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Rahimi M, Mortazavi M, Mianabadi A, Debnath S. Evaluation of basil (Ocimum basilicum) accessions under different drought conditions based on yield and physio-biochemical traits. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:523. [PMID: 37891460 PMCID: PMC10612340 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basil is one of the most famous herbs, which has broad usage as a fresh vegetable and therapeutic and pharmaceutical services. The main abiotic stress limiting basil production globally is drought. As a result, appropriate drought screening-which effectively separates high-yielding but drought-sensitive genotypes from drought-tolerant genotypes-is necessary for the optimal selection of high-yielding basil cultivars under drought stress conditions. So, a split plot experiment with three replications based on a completely randomized design were carried out in a pot under field conditions for this investigation. Water levels (full irrigation or control, moderate stress, and severe stress) were assigned as main plots, while 22 basil accessions were given as sub-plots. In this study, leaf yield as well as physio-biochemical traits had measured on accessions. RESULTS Our results revealed large variation in yield, essential oil (%), protein, proline, chlorophyll, total phenol and flavonoids traits across the 22 accessions. The percentage of leaf yield reduction in moderate drought stress than normal conditions showed that G1 (-6.5%), G17 (-7.05%), G20 (-9.01%), and G12 (-10.9%) accessions had the least changes, respectively. Although in severe drought stress than normal conditions, the G1 (-32.01%), G12 (-33.12%), G4 (-33.24%), G7 (-34.11%), and G17 (-34.93%) accessions had the least amount of change in plant leaf yield, respectively. Furthermore, the highest yield reduction occurred in moderate and severe stress conditions in G18 (-25.36%) and G8 (-42.98%) accessions, respectively. Cluster analysis based on the ward method in both conditions (moderate and severe drought conditions) placed the accessions in three groups, and accessions were identified as tolerant, whose average traits in that group were higher than the total average. The principal component analysis also showed that in moderate drought conditions, the first two components explained about 95.28% of the total variation, while in severe drought conditions, these two components explained about 96.37% of the total variation. CONCLUSIONS The different multivariate analyses (cluster analysis, PCA, mean comparison) were used to identify tolerant and sensitive accessions based on all traits. The accessions G3, G4, G6, and G7 were found to be tolerant to stress, while G10, G15, G16, and G20 were found to be sensitive to drought. These accessions are a useful step in producing drought-tolerant, high-yielding accessions and can be utilized in breeding programs for basil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Mortazavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ameneh Mianabadi
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sandip Debnath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, PalliSiksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, 731236, India
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Gupta A, Kaur L, Kaur G. Drought stress detection technique for wheat crop using machine learning. PeerJ Comput Sci 2023; 9:e1268. [PMID: 37346648 PMCID: PMC10280683 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The workflow of this research is based on numerous hypotheses involving the usage of pre-processing methods, wheat canopy segmentation methods, and whether the existing models from the past research can be adapted to classify wheat crop water stress. Hence, to construct an automation model for water stress detection, it was found that pre-processing operations known as total variation with L1 data fidelity term (TV-L1) denoising with a Primal-Dual algorithm and min-max contrast stretching are most useful. For wheat canopy segmentation curve fit based K-means algorithm (Cfit-kmeans) was also validated for the most accurate segmentation using intersection over union metric. For automated water stress detection, rapid prototyping of machine learning models revealed that there is a need only to explore nine models. After extensive grid search-based hyper-parameter tuning of machine learning algorithms and 10 K fold cross validation it was found that out of nine different machine algorithms tested, the random forest algorithm has the highest global diagnostic accuracy of 91.164% and is the most suitable for constructing water stress detection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Computer Science and Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Lakhwinder Kaur
- Computer Science and Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gurmeet Kaur
- Electronics and Communication Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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3
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Quan L, Chen K, Chen T, Li H, Li W, Cheng T, Xia F, Lou Z, Geng T, Sun D, Jiang W. Monitoring weed mechanical and chemical damage stress based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1188981. [PMID: 37255557 PMCID: PMC10225704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1188981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, mechanical and chemical damage is the main way to carry out weed control. The use of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) technology to nondestructively monitor the stress physiological state of weeds is significant to reveal the damage mechanism of mechanical and chemical stresses as well as complex stresses. Under simulated real field environmental conditions, different species and leaf age weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis 2-5 leaf age, and Erigeron canadensis 5-10 leaf age) were subjected to experimental treatments for 1-7 days, and fluorescence parameters were measured every 24 h using a chlorophyll fluorometer. