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Iiyama CM, Vilcherrez-Atoche JA, Germanà MA, Vendrame WA, Cardoso JC. Breeding of ornamental orchids with focus on Phalaenopsis: current approaches, tools, and challenges for this century. Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 132:163-178. [PMID: 38302667 PMCID: PMC10997592 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ornamental orchid breeding programs have been conducted to develop commercially valuable cultivars with improved characteristics of commercial interest, such as size, flower color, pattern, shape, and resistance to pathogens. Conventional breeding, including sexual hybridization followed by selection of desirable characteristics in plants, has so far been the main method for ornamental breeding, but other techniques, including mutation induction by polyploidization and gamma irradiation, and biotechnological techniques, such as genetic transformation, have also been studied and used in ornamental breeding programs. Orchids are one of the most commercially important families in floriculture industry, having very particular reproductive biology characteristics and being a well-studied group of ornamentals in terms of genetic improvement. The present review focuses on the conventional and biotechnological techniques and approaches specially employed in breeding Phalaenopsis orchids, the genus with highest worldwide importance as an ornamental orchid, highlighting the main limitations and strengths of the approaches. Furthermore, new opportunities and future prospects for ornamental breeding in the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing era are also discussed. We conclude that conventional hybridization remains the most used method to obtain new cultivars in orchids. However, the emergence of the first biotechnology-derived cultivars, as well as the new biotechnological tools available, such as CRISPR-Cas9, rekindled the full potential of biotechnology approaches and their importance for improve ornamental orchid breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Midori Iiyama
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, Department of Biotechnology, Plant and Animal Production, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (CCA/UFSCar), Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174, CEP13600-970, Araras, SP, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Plant Production and Associated Bioprocesses, CCA/UFSCar, Araras, Brazil.
| | - Joe Abdul Vilcherrez-Atoche
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, Department of Biotechnology, Plant and Animal Production, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (CCA/UFSCar), Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174, CEP13600-970, Araras, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Plant Production and Associated Bioprocesses, CCA/UFSCar, Araras, Brazil
| | - Maria Antonietta Germanà
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Wagner Aparecido Vendrame
- Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, 2550 Hull Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jean Carlos Cardoso
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, Department of Biotechnology, Plant and Animal Production, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (CCA/UFSCar), Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174, CEP13600-970, Araras, SP, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Plant Production and Associated Bioprocesses, CCA/UFSCar, Araras, Brazil.
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Yang P, Sun Y, Sun X, Li Y, Wang L. Optimization of preparation and transformation of protoplasts from Populus simonii × P. nigra leaves and subcellular localization of the major latex protein 328 (MLP328). PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:3. [PMID: 38178205 PMCID: PMC10765669 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populus simonii × P. nigra is an ideal material for studying the molecular mechanisms of woody plants. In recent years, research on Populus simonii × P. nigra has increasingly focused on the application of transgenic technology to improve salt tolerance. However, the rapid characterization of gene functions has been hampered by the long growth cycle and exceedingly poor transformation efficiency. Protoplasts are an important tool for plant gene engineering, which can assist with challenging genetic transformation and the protracted growth cycle of Populus simonii × P. nigra. This study established an optimized system for the preparation and transformation of protoplasts from Populus simonii × P. nigra leaves, making genetic research on Populus simonii × P. nigra faster and more convenient. Major Latex Protein (MLP) family genes play a crucial role in plant salt stress response. In the previous study, we discovered that PsnMLP328 can be induced by salt treatment, which suggested that this gene may be involved in response to salt stress. Protein localization is a suggestion for its function. Therefore, we conducted subcellular localization analysis using protoplasts of Populus simonii × P. nigra to study the function of the PsnMLP328 gene preliminarily. RESULTS This study established an optimized system for the preparation and transformation of Populus simonii × P. nigra protoplasts. The research results indicate that the optimal separation scheme for the protoplasts of Populus simonii × P. nigra leaves included 2.5% cellulase R-10, 0.6% macerozyme R-10, 0.3% pectolyase Y-23, and 0.8 M mannitol. After enzymatic digestion for 5 h, the yield of obtained protoplasts could reach up to 2 × 107 protoplasts/gFW, with a high viability of 98%. We carried out the subcellular localization analysis based on the optimized transient transformation system, and the results indicated that the MLP328 protein is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm; thereby proving the effectiveness of the transformation system. CONCLUSION In summary, this study successfully established an efficient system for preparing and transforming leaf protoplasts of Populus simonii × P. nigra, laying the foundation for future research on gene function and expression of Populus simonii × P. nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Martins LGC, Fontes EPB. Replication Assay of Begomovirus in Arabidopsis Protoplasts. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2724:111-125. [PMID: 37987902 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3485-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Protoplasts are isolated plant cells from which the cell walls have been removed by treatment with fungal cellulase and macerozyme enzymes, which degrade the primary components of the cell wall. The protoplasts are totipotent, sensitive, and versatile; thereby, they have been extensively used to study signal transduction pathways, cell-autonomous responses, and replication of plant viruses. This system has several advantages over the use of whole plants for viral replication, including a high percentage of infected cells and uncoupling virus movement from replication assays. Here, we describe a simple and efficient protocol for begomovirus transfection and replication in Arabidopsis protoplasts. The method consists of four steps, (i) protoplast isolation, (ii) PEG-calcium transfection of begomovirus infectious clones, (iii) elimination of input plasmid DNA by DpnI digestion, and (iv) quantification of the viral newly synthesized DNA by qPCR. The protoplasts can be transformed efficiently with begomovirus infectious clones, and virus replication can be monitored by the accumulation of nascent viral DNA in the infected protoplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gonçalves Costa Martins
