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Windhagauer M, Doblin MA, Signal B, Kuzhiumparambil U, Fabris M, Abbriano RM. Metabolic response to a heterologous poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) pathway in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:104. [PMID: 38212969 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is an emerging host for metabolic engineering, but little is known about how introduced pathways are integrated into the existing metabolic framework of the host or influence transgene expression. In this study, we expressed the heterologous poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) pathway using episomal expression, which draws on the precursor acetyl coenzyme-A (AcCoA). By experimentally perturbing cultivation conditions, we gained insight into the regulation of the endogenous metabolism in transgenic lines under various environmental scenarios, as well as on alterations in AcCoA flux within the host cell. Biosynthesis of PHB led to distinct shifts in the metabolome of the host, and further analysis revealed a condition-dependent relationship between endogenous and transgenic metabolic pathways. Under N limitation, which induced a significant increase in neutral lipid content, both metabolic and transcriptomic data suggest that AcCoA was preferably shunted into the endogenous pathway for lipid biosynthesis over the transgenic PHB pathway. In contrast, supply of organic carbon in the form of glycerol supported both fatty acid and PHB biosynthesis, suggesting cross-talk between cytosolic and plastidial AcCoA precursors. This is the first study to investigate the transcriptomic and metabolomic response of diatom cell lines expressing a heterologous multi-gene pathway under different environmental conditions, providing useful insights for future engineering attempts for pathways based on the precursor AcCoA. KEY POINTS: • PHB expression had minimal effects on transcription of adjacent pathways. • N limitation favoured native lipid rather than transgenic PHB synthesis. • Glycerol addition allowed simultaneous lipid and PHB accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Windhagauer
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Martina A Doblin
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Brandon Signal
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Michele Fabris
- SDU Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Raffaela M Abbriano
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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2
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Song P, Ma N, Dong S, Qiao H, Zhang J, Guan B, Tong S, Zhao Y. Enhancing Acetate Utilization in Phaeodactylum tricornutum through the Introduction of Acetate Transport Protein. Biomolecules 2024; 14:822. [PMID: 39062536 PMCID: PMC11274376 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, known for its high triacylglycerol (TAG) content and significant levels of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has a limited ability to utilize exogenous organic matter. This study investigates the enhancement of acetate utilization in P. tricornutum by introducing an exogenous acetate transport protein. The acetate transporter gene ADY2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae endowed the organism with the capability to assimilate acetate and accelerating its growth. The transformants exhibited superior growth rates at an optimal NaAc concentration of 0.01 M, with a 1.7- to 2.0-fold increase compared to the wild-type. The analysis of pigments and photosynthetic activities demonstrated a decline in photosynthetic efficiency and maximum electron transport rate. This decline is speculated to result from the over-reduction of the electron transport components between photosystems due to acetate utilization. Furthermore, the study assessed the impact of acetate on the crude lipid content and fatty acid composition, revealing an increase in the crude lipid content and alterations in fatty acid profiles, particularly an increase in C16:1n-7 at the expense of EPA and a decrease in the unsaturation index. The findings provide insights into guiding the biomass and biologically active products production of P. tricornutum through metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Song
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (P.S.); (N.M.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (S.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ning Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (P.S.); (N.M.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (S.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shaokun Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (P.S.); (N.M.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (S.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hongjin Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (P.S.); (N.M.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (S.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jumei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (P.S.); (N.M.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (S.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Bo Guan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China;
| | - Shanying Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (P.S.); (N.M.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (S.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yancui Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (P.S.); (N.M.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (S.T.); (Y.Z.)