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in CF parameters of different species of weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis, Erigeron canadensis) at their different stress sites under chemical, mechanical and their combined stresses. The results showed that when weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis and Erigeron canadensis) were chemically stressed in different parts, their leaf back parts were the most severely stressed after 7 days, with photosynthetic inhibition reaching R=75%. In contrast, mechanical stress differs from its changes, and after a period of its stress, each parameter recovers somewhat after 1 to 2 days of stress, with heavy mechanical stress R=11%. Complex stress had the most significant effect on CF parameters, mainly in the timing and efficiency of changes in Fv/Fm, Fq'/Fm', ETR, Rfd, NPQ and Y(NO), with R reaching 71%-73% after only 3-4 days of complex stress, and its changes in complex stress were basically consistent with the pattern of changes in its chemical stress. The results of the study will help to understand the effects of mechanical and chemical stresses and combined stresses on CF parameters of weeds and serve as a guide for efficient weed control operations and conducting weed control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhe Quan
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Keyong Chen
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianbao Chen
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hailong Li
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenchang Li
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianyu Cheng
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fulin Xia
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Lou
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyu Geng
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Deng Sun
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Habuš Jerčić I, Bošnjak Mihovilović A, Matković Stanković A, Lazarević B, Goreta Ban S, Ban D, Major N, Tomaz I, Banjavčić Z, Kereša S. Garlic Ecotypes Utilise Different Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms to Cope with Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091824. [PMID: 37176881 PMCID: PMC10180593 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought negatively affects plants by altering morphological, physiological and metabolic processes and ultimately reducing yields. Garlic (Allium sativum L.), an important member of the Alliaceae family, is also sensitive to drought and maximizing the yield of garlic bulbs is largely dependent on water availability. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of drought stress on morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as on phenolic, sugar, inulin and free amino acid content and antioxidant activity in two Croatian garlic ecotypes, 'Istarski crveni' (IC) and Istarski bijeli (IB). Drought was induced by using polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) solution (-0.6 MPa) starting 21 days after clove planting and lasted for 20 days. Drought reduced plant height, number of leaves and plant weight, but increased root length in both ecotypes compared to the control treatment. Among the physiological parameters, significant differences were observed between the two ecotypes studied in the spectral characteristics of the leaves, namely reflection in red, green and blue, VAL, values of the vegetation indices related to the chlorophyll content (CHI, GI), and the anthocyanin content (ARI). Ecotype IC showed higher antioxidant activity in the control treatment due to higher total phenolic content (TPC), but under drought conditions higher DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined in ecotype IB and higher values of FRAP in IC. Sucrose and glucose generally decreased under drought, while inulin increased in IB but decreased in IC. Total free amino acid content increased under drought in both ecotypes. In conclusion, drought tolerance of IB might be associated with increased accumulation of inulin and higher levels of amino acids, especially those shown to contribute to drought resistance. In IC, drought tolerance is associated with an increase in some amino acid compounds and better root growth in depth, probably due to a more efficient translocation of sucrose to the underground part of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Habuš Jerčić
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Bošnjak Mihovilović
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Matković Stanković
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Smiljana Goreta Ban
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Dean Ban
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Nikola Major
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tomaz
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Banjavčić
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Kereša
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Wu Q, Chen Y, Zou W, Pan YB, Lin P, Xu L, Grisham MP, Ding Q, Su Y, Que Y. Genome-wide characterization of sugarcane catalase gene family identifies a ScCAT1 gene associated disease resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123398. [PMID: 36702220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In plants, catalase (CAT) mainly scavenges H2O2 from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulates the growth and development. So far, genome-wide identification of CAT gene family in Saccharum has not yet been reported. Here, 16 SsCAT genes were identified based on a Saccharum spontaneum genome. They were clustered into three subfamilies, with closer genes sharing similar structures. Most SsCAT proteins contained three conserved amino acids, one active catalytic site, one heme-ligand signature, and three peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1) sequences. The