea of measuring the whole complement of genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites has since become widespread and routinely adopted in the pursuit of an infinity of scientific questions. Incremental improvements over technical aspects such as sampling, sensitivity, cost, and throughput pushed even further the boundaries of what these techniques can achieve. In this context, single-cell genomics and transcriptomics quickly became a well-established tool to answer fundamental questions challenging to assess at a whole tissue level. Following a similar trend as the original development of these techniques, proteomics alternatives for single-cell exploration have become more accessible and reliable, whilst metabolomics lag behind the rest. This review summarizes state-of-the-art technologies for spatially resolved metabolomics analysis, as well as the challenges hindering the achievement of sensu stricto metabolome coverage at the single-cell level. Furthermore, we discuss several essential contributions to understanding plant single-cell metabolism, finishing with our opinion on near-future developments and relevant scientific questions that will hopefully be tackled by incorporating these new exciting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Müehlenberg 1, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Monica Borghi
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 1435 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA;
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Müehlenberg 1, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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23
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Metal and Phosphate Ions Show Remarkable Influence on the Biomass Production and Lipid Accumulation in Oleaginous Mucor circinelloides. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040260. [PMID: 33143254 PMCID: PMC7711463 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomass of Mucor circinelloides, a dimorphic oleaginous filamentous fungus, has a significant nutritional value and can be used for single cell oil production. Metal ions are micronutrients supporting fungal growth and metabolic activity of cellular processes. We investigated the effect of 140 different substrates, with varying amounts of metal and phosphate ions concentration, on the growth, cell chemistry, lipid accumulation, and lipid profile of M. circinelloides. A high-throughput set-up consisting of a Duetz microcultivation system coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized. Lipids were extracted by a modified Lewis method and analyzed using gas chromatography. It was observed that Mg and Zn ions were essential for the growth and metabolic activity of M. circinelloides. An increase in Fe ion concentration inhibited fungal growth, while higher concentrations of Cu, Co, and Zn ions enhanced the growth and lipid accumulation. Lack of Ca and Cu ions, as well as higher amounts of Zn and Mn ions, enhanced lipid accumulation in M. circinelloides. Generally, the fatty acid profile of M. circinelloides lipids was quite consistent, irrespective of media composition. Increasing the amount of Ca ions enhanced polyphosphates accumulation, while lack of it showed fall in polyphosphate.
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24
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Tungmunnithum D, Renouard S, Drouet S, Blondeau JP, Hano C. A Critical Cross-Species Comparison of Pollen from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. vs. Nymphaea lotus L. for Authentication of Thai Medicinal Herbal Tea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9070921. [PMID: 32708113 PMCID: PMC7412456 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
"Bau Luang" or Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. is an aquatic medicinal herb that has been used as a component of traditional medicines, medicinal products, and herbal tea for good health, particularly in Asia. The stamen of N. nucifera is an important part of this medicinal plant that is used in the form of dried and/or powdered stamens for herbal tea as well as the main ingredient of some traditional remedies. However, there is another aquatic herb called "Bau Sai" or Nymphaea lotus L. that is distributed in similar locations. Living plants of these two aquatic species may be classified according to their morphology, but the dried and powdered stamens of these two medicinal species are difficult to distinguish. The major reason of adulteration is the higher price of Bau Luang stamen. As a result, various methods of authentication, such as pollen micromorphology evaluation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, bioinformatics analysis of two nuclear and plastic DNA markers, phytochemical stamen profiling, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of stamen plant material authentication from Bau Luang and Bau Sai, have been used in this present research in order to avoid some adulteration and/or misuse between the dried stamens of Bau Luang and Bau Sai. These results showed that the micro-morphology of pollen (size of pollen grain, number of apertures, and surface ornamentation) from the SEM analysis, some phytochemical compounds and the FTIR sporopollenin-to-protein ratio signal analysis are potential tools for authentication and identification of these two medicinal plants from their dried-stamen materials. This model of investigation may also be used to distinguish dried plant material from other problematic plant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France;
- Bioactifs et Cosmetiques, CNRS GDR 3711, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (C.H.); Tel.: +66-264-486-96 (D.T.); +33-237-309-753 (C.H.)
| | - Sullivan Renouard
- Institut de Chimie et de Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, CNRS UMR 5248, Bordeaux University, 33600 Pessac, France;
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France;
- Bioactifs et Cosmetiques, CNRS GDR 3711, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Blondeau
- Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI) CNRS UPR3079, 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans, France;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France;
- Bioactifs et Cosmetiques, CNRS GDR 3711, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (C.H.); Tel.: +66-264-486-96 (D.T.); +33-237-309-753 (C.H.)
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25
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Influence of Pollen on Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Literature Review and Experimental Testing with Pollen. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work attempts to shed some light on the impact of organic soiling due to pollen on solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation. Apart from introducing several soiling-related pollen features, the previous works reporting soiling by pollen have been reviewed. Local observations from late winter to early spring showed that a rooftop PV system experienced both uniform and non-uniform soiling issues, which were mainly caused by pollen from nearby cypress specimens. In addition, this work publishes preliminary results regarding an artificial soiling test performed with pollen. In this test, soda lime float glass coupons were artificially soiled with fresh cypress pollen. A linear relationship was found between the pollen mass density (ρA) and the glass averaged transmittance (TAVE) for values up to 9.1 g/m2. In comparison with other artificial soiling tests performed with different soiling agents, the transmittance loss caused by pollen cypress deposition was relatively high and spectrally selective.
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