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth P B Fontes
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Zhu L, Xu W, Yao X, Chen L, Li G, Gu J, Chen L, Li Z, Wu H. Cell Wall Pectin Content Refers to Favored Delivery of Negatively Charged Carbon Dots in Leaf Cells. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23442-23454. [PMID: 37991776 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we systematically investigated how cell wall and cell wall components affect the delivery of charged carbon quantum dots (CDs, from -34 to +41 mV) to leaf cells of cucumber and Arabidopsis plants. Four different types of leaf cells in cucumber and Arabidopsis were used, i.e., protoplasts (without cell wall), isolated individual cells (cell wall hydrolyzed with pectinase), regenerated individual cells (cell wall regenerated from protoplast), and intact leaf cells (intact cell wall, in planta). Leaf cells were incubated with charged CDs (0.5 mg/mL) for 2 h. Confocal imaging results showed that protoplasts, regenerated individual cells, and leaf cells showed favored uptake of the negatively charged CDs (-34 mV) compared to the PEI (polyethylenimine) coated and positively charged carbon dots [PEI600-CDs (17 mV) and PEI10K-CDs (41 mV)], while in isolated individual cells, the trend is opposite. The results of the content of the cell wall components showed that no significant changes in the total cell wall content were found between isolated individual cells and regenerated individual cells (1.28 vs 1.11 mg/106 cells), while regenerated individual cells showed significant higher pectin content [water-soluble pectin (0.13 vs 0.06 mg/106 cells, P < 0.01), chelator-soluble pectin (0.04 vs 0.01 mg/106 cells, P < 0.01), and alkaline pectin (0.02 vs 0.01 mg/106 cells, P < 0.01)] and significant lower cellulose content (0.13 vs 0.32 mg/106 cells, P < 0.01) than the isolated individual cells. No difference of the hemicellulose content was found between isolated individual cells and regenerated individual cells (0.20 vs 0.21 mg/106 cells). Our results suggest that compared with cellulose and hemicellulose in the cell wall, the pectin is a more important factor referring to the favored uptake of negatively charged carbon dots in leaf cells. Overall, this work provides a method to study the role of cell wall components in the uptake of nanoparticles in plant cells and also points out the importance of understanding the interactions between cell barriers and nanoparticles to design nanoparticles for agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xue Yao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangjing Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiangjiang Gu
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Honghong Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
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Chen K, Chen J, Pi X, Huang LJ, Li N. Isolation, Purification, and Application of Protoplasts and Transient Expression Systems in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16892. [PMID: 38069215 PMCID: PMC10706244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protoplasts, derived from plant cells, exhibit remarkable totipotency and hold significant value across a wide spectrum of biological and biotechnological applications. These versatile applications encompass protein subcellular localization and interaction analysis, gene expression regulation, functional characterization, gene editing techniques, and single-cell sequencing. Protoplasts' usability stems from their inherent accessibility and their ability to efficiently incorporate exogenous genes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview, including details on isolation procedures and influencing factors, purification and viability assessment methodologies, and the utilization of the protoplast transient expression system. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of current applications and offer valuable insights into protoplast isolation and the establishment of transient expression systems in a diverse range of plant species, thereby serving as a valuable resource for the plant science community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xin Pi
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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Wei Y, Jin J, Lin Z, Lu C, Gao J, Li J, Xie Q, Zhu W, Zhu G, Yang F. Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Molecular Characterization of the CONSTANS-like Gene Family in Seven Orchid Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16825. [PMID: 38069148 PMCID: PMC10706594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The orchid is one of the most distinctive and highly valued flowering plants. Nevertheless, the CONSTANS-like (COL) gene family plays significant roles in the control of flowering, and its functions in Orchidaceae have been minimally explored. This research identified 68 potential COL genes within seven orchids' complete genome, divided into three groups (groups I, II, and III) via a phylogenetic tree. The modeled three-dimensional structure and the conserved domains exhibited a high degree of similarity among the orchid COL proteins. The selection pressure analysis showed that all orchid COLs suffered a strong purifying selection. Furthermore, the orchid COL genes exhibited functional and structural heterogeneity in terms of collinearity, gene structure, cis-acting elements within their promoters, and expression patterns. Moreover, we identified 50 genes in orchids with a homology to those involved in the COL transcriptional regulatory network in Arabidopsis. Additionally, the first overexpression of CsiCOL05 and CsiCOL09 in Cymbidium sinense protoplasts suggests that they may antagonize the regulation of flowering time and gynostemium development. Our study will undoubtedly provide new resources, ideas, and values for the modern breeding of orchids and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fengxi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (J.J.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.G.); (J.L.); (Q.X.); (W.Z.); (G.Z.)