cis-regulatory element prediction revealed that SsCAT genes were involved in growth and development, and in response to various hormones and stresses. RNA-Seq databases showed that SsCAT genes were differentially expressed in Saccharum tissues and under cold, drought, and Sporisorium scitamineum stresses. The ScCAT1 gene transcript (GenBank accession number KF664183) and relevant CAT activity were up-regulated under S. scitamineum stress. Overexpression of ScCAT1 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana could enhance its resistance to pathogen infection through scavenging of excessive toxic ROS and up-regulated expressions of genes related to hypersensitive response (HR), ROS and salicylic acid (SA) pathways. This study provides comprehensive information for the CAT gene family and sets up a basis for its function identification in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenhui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yong-Bao Pan
- USDA-ARS, Southeast Area, Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, LA 70360, USA
| | - Peixia Lin
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Michael P Grisham
- USDA-ARS, Southeast Area, Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, LA 70360, USA
| | - Qiugang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Javornik T, Carović-Stanko K, Gunjača J, Vidak M, Lazarević B. Monitoring Drought Stress in Common Bean Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Multispectral Imaging. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1386. [PMID: 36987074 PMCID: PMC10059887 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a significant constraint in bean production. In this study, we used high-throughput phenotyping methods (chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, multispectral imaging, 3D multispectral scanning) to monitor the development of drought-induced morphological and physiological symptoms at an early stage of development of the common bean. This study aimed to select the plant phenotypic traits which were most sensitive to drought. Plants were grown in an irrigated control (C) and under three drought treatments: D70, D50, and D30 (irrigated with 70, 50, and 30 mL distilled water, respectively). Measurements were performed on five consecutive days, starting on the first day after the onset of treatments (1 DAT-5 DAT), with an additional measurement taken on the eighth day (8 DAT) after the onset of treatments. Earliest detected changes were found at 3 DAT when compared to the control. D30 caused a decrease in leaf area index (of 40%), total leaf area (28%), reflectance in specific green (13%), saturation (9%), and green leaf index (9%), and an increase in the anthocyanin index (23%) and reflectance in blue (7%). The selected phenotypic traits could be used to monitor drought stress and to screen for tolerant genotypes in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Javornik
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klaudija Carović-Stanko
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Gunjača
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Vidak
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Gonda I, Abu-Abied M, Adler C, Milavski R, Tal O, Davidovich-Rikanati R, Faigenboim A, Kahane-Achinoam T, Shachter A, Chaimovitsh D, Dudai N. Two independent loss-of-function mutations in anthocyanidin synthase homeologous genes are responsible for the all-green phenotype of sweet basil. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13870. [PMID: 36724166 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum L., is an important culinary herb grown worldwide. Although basil is green, many landraces, breeding lines, and exotic cultivars have purple stems and flowers. This anthocyanin pigmentation is unacceptable in traditional Italian basil used for Pesto sauce production. In the current study, we aimed to resolve the genetics that underlines the different colors. We used the recently published sweet basil genome to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flower and stem color in a bi-parental F2 population. It was found that the pigmentation is governed by a single QTL, harboring an anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene (EC 1.14.20.4). Further analysis revealed that the basil genome harbors two homeologous ANS genes, each carrying a loss-of-function mutation. ObANS1 carries a single base pair insertion resulting in a frameshift, and ObANS2 carries a missense mutation within the active site. In the purple-flower parent, ANS1 is functional, and ANS2 carries a nonsense mutation. The functionality of the ObANS1 active allele was validated by complementation assay in an Arabidopsis ANS mutant. Moreover, we have restored the functionality of the missense-mutated ObANS2 using site-directed activation. We found that the non-functional alleles were expressed to similar levels as the functional allele, suggesting polyploids invest futile effort in expressing non-functional genes, offsetting their advantageous redundancy. This work demonstrated the usefulness of the genomics and genetics of basil to understand the basic mechanism of metabolic traits and raise fundamental questions in polyploid plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Gonda
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Mohamad Abu-Abied
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Chen Adler
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Renana Milavski
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofir Tal
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Rachel Davidovich-Rikanati
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Tali Kahane-Achinoam
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Alona Shachter
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - David Chaimovitsh
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Nativ Dudai
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
