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Avnee, Sood S, Chaudhary DR, Jhorar P, Rana RS. Biofortification: an approach to eradicate micronutrient deficiency. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1233070. [PMID: 37789898 PMCID: PMC10543656 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1233070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency also known as "hidden hunger" refers to a condition that occurs when the body lacks essential vitamins and minerals that are required in small amounts for proper growth, development and overall health. These deficiencies are particularly common in developing countries, where a lack of access to a varied and nutritious diet makes it difficult for people to get the micronutrients they need. Micronutrient supplementation has been a topic of interest, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, due to its potential role in supporting immune function and overall health. Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), iodine (I), and selenium (Se) deficiency in humans are significant food-related issues worldwide. Biofortification is a sustainable strategy that has been developed to address micronutrient deficiencies by increasing the levels of essential vitamins and minerals in staple crops that are widely consumed by people in affected communities. There are a number of agricultural techniques for biofortification, including selective breeding of crops to have higher levels of specific nutrients, agronomic approach using fertilizers and other inputs to increase nutrient uptake by crops and transgenic approach. The agronomic approach offers a temporary but speedy solution while the genetic approach (breeding and transgenic) is the long-term solution but requires time to develop a nutrient-rich variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnee
- Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Sonia Sood
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Desh Raj Chaudhary
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Pooja Jhorar
- Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Ranbir Singh Rana
- Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
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Faridullah F, Shabbir H, Iqbal A, Bacha AUR, Arifeen A, Bhatti ZA, Mujtaba G. Iodine supplementation through its biofortification in Brassica species depending on the type of soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37208-37218. [PMID: 36571694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iodine is an essential microelement for humans and its deficiency leads to iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) which is a common problem faced by people in hilly areas. Biofortification of iodine is an option to overcome the IDD problem. Herein, we investigated the iodine uptake and accumulation in the edible portion of vegetables such as Brassica napus (BNP) and Brassica pekinensis (BPK) which were grown on two different soils such as sandy soil (SS) and silty loam soil (SLS) with different concentrations of iodine application (used in sodium iodide form) such as 0 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm. The concentration of iodine was determined by the oxidation of iodide, and nutrients were examined by double acid digestion. Different concentrations of iodine were noticed in silty loam and sandy soils, roots, and shoots of BNP and BPK, while the concentration follows the order: soils > roots > shoots. Iodine concentrations in the roots of BNP and BPK ranged from 46 to 223.7 μg/g which shows a strong correlation with other soil nutrients. Moreover, a large amount of iodine was lost due to the leaching. It is concluded that the biofortification of iodine increases its concentration in Brassica species. This work provides a reference for the iodine biofortification in plant species which will be helpful to control IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faridullah Faridullah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Hina Shabbir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Awais Arifeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad Bhatti
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba
- Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
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Frąszczak B, Kleiber T. Microgreens Biometric and Fluorescence Response to Iron (Fe) Biofortification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14553. [PMID: 36498881 PMCID: PMC9741105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgreens are foods with high nutritional value, which can be further enhanced with biofortification. Crop biofortification involves increasing the accumulation of target nutrients in edible plant tissues through fertilization or other factors. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential for biofortification of some vegetable microgreens through iron (Fe) enrichment. The effect of nutrient solution supplemented with iron chelate (1.5, 3.0 mg/L) on the plant's growth and mineral concentration of purple kohlrabi, radish, pea, and spinach microgreens was studied. Increasing the concentration of Fe in the medium increased the Fe content in the leaves of the species under study, except for radish. Significant interactions were observed between Fe and other microelements (Mn, Zn, and Cu) content in the shoots. With the increase in the intensity of supplementation with Fe, regardless of the species, the uptake of zinc and copper decreased. However, the species examined suggested that the response to Fe enrichment was species-specific. The application of Fe didn't influence plant height or fresh and dry weight. The chlorophyll content index (CCI) was different among species. With increasing fertilisation intensity, a reduction in CCI only in peas resulted. A higher dose of iron in the medium increased the fluorescence yield of spinach and pea microgreens. In conclusion, the tested species, especially spinach and pea, grown in soilless systems are good targets to produce high-quality Fe biofortified microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Frąszczak
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-594 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kleiber
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-198 Poznan, Poland
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Vetési V, Záray G, Endrédi A, Sandil S, Rékási M, Takács T, Dobosy P. Iodine biofortification of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants cultivated in three different soils. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275589. [PMID: 36194606 PMCID: PMC9531830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge for mankind today is to find a plant-based source of iodine, instead of table salt, which would provide the recommended daily dosage of iodine. The aim of this work was to study the accumulation of iodine and the physiochemical changes in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) irrigated with iodine-containing water. Applying iodine at concentration of 0.5 mg L-1 resulted 51, 18, and 35% decrement in biomass of bean fruit, while in pea fruit, a 13% reduction and a 3 and 2% increment were observed when the plants were cultivated in sand, sandy silt, and silt, respectively. The highest iodine concentrations in the bean and pea fruits were detected in plants cultivated in silt soil with concentration of 0.5 mg I- L-1 and amounted to 1.6 and 0.4 mg kg-1, respectively. In presence of iodine at concentration of 0.5 mg L-1, the concentration of magnesium, phosphorous, manganese and iron increased in the bean fruit, while in the case of pea, at iodine concentration above 0.1 mg L-1 the uptake of these nutrients were hampered. Based on these facts, the iodized bean can be recommended as a possible food source to enhance the iodine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Vetési
- Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Záray
- Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Endrédi
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sirat Sandil
- Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Rékási
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Takács
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Dobosy
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
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Smoleń S, Kowalska I, Skoczylas Ł, Tabaszewska M, Pitala J, Mrożek J, Kováčik P. Effectiveness of enriching lettuce with iodine using 5-iodosalicylic and 3,5-diiodosalicylic acids and the chemical composition of plants depending on the type of soil in a pot experiment. Food Chem 2022; 382:132347. [PMID: 35151013 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is a beneficial element for humans, animals and plants. This study was a comparison of the effectiveness of iodosalicylate uptake by lettuce. The experiment included two sub-blocks: organic soil and mineral soil with the addition of the same fertigation of plants (8 times every 7 days) with 10 µM solutions (100 mL/per one plant/one application) of potassium iodate (KIO3), salicylic acid (SA) alone or together with KIO3, 5-iodosalicylic acid (5-ISA) or 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (3,5-diISA). None of the tested iodine compounds negatively affected the yield of lettuce. When growing plants on mineral soil, plants accumulated more iodine in the leaves than plants grown on peat substrate. The use of 5-ISA allowed for achieving better efficiency of plant biofortification in iodine than the application of KIO3 and 3,5-diISA. The type of soil significantly modified the chemical composition of lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Smoleń
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Iwona Kowalska
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Skoczylas
- Department of Plant Product Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Tabaszewska
- Department of Plant Product Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Pitala
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Mrożek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Peter Kováčik
- Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia.