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7
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Tian YH, Liu M, Tang L, Zhang YJ, Hang Y, Shangguan LY, Zhang YQ, Zhang MS. Establishment of protoplasts transient expression system in Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1381-1391. [PMID: 37589824 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we established an efficient and rapid transient expression system in the protoplasts of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (P. ternata). RESULTS The protoplasts of P. ternata were prepared from plant leaves as the source material by digesting them with the combination of 20 g·l-1 cellulase and 15 g·l-1 macerozyme for 6 h. Based on the screening of PEG concentration, the conditions for PEG-mediated protoplast transformation were improved, and the highest transformation efficiency was found for 40% PEG 4000. Furthermore, we used the subcellular protein localization technique in P. ternata protoplasts to allow further validation of transient expression system. CONCLUSIONS We present the method that can be applicable for studying both gene verification and expression in P. ternata protoplasts, thus allowing for engineering the improved varieties of P. ternata through molecular plant breeding techniques. This method can also be widely applicable for analyzing protein interactions, detecting promoter activity, for somatic cell fusion in plant breeding, as well as for other related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liu Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yu-Jin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ye Hang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Li-Yang Shangguan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yin-Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Sanchez Carrillo IB, Hoffmann PC, Barff T, Beck M, Germain H. Preparing Arabidopsis thaliana root protoplasts for cryo electron tomography. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1261180. [PMID: 37810374 PMCID: PMC10556516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1261180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of protoplasts in plant biology has become a convenient tool for the application of transient gene expression. This model system has allowed the study of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, protein location and trafficking, cell wall dynamics, and single-cell transcriptomics, among others. Although well-established protocols for isolating protoplasts from different plant tissues are available, they have never been used for studying plant cells using cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and cryo electron tomography (cryo-ET). Here we describe a workflow to prepare root protoplasts from Arabidopsis thaliana plants for cryo-ET. The process includes protoplast isolation and vitrification on EM grids, and cryo-focused ion beam milling (cryo-FIB), with the aim of tilt series acquisition. The whole workflow, from growing the plants to the acquisition of the tilt series, may take a few months. Our protocol provides a novel application to use plant protoplasts as a tool for cryo-ET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick C. Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Sociology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Teura Barff
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Beck
- Department of Molecular Sociology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hugo Germain
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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Stajič E. Improvements in Protoplast Isolation Protocol and Regeneration of Different Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3074. [PMID: 37687321 PMCID: PMC10489862 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Protoplasts are a versatile tool in plant biotechnology since they can be used for basic biological studies as well as for breeding strategies based on genome editing. An efficient protoplast isolation protocol is essential for conducting protoplast-based studies. To optimize the protoplast isolation protocol in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), different enzyme solutions were tested for the isolation of leaf mesophyll protoplasts. In our experiments, the combination of 0.5% Cellulase Onozuka RS and 0.1% Macerozyme R-10 showed the best result. The optimized protocol proved suitable for the isolation of protoplasts from five different cabbage cultivars with yields ranging from 2.38 to 4.63 × 106 protoplasts/g fresh weight (fw) and a viability of 93% or more. After three weeks in culture, protoplasts from all of the tested cultivars formed micro-calli, but further callus growth and shoot regeneration depended strongly on the genotype and regeneration protocol used. For shoot formation, 1 mg/L BAP in combination with auxin 0.2 mg/L NAA showed the best results with a regeneration of 23.5%. The results obtained will contribute to the development of different applications of cabbage protoplasts and facilitate the breeding process of this important horticultural crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Stajič