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Lazarević B, Carović-Stanko K, Safner T, Poljak M. Study of High-Temperature-Induced Morphological and Physiological Changes in Potato Using Nondestructive Plant Phenotyping. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3534. [PMID: 36559644 PMCID: PMC9783218 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is vulnerable to high temperatures, which are expected to increase in frequency and duration due to climate change. Nondestructive phenotyping techniques represent a promising technology for helping the adaptation of agriculture to climate change. In this study, three potato cultivars (Agria, Bellarosa and Desiree) were grown under four temperature treatments: 20/15 °C (T1), 25/20 °C (T2), 30/25 °C (T3), and 35/30 °C (T4). Multispectral and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, 3D multispectral scanning, and gas exchange analysis were used to study the effect of moderate heat stress on potato morphology and physiology and select phenotypic traits most responsive to increased temperatures. The most responsive morphological traits to increased temperatures are related to decreased leaf area, which were detected already at T2. Increased temperatures (already T2) also changed leaf spectral characteristics, indicated by increased red, green, and blue reflectance and decreased far-red reflectance and anthocyanin index (ARI). Regarding chlorophyll fluorescence, increasing temperatures (T2) caused an increase in minimal fluorescence of both dark-adapted (F0) and light-adapted (F0') plants. Stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE), and intrinsic water use efficiency increased from T1 to T3 and decreased again in T4. Using recursive partitioning analysis, the most responsive potato phenotypic traits to increased temperature were leaf area projected (LAP), ARI, F0, and WUE. These traits could be considered marker traits for further studying potato responses to increased temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Lazarević
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klaudija Carović-Stanko
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toni Safner
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Milan Poljak
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Kondić-Špika A, Mikić S, Mirosavljević M, Trkulja D, Marjanović Jeromela A, Rajković D, Radanović A, Cvejić S, Glogovac S, Dodig D, Božinović S, Šatović Z, Lazarević B, Šimić D, Novoselović D, Vass I, Pauk J, Miladinović D. Crop breeding for a changing climate in the Pannonian region: towards integration of modern phenotyping tools. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5089-5110. [PMID: 35536688 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Pannonian Plain, as the most productive region of Southeast Europe, has a long tradition of agronomic production as well as agronomic research and plant breeding. Many research institutions from the agri-food sector of this region have a significant impact on agriculture. Their well-developed and fruitful breeding programmes resulted in productive crop varieties highly adapted to the specific regional environmental conditions. Rapid climatic changes that occurred during the last decades led to even more investigations of complex interactions between plants and their environments and the creation of climate-smart and resilient crops. Plant phenotyping is an essential part of botanical, biological, agronomic, physiological, biochemical, genetic, and other omics approaches. Phenotyping tools and applied methods differ among these disciplines, but all of them are used to evaluate and measure complex traits related to growth, yield, quality, and adaptation to different environmental stresses (biotic and abiotic). During almost a century-long period of plant breeding in the Pannonian region, plant phenotyping methods have changed, from simple measurements in the field to modern plant phenotyping and high-throughput non-invasive and digital technologies. In this review, we present a short historical background and the most recent developments in the field of plant phenotyping, as well as the results accomplished so far in Croatia, Hungary, and Serbia. Current status and perspectives for further simultaneous regional development and modernization of plant phenotyping are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankica Kondić-Špika
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mikić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Mirosavljević
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Ana Marjanović Jeromela
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Rajković
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Radanović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sandra Cvejić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Dodig
- Maize Research Institute 'Zemun Polje', Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Zlatko Šatović
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Šimić
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Zagreb, Croatia
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dario Novoselović
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Zagreb, Croatia
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Pauk
- Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dragana Miladinović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
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10