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Mariam I, Bettiga M, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L, Patel A. Ameliorating microalgal OMEGA production using omics platforms. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:799-813. [PMID: 38350829 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the focus on omega (ω)-3 fatty acids from microalgae has intensified due to their diverse health benefits. Bioprocess optimization has notably increased ω-3 fatty acid yields, yet understanding of the genetic architecture and metabolic pathways of high-yielding strains remains limited. Leveraging genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics tools can provide vital system-level insights into native ω-3 fatty acid-producing microalgae, further boosting production. In this review, we explore 'omics' studies uncovering alternative pathways for ω-3 fatty acid synthesis and genome-wide regulation in response to cultivation parameters. We also emphasize potential targets to fine-tune in order to enhance yield. Despite progress, an integrated omics platform is essential to overcome current bottlenecks in optimizing the process for ω-3 fatty acid production from microalgae, advancing this crucial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Mariam
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Bettiga
- Department of Life Sciences - LIFE, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Innovation Unit, Italbiotec Srl Società Benefit, Milan, Italy
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
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Pang Y, Duan L, Song B, Cui Y, Liu X, Wang T. A Review of Fucoxanthin Biomanufacturing from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-03039-8. [PMID: 38884655 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae, compared to macroalgae, exhibit advantages such as rapid growth rates, feasible large-scale cultivation, and high fucoxanthin content. Among these microalgae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum emerges as an optimal source for fucoxanthin production. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on fucoxanthin production using Phaeodactylum tricornutum from 2012 to 2022, offering detailed insights into various aspects, including strain selection, media optimization, nutritional requirements, lighting conditions, cell harvesting techniques, extraction solvents, extraction methodologies, as well as downstream separation and purification processes. Additionally, an economic analysis is performed to assess the costs of fucoxanthin production from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, with a comparative perspective to astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis. Lastly, this paper discusses the current challenges and future opportunities in this research field, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, producers, and industry managers seeking to further advance this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Pang
- Weihai Vocational College, Weihai, 264200, China.
- Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Shandong Haizhibao Marine Technology Co., LTD. Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Weihai, 264200, China.
| | - LiQin Duan
- Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bo Song
- Weihai Ocean Development Research Institute, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - YuLin Cui
- Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - XiaoYong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Marine Technology Co., LTD. Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Weihai, 264200, China
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Su C, Cao Z, Liu J, Sun X, Qiu K, Mu Y, Cong X, Wang X, Chen X, Jia N, Feng C. The hierarchical porous structures of diatom biosilica-based hemostat: From selective adsorption to rapid hemostasis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 651:544-557. [PMID: 37562297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we developed a Ca2+ modified diatom biosilica-based hemostat (DBp-Ca2+) with a full scale hierarchical porous structure (pore sizes range from micrometers to nanometers). The unique porous size in stepped arrangement of DBp-Ca2+give it selective adsorption capacity during coagulation process, resulted in rapid hemorrhage control. Based on in vitro and in vivo studies, it was confirmed that the primary micropores of DBp-Ca2+gave it high porosity to hold water (water absorption: 78.46 ± 1.12 %) and protein (protein absorption: 83.7 ± 1.33 mg/g). Its secondary mesopores to macropores could reduce of water diffusion length to accelerate blood exchange (complete within 300 ms). The tertiary stacking pores of DBp-Ca2+ could absorb platelets and erythrocytes to reduce more than 50 % of thrombosis time, and provided enough contact between Ca active site and coagulation factors for triggering clotting cascade reaction. This work not only developed a novel DBs based hemostat with efficient hemorrhage control, but also provided new insights to study procoagulant mechanism of inorganic hemostat with hierarchical porous structure from selective adsorption to rapid hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Minimally invasive interventional therapy center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), 5# Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kaijin Qiu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuzhi Mu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Cong
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoye Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiguang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China; Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Yonyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Science & Technology City, Sanya, 572024, Hainan Province, China; Laoshan Laboratory, 1# Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Minimally invasive interventional therapy center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), 5# Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Chao Feng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China; Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Yonyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Science & Technology City, Sanya, 572024, Hainan Province, China.