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Wang L, Liu H, Liu P, Wu G, Shen W, Cui H, Dai Z. Cotyledon peeling method for passion fruit protoplasts: a versatile cell system for transient gene expression in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236838. [PMID: 37636087 PMCID: PMC10449601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is a perennial evergreen vine that grows mainly in tropical and subtropical regions due to its nutritional, medicinal and ornamental values. However, the molecular biology study of passion fruit is extremely hindered by the lack of an easy and efficient method for transformation. The protoplast transformation system plays a vital role in plant regeneration, gene function analysis and genome editing. Here, we present a new method ('Cotyledon Peeling Method') for simple and efficient passion fruit protoplast isolation using cotyledon as the source tissue. A high yield (2.3 × 107 protoplasts per gram of fresh tissues) and viability (76%) of protoplasts were obtained upon incubation in the enzyme solution [1% (w/v) cellulase R10, 0.25% (w/v) macerozyme R10, 0.4 M mannitol, 10 mM CaCl2, 20 mM KCl, 20 mM MES and 0.1% (w/v) BSA, pH 5.7] for 2 hours. In addition, we achieved high transfection efficiency of 83% via the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation with a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged plasmid upon optimization. The crucial factors affecting transformation efficiency were optimized as follows: 3 μg of plasmid DNA, 5 min transfection time, PEG concentration at 40% and protoplast density of 100 × 104 cells/ml. Furthermore, the established protoplast system was successfully applied for subcellular localization analysis of multiple fluorescent organelle markers and protein-protein interaction study. Taken together, we report a simple and efficient passion fruit protoplast isolation and transformation system, and demonstrate its usage in transient gene expression for the first time in passion fruit. The protoplast system would provide essential support for various passion fruit biology studies, including genome editing, gene function analysis and whole plant regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Haobin Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Peilan Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhaoji Dai
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Luan A, Zhang W, Yang M, Zhong Z, Wu J, He Y, He J. Unveiling the molecular mechanism involving anthocyanins in pineapple peel discoloration during fruit maturation. Food Chem 2023; 412:135482. [PMID: 36753941 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Peel color is a key factor that affects the fruit's aesthetic and economic values. Limited knowledge is available on the regulation of pineapple peel discoloration. Here, we report that a decrease in anthocyanin biosynthesis, particularly cyanidin, is predominantly associated with the pineapple peel color change during maturation. The findings suggest that the changes in the expression of key structural genes (early and late biosynthetic genes) of the anthocyanin (cyanidin) biosynthesis pathway are responsible for peel discoloration. Based on a gene co-expression analysis and a transient expression, two transcription factors i.e., AcHOX21 and AcMYB12, were identified, whose' downregulation leads to reduced anthocyanin accumulation with fruit maturation. The endogenous levels of jasmonic acid, gibberellic acid, and auxins are also involved in anthocyanin-content-led peel discoloration. Overall, the discovery of genes regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in pineapple peel provides a theoretical basis for improving the fruit's aesthetic value through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Luan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingzhe Yang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqin Zhong
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yehua He
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junhu He
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou 571101, China.
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Han X, Rong H, Feng Y, Xin Y, Luan X, Zhou Q, Xu M, Xu LA. Protoplast isolation and transient transformation system for Ginkgo biloba L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145754. [PMID: 37063206 PMCID: PMC10099357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. has a unique evolutionary status. Owing to its high medicinal and ornamental value, ginkgo has also recently become a research hotspot. However, the large genome and long juvenile period, as well as the lack of an effective genetic transformation system, have hindered gaining a full understanding of the comprehensive functions of ginkgo genes. At present, heterologous expression of genes in model plants is the primary method used in ginkgo-related research; however, these distant plant model relatives limit reliable interpretation of the results for direct applications in ginkgo breeding. To overcome these limitations, in this study, an efficient isolation and transient expression system for ginkgo protoplasts was established. A large number of intact and homogeneous ginkgo mesophyll protoplasts were isolated using 2% cellulase and 0.25% pectinase in 0.4 M mannitol. The activity of these protoplasts remained above 90% even after 24 h. Furthermore, when the concentration of the polyethylene glycol 4000 solution was 30%-40% (w/v), the transformation efficiency of the protoplasts reached 40%. Finally, the reliability of the system was verified using subcellular localization, transient overexpression, and protein interaction experiments with ginkgo genes, thereby providing a technical platform for the identification and analysis of ginkgo gene functions. The proposed method partially compensates for the limitations associated with the lack of a genetic transformation system and provides technical support to expand research on elucidating the functions of ginkgo genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Han
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Rong
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yining Feng
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Xin
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Luan