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Lazarević B, Carović-Stanko K, Živčak M, Vodnik D, Javornik T, Safner T. Classification of high-throughput phenotyping data for differentiation among nutrient deficiency in common bean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931877. [PMID: 35937354 PMCID: PMC9353735 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of automated, image-based, high-throughput plant phenotyping enabled the simultaneous measurement of many plant traits. Big and complex phenotypic datasets require advanced statistical methods which enable the extraction of the most valuable traits when combined with other measurements, interpretation, and understanding of their (eco)physiological background. Nutrient deficiency in plants causes specific symptoms that can be easily detected by multispectral imaging, 3D scanning, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Screening of numerous image-based phenotypic traits of common bean plants grown in nutrient-deficient solutions was conducted to optimize phenotyping and select the most valuable phenotypic traits related to the specific nutrient deficit. Discriminant analysis was used to compare the efficiency of groups of traits obtained by high-throughput phenotyping techniques (chlorophyll fluorescence, multispectral traits, and morphological traits) in discrimination between nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe)] at early and prolonged deficiency. Furthermore, a recursive partitioning analysis was used to select variables within each group of traits that show the highest accuracy for assigning plants to the respective nutrient deficit treatment. Using the entire set of measured traits, the highest classification success by discriminant function was achieved using multispectral traits. In the subsequent measurements, chlorophyll fluorescence and multispectral traits achieved comparably high classification success. Recursive partitioning analysis was able to intrinsically identify variables within each group of traits and their threshold values that best separate the observations from different nutrient deficiency groups. Again, the highest success in assigning plants into their respective groups was achieved based on selected multispectral traits. Selected chlorophyll fluorescence traits also showed high accuracy for assigning plants into control, Fe, Mg, and P deficit but could not correctly assign K and N deficit plants. This study has shown the usefulness of combining high-throughput phenotyping techniques with advanced data analysis to determine and differentiate nutrient deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Lazarević
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klaudija Carović-Stanko
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marek Živčak
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Dominik Vodnik
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomislav Javornik
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toni Safner
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Al-Tamimi N, Langan P, Bernád V, Walsh J, Mangina E, Negrão S. Capturing crop adaptation to abiotic stress using image-based technologies. Open Biol 2022; 12:210353. [PMID: 35728624 PMCID: PMC9213114 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Farmers and breeders aim to improve crop responses to abiotic stresses and secure yield under adverse environmental conditions. To achieve this goal and select the most resilient genotypes, plant breeders and researchers rely on phenotyping to quantify crop responses to abiotic stress. Recent advances in imaging technologies allow researchers to collect physiological data non-destructively and throughout time, making it possible to dissect complex plant responses into quantifiable traits. The use of image-based technologies enables the quantification of crop responses to stress in both controlled environmental conditions and field trials. This paper summarizes phenotyping imaging technologies (RGB, multispectral and hyperspectral sensors, among others) that have been used to assess different abiotic stresses including salinity, drought and nitrogen deficiency, while discussing their advantages and drawbacks. We present a detailed review of traits involved in abiotic tolerance, which have been quantified by a range of imaging sensors under high-throughput phenotyping facilities or using unmanned aerial vehicles in the field. We also provide an up-to-date compilation of spectral tolerance indices and discuss the progress and challenges in machine learning, including supervised and unsupervised models as well as deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Al-Tamimi
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Langan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Villő Bernád
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jason Walsh
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,School of Computer Science and UCD Energy Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleni Mangina
- School of Computer Science and UCD Energy Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sónia Negrão
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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The Effect of Antagonist Abiotic Stress on Bioactive Compounds from Basil (Ocimum basilicum). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drought and flooding are some of the most common stressful conditions for plants. Due to the recent climate changes, they can occur one after another. This study is focused on the effect of antagonistic abiotic stress such as drought and flooding on the different metabolites from Ocimum basilicum leaves. Six-week-old plants of Ocimum basilicum were exposed to drought or flooding stress for 15 days, followed by antagonist stress for 14 days. The assimilation rates decrease drastically for plants under consecutive stresses from 18.9 to 0.25 µmol m−2 s−1 starting at day 3 of treatment. The stomatal conductance to water vapor gs was also reduced from 86 to 29 mmol m−2 s−1. The emission of green leaf volatiles compounds increases from 0.14 to 2.48 nmol m−2 s−1, and the emission of monoterpenes increased from 2.00 to 7.37 nmol m−2 s−1. The photosynthetic pigment concentration (chlorophyll a and b, and β-carotene), the flavonoid content, and total phenolic content decrease for all stressed plants. The results obtained in this study could indicate that the water status (drought and/or flooding) directly impacts basil plants’ physiological parameters and secondary metabolites.