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Ragályi P, Takács T, Füzy A, Uzinger N, Dobosy P, Záray G, Szűcs-Vásárhelyi N, Rékási M. Effect of Se-Enriched Irrigation Water on the Biomass Production and Elemental Composition of Green Bean, Cabbage, Potato and Tomato. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102086. [PMID: 34685895 PMCID: PMC8537221 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Additional Selenium (Se) intake may be recommended in areas of Se deficiency to prevent various human diseases. One possibility for this is biofortification. In this experiment, the effect of irrigation water containing 100 and 500 µg L−1 Se, in the form of Na2SeO4, on green bean, cabbage, potato and tomato was investigated in a greenhouse pot experiment with sand, silty sand and silt soils. The chlorophyll content index was usually improved by Se and was significantly higher in potato in sand and silty sand and in tomato in silty sand and silt soils. The Se content of edible plant parts increased 63-fold in the 100 µg L−1 Se treatment and almost 400-fold in the 500 µg L−1 Se treatment, averaged over the four species and the three soils. Irrigation water with a Se content of 100 µg L−1 may be suitable for the production of functional food in the case of green beans, potatoes and tomatoes. However, due to its greater Se accumulation, cabbage should only be irrigated with a lower Se concentration. The use of Se-enriched irrigation water might be a suitable method for Se biofortification without a significant reduction in plant biomass production and without a remarkable modification of other macro- and microelement contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Ragályi
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. út 15., H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (P.R.); (N.U.); (N.S.-V.); (M.R.)
| | - Tünde Takács
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. út 15., H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (P.R.); (N.U.); (N.S.-V.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Anna Füzy
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. út 15., H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (P.R.); (N.U.); (N.S.-V.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Nikolett Uzinger
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. út 15., H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (P.R.); (N.U.); (N.S.-V.); (M.R.)
| | - Péter Dobosy
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29-31, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary; (P.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gyula Záray
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29-31, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary; (P.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Nóra Szűcs-Vásárhelyi
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. út 15., H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (P.R.); (N.U.); (N.S.-V.); (M.R.)
| | - Márk Rékási
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. út 15., H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (P.R.); (N.U.); (N.S.-V.); (M.R.)
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Rékási M, Ragályi P, Füzy A, Uzinger N, Dobosy P, Záray G, Szűcs-Vásárhelyi N, Makó A, Takács T. Effect of the Boron Concentration in Irrigation Water on the Elemental Composition of Edible Parts of Tomato, Green Bean, Potato, and Cabbage Grown on Soils With Different Textures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:658892. [PMID: 34194449 PMCID: PMC8236942 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.658892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The most important environmental source of boron (B) contamination is irrigation water. The data on the effect of B on the elemental composition in the edible parts of vegetables are scarce. A greenhouse pot experiment investigated the effect of irrigation water containing 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L B on the biomass, elemental (e.g., B, Mg, K, Fe, Cu, and Zn) composition, and photosynthetic parameters of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) plants grown on 10 kg of sand, silty sand, or silty soil. The biomass of the edible part was unaffected by B treatment. The soil type determined the effect of B irrigation on the elemental composition of vegetables. The B content increased by 19% in tomatoes grown on silty soil. The 0.1 mg/L B treatment facilitated tomato fruit ripening on all soils, and the 0.5 mg/L B treatment doubled its chlorophyll content index (CCI) on silty soil. The 0.5 mg/L B treatment negatively affected the nutritional value of green beans on all soils, decreasing the Fe and K contents by an average of 83 and 34%, respectively. The elemental composition of potato was unaffected by the treatments, but the CCI of potato leaves increased in the 0.5 mg/L B treatment by 26%. The B content was increased by 39% in cabbages grown on light-textured soils. In conclusion, B concentration of up to 0.5 mg/L in irrigation water had no significant beneficial or adverse effect on the investigated vegetables, but 0.1 mg/L B treatment could shorten tomato fruit maturation time on B-poor soils. The B levels in vegetables remained suitable for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márk Rékási
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ragályi
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Füzy
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Uzinger
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Dobosy
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Záray
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - András Makó
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Takács
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
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