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Zeng C, Xing R, Huang B, Cheng X, Shi W, Liu S. Phytoplankton in headwater streams: spatiotemporal patterns and underlying mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1276289. [PMID: 37941677 PMCID: PMC10628446 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1276289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton are key members of river ecosystems wherein they influence and regulate the health of the local environment. Headwater streams are subject to minimal human activity and serve as the sources of rivers, generally exhibiting minimal pollution and strong hydrodynamic forces. To date, the characteristics of phytoplankton communities in headwater streams have remained poorly understood. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by comparing phytoplankton communities in headwater streams with those in plain rivers. The results demonstrated that within similar watershed sizes, lower levels of spatiotemporal variability were observed with respect to phytoplankton community as compared to plain rivers. Lower nutrient levels and strong hydrodynamics contribute to phytoplankton growth limitation in these streams, thereby reducing the levels of spatiotemporal variation. However, these conditions additionally contribute to greater phytoplankton diversity and consequent succession towards Cyanophyta. Overall, these results provide new insights into the dynamics of headwater stream ecosystems and support efforts for their ecological conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Zeng
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Xing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Bensheng Huang
- Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangju Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou, China
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Villanova V, Roques JAC, Forghani B, Shaikh KM, Undeland I, Spetea C. Two-phase microalgae cultivation for RAS water remediation and high-value biomass production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186537. [PMID: 37377803 PMCID: PMC10292630 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The overall goal of this study was to provide solutions to innovative microalgae-based technology for wastewater remediation in a cold-water recirculating marine aquaculture system (RAS). This is based on the novel concept of integrated aquaculture systems in which fish nutrient-rich rearing water will be used for microalgae cultivation. The produced biomass can be used as fish feed, while the cleaned water can be reused, to create a highly eco-sustainable circular economy. Here, we tested three microalgae species Nannochloropis granulata (Ng), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Pt), and Chlorella sp (Csp) for their ability to remove nitrogen and phosphate from the RAS wastewater and simultaneously produce high-value biomass, i.e., containing amino acids (AA), carotenoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A high yield and value of biomass were achieved for all species in a two-phase cultivation strategy: i) a first phase using a medium optimized for best growth (f/2 14x, control); ii) a second "stress" phase using the RAS wastewater to enhance the production of high-value metabolites. Ng and Pt performed best in terms of biomass yield (i.e., 5-6 g of dry weight, DW.L-1) and efficient cleaning of the RAS wastewater from nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate (i.e., 100% removal). Csp produced about 3 g L-1 of DW and reduced efficiently only nitrate, and phosphate (i.e., about 76% and 100% removal, respectively). The biomass of all strains was rich in protein (30-40 % of DW) containing all the essential AA except Methionine. The biomass of all three species was also rich in PUFAs. Finally, all tested species are excellent sources of antioxidant carotenoids, including fucoxanthin (Pt), lutein (Ng and Csp) and β-carotene (Csp). All tested species in our novel two-phase cultivation strategy thus showed great potential to treat marine RAS wastewater and provide sustainable alternatives to animal and plant proteins with extra added values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Villanova
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jonathan Armand Charles Roques
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SWEMARC, The Swedish Mariculture Research Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bita Forghani
- Department of Life Sciences-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kashif Mohd Shaikh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Undeland
- Department of Life Sciences-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Joun J, Sirohi R, Sim SJ. The effects of acetate and glucose on carbon fixation and carbon utilization in mixotrophy of Haematococcus pluvialis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128218. [PMID: 36332870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The culture method using sodium acetate and glucose, widely used as organic carbon sources in the mixotrophy of Haematococcus pluvialis, was compared with its autotrophy. In the 12-day culture, mixotrophy using sodium acetate and glucose increased by 40.4% and 77.1%, respectively, compared to autotrophy, but the mechanisms for the increasing biomass were different. The analysis of the mechanism was divided into autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism. The mixotrophy with glucose increased the biomass by directly supplying the substrate and ATP to the TCA cycle while inhibiting photosynthesis. Gene expressions related to glycolysis and carbon fixation pathway were confirmed in autotrophy and mixotrophy with glucose and acetate. The metabolism predicted in the mixotrophy with acetate and glucose was proposed via autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism analysis. The mechanism of Haematococcus pluvialis under mixotrophic conditions with high CO2 concentration was confirmed through this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Joun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Mixotrophy in a Local Strain of Nannochloropsis granulata for Renewable High-Value Biomass Production on the West Coast of Sweden. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070424. [PMID: 35877717 PMCID: PMC9316773 DOI: 10.3390/md20070424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A local strain of Nannochloropsis granulata (Ng) has been reported as the most productive microalgal strain in terms of both biomass yield and lipid content when cultivated in photobioreactors that simulate the light and temperature conditions during the summer on the west coast of Sweden. To further increase the biomass and the biotechnological potential of this strain in these conditions, mixotrophic growth (i.e., the simultaneous use of photosynthesis and respiration) with glycerol as an external carbon source was investigated in this study and compared with phototrophic growth that made use of air enriched with 1-2% CO2. The addition of either glycerol or CO2-enriched air stimulated the growth of Ng and theproduction of high-value long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA) as well as the carotenoid canthaxanthin. Bioassays in human prostate cell lines indicated the highest antitumoral activity for Ng extracts and fractions from mixotrophic conditions. Metabolomics detected betaine lipids specifically in the bioactive fractions, suggesting their involvement in the observed antitumoral effect. Genes related to autophagy were found to be upregulated by the most bioactive fraction, suggesting a possible therapeutic target against prostate cancer progression. Taken together, our results suggest that the local Ng strain can be cultivated mixotrophically in summer conditions on the west coast of Sweden for the production of high-value biomass containing antiproliferative compounds, carotenoids, and EPA.
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Rehmanji M, Nesamma AA, Khan NJ, Fatma T, Jutur PP. Media engineering in marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum employing cost-effective substrates for sustainable production of high-value renewables. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100684. [PMID: 35666486 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a marine diatom, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and brown pigment, that is, fucoxanthin. These high-value renewables (HVRs) have a high commercial and nutritional relevance. In this study, our focus was to enhance the productivities of such renewables by employing media engineering strategy via., photoautotrophic (P1, P2, P3) and mixotrophic (M1, M2, M3, M4) modes of cultivation with varying substrate combinations of carbon (glycerol: 0.1 m) and nitrogen (urea: 441 mm and/or sodium nitrate: 882 mm). Our results demonstrate that mixotrophic [M4] condition supplemented with glycerol (0.1 m) and urea (441 mm) feed enhanced productivities (mg L-1 day-1 ) as follows: biomass (770.0), total proteins (36.0), total lipids (22.0), total carbohydrates (23.0) with fatty acid methyl esters (9.6), EPA (2.7), and fucoxanthin (1.1), respectively. The overall yield of EPA represents 28% of total fatty acids in the mixotrophic [M4] condition. In conclusion, our improved strategy of feeding urea to a glycerol-supplemented medium defines a new efficient biomass valorization paradigm with cost-effective substrates for the production of HVRs in oleaginous diatoms P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rehmanji
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Asha Arumugam Nesamma
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nida Jamil Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Pannaga Pavan Jutur
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Villanova V, Spetea C. Mixotrophy in diatoms: Molecular mechanism and industrial potential. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:603-611. [PMID: 34076276 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are microalgae well known for their high variability and high primary productivity, being responsible for about 20% of the annual global carbon fixation. Moreover, they are interesting as potential feedstocks for the production of biofuels and high-value lipids and carotenoids. Diatoms exhibit trophic flexibility and, under certain conditions, they can grow mixotrophically by combing photosynthesis and respiration. So far, only a few species of diatoms have been tested for their mixotrophic metabolism; in some cases, they produced more biomass and with higher lipid content when grown under this condition. Phaeodactylum tricornutum is the most studied diatom species for its mixotrophic metabolism due to available genome sequence and molecular tools. However, studies in additional species are needed to better understand the conservation of this process in diatoms and its potential in industrial applications. Here, we describe the photosynthetic and respiratory pathways involved in mixotrophy and provide an overview of the trophic variability in diatoms. This review also highlights promising areas of industrial applications for diatoms when cultivated under mixotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Villanova
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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