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-an Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Chang B, Zhao L, Feng Z, Wei F, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Huo P, Cheng Y, Zhou J, Feng H. Galactosyltransferase GhRFS6 interacting with GhOPR9 involved in defense against Verticillium wilt in cotton. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111582. [PMID: 36632889 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae causes Verticillium wilt (VW), one of the most devastating diseases of cotton. In a previous study showed that GhOPR9 played a positive role in resistance of cotton to VW through the regulation of the Jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. Furtherly, we also found that GhOPR9 interacted with a sucrose galactosyltransferase GhRFS6. Raffinose synthase (RFS) plays a key role in plant innate immunity, including the abiotic stress of drought, darkness. However, there were few reports on the effects of RFS on biotic stress. In this study, we verified the function of GhRFS6 to VW. The expression analysis showed that the GhRFS6 may be regulated by various stresses, and it was upregulated under Vd076 and Vd991 pressures. Inhibition of GhRFS6 expression, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, lignin content, cell wall thickness and a series of defense responses were decreased, and the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae was decreased. In addition, this study showed that GhRFS6 has glycosyltransferase activity and can participate in the regulation of α-galactosidase activity and raffinose and inositol synthesis. And that galactose was accumulated in cotton roots after GhRFS6 silencing, which is beneficial for the colonization and growth of V. dahliae. Furthermore, overexpression of GhRFS6 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced plant resistance to V. dahliae. In GUS staining, the promoter expression position of GhRFS6 was also altered after V. dahliae infection. Meanwhile, GhRFS6 has also been shown to resist VW through the regulation of the JA pathway. These results suggest that GhRFS6 is a potential molecular target for improving cotton resistance to VW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Chang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Peng Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Jinglong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hongjie Feng
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, China.
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Kang H, Naing AH, Park SK, Chung MY, Kim CK. Protoplast isolation and transient gene expression in different petunia cultivars. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:271-280. [PMID: 35622155 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The protocol optimized for Petunia hybrida cv. Mirage Rose produced high protoplast yields in 3 out of other 11 cultivars (Damask White, Dreams White, and Opera Supreme White). Factors optimized in the protoplast transfection process showed that the best transfection efficiency (80%) was obtained using 2.5 × 105 protoplast density, 40% polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration, 10 µg plasmid DNA, and 15 min of transfection time. Assessing the usability of the protocol for other cultivars (Damask White, Dreams White, and Opera Supreme White), a reasonable protoplast transfection efficiency (⁓50%) was observed in the cultivars Dreams White and Opera Supreme White, with lower efficiency (⁓50%) observed in the cv. Damask White. The transient expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in the nucleus of the transfected protoplasts of all cultivars was confirmed using PCR. This system could be valuable for genome editing of unwanted genes in petunias using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) technology. Furthermore, it could contribute to other studies on protein subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions, and functional gene expression in the petunias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhee Kang
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Mi Young Chung
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea.
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15
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Li S, Zhao R, Ye T, Guan R, Xu L, Ma X, Zhang J, Xiao S, Yuan D. Isolation, purification and PEG-mediated transient expression of mesophyll protoplasts in Camellia oleifera. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:141. [PMID: 36550558 PMCID: PMC9773467 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camellia oleifera (C. oleifera) is a woody edible oil crop of great economic importance. Because of the lack of modern biotechnology research, C. oleifera faces huge challenges in both breeding and basic research. The protoplast and transient transformation system plays an important role in biological breeding, plant regeneration and somatic cell fusion. The objective of this present study was to develop a highly efficient protocol for isolating and purifying mesophyll protoplasts and transient transformation of C. oleifera. Several critical factors for mesophyll protoplast isolation from C. oleifera, including starting material (leaf age), pretreatment, enzymatic treatment (type of enzyme, concentration and digestion time), osmotic pressure and purification were optimized. Then the factors affecting the transient transformation rate of mesophyll protoplasts such as PEG molecular weights, PEG4000 concentration, plasmid concentration and incubation time were explored. RESULTS The in vitro grown seedlings of C. oleifera 'Huashuo' were treated in the dark for 24 h, then the 1st to 2nd true leaves were picked and vacuumed at - 0.07 MPa for 20 min. The maximum yield (3.5 × 107/g·FW) and viability (90.9%) of protoplast were reached when the 1st to 2nd true leaves were digested in the enzymatic solution containing1.5% (w/v) Cellulase R-10, 0.5% (w/v) Macerozyme R-10 and 0.25% (w/v) Snailase and 0.4 M mannitol for 10 h. Moreover, the protoplast isolation method was also applicable to the other two cultivars, the protoplast yield for 'TXP14' and 'DP47' was 1.1 × 107/g·FW and 2.6 × 107/g·FW, the protoplast viability for 'TXP14' and 'DP47' was 90.0% and 88.2%. The purification effect was the best when using W buffer as a cleaning agent by centrifugal precipitation. The maximum transfection efficiency (70.6%) was obtained with the incubation of the protoplasts with 15 µg plasmid and 40% PEG4000 for 20 min. CONCLUSION In summary, a simple and efficient system for isolation and transient transformation of C. oleifera mesophyll protoplast is proposed, which is of great significance in various aspects of C. oleifera research, including the study of somatic cell fusion, genome editing, protein function, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and multi-omics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Tianwen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, 23053, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Linjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Shixin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Deyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