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13
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Park SI, Kwon HJ, Cho MH, Song JS, Kim BG, Baek J, Kim SL, Ji H, Kwon TR, Kim KH, Yoon IS. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 Transcription Factor Is Involved in the Multiple Stress Tolerance to Heat and Drought in Rice Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137181. [PMID: 34281241 PMCID: PMC8269390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The AP2/EREBP family transcription factors play important roles in a wide range of stress tolerance and hormone signaling. In this study, a heat-inducible rice ERF gene was isolated and functionally characterized. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 was categorized to Group-IIIc of the rice AP2/EREBP family and strongly induced by heat and drought treatment. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 protein targeted to nuclei and suppressed the ABA-induced transcriptional activation of Rab16A promoter in rice protoplasts. Overexpression of OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 enhanced thermotolerance of seeds and vegetative growth stage plants. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 overexpressing (OE) plants exhibited higher proline level and increased expression of a proline biosynthesis P5CS1 gene. Phenotyping of water use dynamics of the individual plant indicates that the OsERF115/AP2EREBP110-OE plant exhibited better water saving traits under heat and drought combined stress. Our combined results suggest the potential use of OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 as a candidate gene for genetic engineering approaches to develop heat and drought stress-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Im Park
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.-I.P.); (H.J.K.); (M.H.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.B.); (S.L.K.); (H.J.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Hyeok Jin Kwon
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.-I.P.); (H.J.K.); (M.H.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.B.); (S.L.K.); (H.J.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Mi Hyeon Cho
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.-I.P.); (H.J.K.); (M.H.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.B.); (S.L.K.); (H.J.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Ji Sun Song
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.-I.P.); (H.J.K.); (M.H.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.B.); (S.L.K.); (H.J.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Beom-Gi Kim
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - JeongHo Baek
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.-I.P.); (H.J.K.); (M.H.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.B.); (S.L.K.); (H.J.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Song Lim Kim
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.-I.P.); (H.J.K.); (M.H.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.B.); (S.L.K.); (H.J.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - HyeonSo Ji
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.-I.P.); (H.J.K.); (M.H.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.B.); (S.L.K.); (H.J.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Taek-Ryoun Kwon
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.-I.P.); (H.J.K.); (M.H.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.B.); (S.L.K.); (H.J.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.-I.P.); (H.J.K.); (M.H.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.B.); (S.L.K.); (H.J.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - In Sun Yoon
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.-I.P.); (H.J.K.); (M.H.C.); (J.S.S.); (J.B.); (S.L.K.); (H.J.); (T.-R.K.); (K.-H.K.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Vidak M, Lazarević B, Petek M, Gunjača J, Šatović Z, Budor I, Carović-Stanko K. Multispectral Assessment of Sweet Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Fruit Quality Affected by Calcite Nanoparticles. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060832. [PMID: 34204908 PMCID: PMC8227421 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world because of the nutritional value of its fruits and its economic importance. Calcium (Ca) improves the quality of sweet pepper fruits, and the application of calcite nanoparticles in agricultural practice has a positive effect on the morphological, physiological, and physicochemical properties of the whole plant. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of commercial calcite nanoparticles on yield, chemical, physical, morphological, and multispectral properties of sweet pepper fruits using a combination of conventional and novel image-based nondestructive methods of fruit quality analysis. In the field trial, two sweet pepper cultivars, i.e., Šorokšari and Kurtovska kapija, were treated with commercial calcite nanoparticles (at a concentration of 3% and 5%, calcite-based foliar fertilizer (positive control), and water (negative control) three times during vegetation). Sweet pepper fruits were harvested at the time of technological and physiological maturity. Significant differences were observed between pepper cultivars as well as between harvests times. In general, application of calcite nanoparticles reduced yield and increased fruit firmness. However, different effects of calcite nanoparticles were observed on almost all properties depending on the cultivar. In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizers significantly increased N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu at technological maturity, as well as P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and N at physiological maturity. However, in Kurtovska kapija, the treatments increased only Ca at technological maturity and only P at physiological maturity. The effect of treatments on fruit morphological properties was observed only at the second harvest. In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles (3% and 5%) increased the fruit length, minimal circle area, and minimal circle radius, and it decreased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the positive and negative controls, respectively. In Kurtovska kapija, calcite nanoparticles increased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the controls. At physiological maturity, lower anthocyanin and chlorophyll indices were found in Kurtovska kapija in both treatments with calcite nanoparticles, while in Šorokšari, the opposite effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vidak
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (B.L.); (Z.Š.); (K.C.-S.)
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (B.L.); (Z.Š.); (K.C.-S.)
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marko Petek
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jerko Gunjača
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (B.L.); (Z.Š.); (K.C.-S.)
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Zlatko Šatović
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (B.L.); (Z.Š.); (K.C.-S.)
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivica Budor
- Agroledina j.d.o.o., Prigorska 32, Moravče, HR-10363 Belovar, Croatia;
| | - Klaudija Carović-Stanko
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (B.L.); (Z.Š.); (K.C.-S.)
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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15
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Zulfiqar F, Chen J, Finnegan PM, Younis A, Nafees M, Zorrig W, Hamed KB. Application of Trehalose and Salicylic Acid Mitigates Drought Stress in Sweet Basil and Improves Plant Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1078. [PMID: 34072096 PMCID: PMC8230182 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose (Tre) and salicylic acid (SA) are increasingly used to mitigate drought stress in crop plants. In this study, a pot experiment was performed to study the influence of Tre and SA applied individually or in combination on the growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant responses of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) exposed to drought stress. Basil plants were watered to 60% or 100% field capacity with or without treatment with 30 mM Tre and/or 1 mM SA. Drought negatively affected growth, physiological parameters, and antioxidant responses. Application of Tre and/or SA resulted in growth recovery, increased photosynthesis, and reduced oxidative stress. Application of Tre mitigated the detrimental effects of drought more than SA. Furthermore, co-application of Tre and SA largely eliminated the negative impact of drought by reducing oxidative stress through increased activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, as well as the accumulation of the protective osmolytes proline and glycine betaine. Combined Tre and SA application improved water use efficiency and reduced the amount of malondialdehyde in drought-stressed plants. Our results suggested that combined application of Tre and SA may trigger defense mechanisms of sweet basil to better mitigate oxidative stress induced by drought stress, thereby improving plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 93100, Pakistan;
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Environmental Horticulture Department and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 2725 Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703, USA;
| | - Patrick M. Finnegan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Adnan Younis
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Nafees
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 93100, Pakistan;
| | - Walid Zorrig
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P.O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (W.Z.); (K.B.H.)
| | - Karim Ben Hamed
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P.O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (W.Z.); (K.B.H.)
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