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16
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Mukami A, Juma BS, Mweu C, Ngugi M, Oduor R, Mbinda WM. Plant regeneration from leaf mesophyll derived protoplasts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278717. [PMID: 36454974 PMCID: PMC9714804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A high yield of isolated protoplast and reliable regeneration system are prerequisite for successful somatic hybridization and genome editing research. However, reproducible plant regeneration from protoplasts remains a bottleneck for many crops, including cassava. We evaluated several factors that influence isolation of viable protoplasts form leaf mesophyll, induction of embryogenic calli, and regeneration of plants in three cassava cultivars; Muchericheri, TMS60444 and Karibuni. A relatively higher protoplast yield was obtained with enzyme mixture containing 5 g/L Macerozyme and 10 g/L cellulase. Muchericheri recorded relatively higher protoplast yield of 20.50±0.50×106 whereas TMS60444 (10.25±0.25×106) had the least protoplast yield in 10 g/L cellulase and 4 g/L cellulase. Freshly isolated protoplast cells were plated on callus induction medium (CIM) solid medium containing MS basal salt, 60 g/L D-glucose, 30 g/L sucrose, B5 vitamins, 100 mg/L myo-inositol, 0.5 mg/L copper sulphate, 100 mg/L casein hydrolysate, 4.55 g/L mannitol, 0.1 g/L MES, 10 mg/L picloram and 3 g/L gelrite to induce protoplast growth and development. The three cultivars reached colony formation but no further development was observed in this culture method. Protoplast growth and development was further evaluated in suspension culture using varying cell densities (1, 2 and 3× 105 p/mL). Development with highest number of minicalli was observed in cell density of 3× 105 p/mL. Minicalli obtained were cultured on CIM supplemented with 10mg/L picloram. Callus induction was observed in all cell densities with the cultivars. Highest somatic embryogenesis was observed in 2× 105 p/ml while no somatic embryogenesis was observed in cell density of 1×105 p/mL. Somatic embryos were matured in EMM medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BAP, 0.02 mg/L NAA and 1.5 mg/L GA3 then germinated in hormone free medium for plant regeneration. This protocol which used simple mixture of commercial enzymes is highly reproducible and can be applied in biotechnology research on cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asunta Mukami
- Department of Life Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
| | - Bicko Steve Juma
- Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cecilia Mweu
- Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Richard Oduor
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wilton Mwema Mbinda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- Pwani University Biosciences Research Centre (PUBReC), Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- * E-mail: ,
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Xia K, Zhang D, Xu X, Liu G, Yang Y, Chen Z, Wang X, Zhang GQ, Sun HX, Gu Y. Protoplast technology enables the identification of efficient multiplex genome editing tools in Phalaenopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111368. [PMID: 35780949 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phalaenopsis orchids are popular ornamental plants worldwide. The application and optimization of efficient CRISPR-Cas genome editing toolkits in Phalaenopsis greatly accelerate the development of orchid gene function and breeding research. However, these methods are greatly hindered by the deficiency of a rapid screening system. In this study, we established a fast and convenient Phalaenopsis protoplast technology for the identification of functional genome editing tools. Two multiplex genome editing tools, PTG-Cas9-HPG (PTG, polycistronic tRNA-gRNA) system and RMC-Cpf1-HPG (RMC, ribozyme-based multi-crRNA) system, were developed for Phalaenopsis genome editing and further evaluated by established protoplast technology. We successfully detected various editing events comprising substitution and indel at designed target sites of the PDS gene and MADS gene, showing that both PTG-Cas9-HPG and RMC-Cpf1-HPG multiplex genome editing systems are functional in Phalaenopsis. Additionally, by optimizing the promoter that drives Cpf1 expression, we found that Super promoter can significantly improve the editing efficiency of the RMC-Cpf1-HPG system. Altogether, we successfully developed two efficient multiplex genome editing systems, PTG-Cas9-HPG and RMC-Cpf1-HPG, for Phalaenopsis, and the established protoplast-based screening technology provides a valuable foundation for developing more diverse and efficient genome editing toolkits and facilitating the development of orchid precision breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Xia
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | | | - Xiaojing Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Yong Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | | | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China, Shenzhen 518114, China
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Beijing, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.
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18
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An Efficient and Universal Protoplast Isolation Protocol Suitable for Transient Gene Expression Analysis and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073419. [PMID: 35408780 PMCID: PMC8998730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled access to the developmental landscape of a complex organ by monitoring the differentiation trajectory of every specialized cell type at the single-cell level. A main challenge in this endeavor is dissociating plant cells from the rigid cell walls and some species are recalcitrant to such cellular isolation. Here, we describe the establishment of a simple and efficient protocol for protoplast preparation in Chirita pumila, which includes two consecutive digestion processes with different enzymatic buffers. Using this protocol, we generated viable cell suspensions suitable for an array of expression analyses, including scRNA-seq. The universal application of this protocol was further tested by successfully isolating high-quality protoplasts from multiple organs (petals, fruits, tuberous roots, and gynophores) from representative species on the key branches of the angiosperm lineage. This work provides a robust method in plant science, overcoming barriers to isolating protoplasts in diverse plant species and opens a new avenue to study cell type specification, tissue function, and organ diversification in plants.
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19
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Guo M, Chen H, Dong S, Zhang Z, Luo H. CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology and its application prospect in medicinal plants. Chin Med 2022; 17:33. [PMID: 35246186 PMCID: PMC8894546 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas gene editing technology has opened a new era of genome interrogation and genome engineering because of its ease operation and high efficiency. An increasing number of plant species have been subjected to site-directed gene editing through this technology. However, the application of CRISPR-Cas technology to medicinal plants is still in the early stages. Here, we review the research history, structural characteristics, working mechanism and the latest derivatives of CRISPR-Cas technology, and discussed their application in medicinal plants for the first time. Furthermore, we creatively put forward the development direction of CRISPR technology applied to medicinal plant gene editing. The aim is to provide a reference for the application of this technology to genome functional studies, synthetic biology, genetic improvement, and germplasm innovation of medicinal plants. CRISPR-Cas is expected to revolutionize medicinal plant biotechnology in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxian Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuting Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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20
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Yang F, Gao J, Wei Y, Ren R, Zhang G, Lu C, Jin J, Ai Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Ahmad S, Zhang D, Sun W, Tsai W, Liu Z, Zhu G. The genome of Cymbidium sinense revealed the evolution of orchid traits. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2501-2516. [PMID: 34342129 PMCID: PMC8633513 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Orchidaceae is of economic and ecological importance and constitutes ˜10% of all seed plant species. Here, we report a genome physical map for Cymbidium sinense, a well-known species belonging to genus Cymbidium that has thousands of natural variation varieties of flower organs, flower and leaf colours and also referred as the King of Fragrance, which make it arose into a unique cultural symbol in China. The high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly was 3.52 Gb in size, 29 638 protein-coding genes were predicted, and evidence for whole-genome duplication shared with other orchids was provided. Marked amplification of cytochrome- and photosystem-related genes was observed, which was consistent with the shade tolerance and dark green leaves of C. sinense. Extensive duplication of MADS-box genes, and the resulting subfunctional and expressional differentiation, was associated with regulation of species-specific flower traits, including wild-type and mutant-type floral patterning, seasonal flowering and ecological adaption. CsSEP4 was originally found to positively regulate gynostemium development. The CsSVP genes and their interaction proteins CsAP1 and CsSOC1 were significantly expanded and involved in the regulation of low-temperature-dependent flowering. Important genetic clues to the colourful leaf traits, purple-black flowers and volatile trait in C. sinense were also found. The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of important phenotypic traits of Cymbidium and its evolution and serve as a powerful platform for future evolutionary studies and molecular breeding of orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Xi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yong‐Lu Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Rui Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and UtilizationThe Orchid Conservation and Research Center of ShenzhenThe National Orchid Conservation Center of ChinaShenzhenChina
| | - Chu‐Qiao Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian‐Peng Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Ye Ai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape ArchitectureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ya‐Qin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li‐Jun Chen
- Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and UtilizationThe Orchid Conservation and Research Center of ShenzhenThe National Orchid Conservation Center of ChinaShenzhenChina
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Di‐Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape ArchitectureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Wei‐Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape ArchitectureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Chieh Tsai
- Orchid Research and Development CenterNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and MicrobiologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Zhong‐Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape ArchitectureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Gen‐Fa Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
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Li S, Liu Z, Chen G, Qanmber G, Lu L, Zhang J, Ma S, Yang Z, Li F. Identification and Analysis of GhEXO Gene Family Indicated That GhEXO7_At Promotes Plant Growth and Development Through Brassinosteroid Signaling in Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:719889. [PMID: 34603349 PMCID: PMC8481617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.719889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs), an efficient plant endogenous hormone, significantly promotes plant nutrient growth adapting to biological and abiotic adversities. BRs mainly promote plant cell elongation by regulating gene expression patterns. EXORDIUM (EXO) genes have been characterized as the indicators of BR response genes. Cotton, an ancient crop, is of great economic value and its fibers can be made into all kinds of fabrics. However, EXO gene family genes have not been full identified in cotton. 175 EXO genes were identified in nine plant species, of which 39 GhEXO genes in Gossypium hirsutum in our study. A phylogenetic analysis grouped all of the proteins encoded by the EXO genes into five major clades. Sequence identification of conserved amino acid residues among monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species showed a high level of conservation across the N and C terminal regions. Only 25% the GhEXO genes contain introns besides conserved gene structure and protein motifs distribution. The 39 GhEXO genes were unevenly distributed on the 18 At and Dt sub-genome chromosomes. Most of the GhEXO genes were derived from gene duplication events, while only three genes showed evidence of tandem duplication. Homologous locus relationships showed that 15 GhEXO genes are located on collinear blocks and that all orthologous/paralogous gene pairs had Ka > Ks values, indicating purifying selection pressure. The GhEXO genes showed ubiquitous expression in all eight tested cotton tissues and following exposure to three phytohormones, IAA, GA, and BL. Furthermore, GhEXO7_At was mainly expressed in response to BL treatment, and was predominantly expressed in the fibers. GhEXO7_At was found to be a plasma membrane protein, and its ectopic expression in Arabidopsis mediated BR-regulated plant growth and development with altered expression of DWF4, CPD, KCS1, and EXP5. Additionally, the functions of GhEXO7_At were confirmed by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in cotton. This study will provide important genetic resources for future cotton breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Chen
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Lili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Saint John Paul the Great Catholic High School, Dumfries, VA, United States
| | - Shuya Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zuoren Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
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22
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Xu XF, Zhu HY, Ren YF, Feng C, Ye ZH, Cai HM, Wan XC, Peng CY. Efficient isolation and purification of tissue-specific protoplasts from tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:84. [PMID: 34325718 PMCID: PMC8323221 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant protoplasts constitute unique single-cell systems that can be subjected to genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analysis. An effective and sustainable method for preparing protoplasts from tea plants has yet to be established. The protoplasts were osmotically isolated, and the isolation and purification procedures were optimized. Various potential factors affecting protoplast preparation, including enzymatic composition and type, enzymatic hydrolysis duration, mannitol concentration in the enzyme solution, and iodixanol concentration, were evaluated. RESULTS The optimal conditions were 1.5% (w/v) cellulase and 0.4-0.6% (w/v) macerozyme in a solution containing 0.4 M mannitol, enzymatic hydrolysis over 10 h, and an iodixanol concentration of 65%. The highest protoplast yield was 3.27 × 106 protoplasts g-1 fresh weight. As determined through fluorescein diacetate staining, maximal cell viability was 92.94%. The isolated protoplasts were round and regularly shaped without agglomeration, and they were less than 20 μm in diameter. Differences in preparation, with regard to yield and viability in the tissues (roots, branches, and leaves), cultivars, and cultivation method, were also observed. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we reported on a simple, efficient method for preparing protoplasts of whole-organ tissue from tea plant. The findings are expected to contribute to the rapid development of tea plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Feng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Mei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Yi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Son S, Kwon M, Im JH. A New Approach for Wounding Research: MYC2 Gene Expression and Protein Stability in Wounded Arabidopsis Protoplasts. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081518. [PMID: 34451563 PMCID: PMC8399638 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wounding is a constant threat to plant survival throughout their lifespan; therefore, understanding the biological responses to wounds at the cellular level is important. The protoplast system is versatile for molecular biology, however, no wounding studies on this system have been reported. We established a new approach for wounding research using mechanically damaged Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. Wounded protoplasts showed typical wounding responses, such as increased MPK6 kinase activity and upregulated JAZ1 expression. We also assessed expression profiles and protein stability of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MYC2 in wounded protoplasts. Promoter activity, gene expression, and protein stability of MYC2 were compromised, but recovered in the early stage of wounding. In the late stage, the promoter activity and expression of MYC2 were increased, but the protein stability was not changed. According to the results of the present study, this new cell-based approach will be of use in various molecular studies on plant wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Son
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136701, Korea;
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Miye Kwon
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute (JBRI), Jeju Technopark (JTP), Jeju 63608, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.H.I.); Tel.: +82-64-720-2817 (M.K.); +1-517-353-0458 (J.H.I.)
| | - Jong Hee Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136701, Korea;
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.H.I.); Tel.: +82-64-720-2817 (M.K.); +1-517-353-0458 (J.H.I.)
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