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López-Pozo M, Adams WW, Demmig-Adams B. Lemnaceae as Novel Crop Candidates for CO 2 Sequestration and Additional Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3090. [PMID: 37687337 PMCID: PMC10490035 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is projected to be twice as high as the pre-industrial level by 2050. This review briefly highlights key responses of terrestrial plants to elevated CO2 and compares these with the responses of aquatic floating plants of the family Lemnaceae (duckweeds). Duckweeds are efficient at removing CO2 from the atmosphere, which we discuss in the context of their exceptionally high growth rates and capacity for starch storage in green tissue. In contrast to cultivation of terrestrial crops, duckweeds do not contribute to CO2 release from soils. We briefly review how this potential for contributions to stabilizing atmospheric CO2 levels is paired with multiple additional applications and services of duckweeds. These additional roles include wastewater phytoremediation, feedstock for biofuel production, and superior nutritional quality (for humans and livestock), while requiring minimal space and input of light and fertilizer. We, furthermore, elaborate on other environmental factors, such as nutrient availability, light supply, and the presence of a microbiome, that impact the response of duckweed to elevated CO2. Under a combination of elevated CO2 with low nutrient availability and moderate light supply, duckweeds' microbiome helps maintain CO2 sequestration and relative growth rate. When incident light intensity increases (in the presence of elevated CO2), the microbiome minimizes negative feedback on photosynthesis from increased sugar accumulation. In addition, duckweed shows a clear propensity for absorption of ammonium over nitrate, accepting ammonium from their endogenous N2-fixing Rhizobium symbionts, and production of large amounts of vegetative storage protein. Finally, cultivation of duckweed could be further optimized using hydroponic vertical farms where nutrients and water are recirculated, saving both resources, space, and energy to produce high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina López-Pozo
- Department of Plant Biology & Ecology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - William W. Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Bellido E, de la Haba P, Agüera E. Responses in Nodulated Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Grown at Elevated Atmospheric CO 2. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091828. [PMID: 37176886 PMCID: PMC10180886 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is currently causing metabolomic and physiological changes in living beings and especially in plants. Future climate change may affect crop productivity by limiting the uptake of soil resources such as nitrogen (N) and water. The contribution of legume-rhizobia symbioses to N2 fixation increases the available biological N reserve. Elevated CO2 (eCO2) has been shown to enhance the amount of fixed N2 primarily by increasing biomass. Greater leaf biomass under eCO2 levels increases N demand, which can stimulate and increase N2 fixation. For this reason, bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were used in this work to investigate how, in a CO2-enriched atmosphere, inoculation with rhizobia (Rhizobium leguminosarum) affects different growth parameters and metabolites of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, as well as enzymatic activities of nitrogen metabolism and the oxidative state of the plant, with a view to future scenarios, where the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere will increase. The results showed that bean symbiosis with R. leguminosarum improved N2 fixation, while also decreasing the plant's oxidative stress, and provided the plant with a greater defense system against eCO2 conditions. In conclusion, the nodulation with rhizobia potentially replaced the chemical fertilization of bean plants (P. vulgaris L.), resulting in more environmentally friendly agricultural practices. However, further optimization of symbiotic activities is needed to improve the efficiency and to also develop strategies to improve the response of legume yields to eCO2, particularly due to the climate change scenario in which there is predicted to be a large increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Bellido
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Purificación de la Haba
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eloísa Agüera
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Ferchichi Y, Rouz S, Mhara YB, Elimem M, Aranjuelo I, Soba D. Medicago sativa and M. tunetana reveal contrasting physiological and metabolic responses to drought. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153885. [PMID: 36470037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa production is frequently constrained by drought, indicating the importance of assessing species biodiversity in endemic close relatives to enhance forage production under future global change conditions. In the present study, plants of two ecotypes of M. tunetana, native to Tunisia, and four commercial cultivars of M. sativa were subjected to two water regimes (control vs drought [15% field capacity]). Physiological, isotopic and metabolic analyses were used to characterize leaf and nodule profiles of the plants. Biomass, gas exchange and the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) indicated significant decreases in photosynthetic capacity under drought in M. sativa cultivars. However, M. tunetana ecotypes maintained photosynthetic performance and aboveground biomass under drought conditions. Furthermore, nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) in nodules and leaves was significantly decreased, which reveals a reduction in the N2 fixing activity of nodules under drought conditions that was not translated into lower leaf N content but was probably due to lower N demand. Analyses of starch, soluble sugar, and amino acid content in leaves and nodules have clearly proven the ability of Medicago spp. cultivars to increase the accumulation of osmo-protectors under drought. This study demonstrated the genetic variability of the strategy adopted among the studied cultivars in response to drought. In this sense, M. tunetana, and in part the M. sativa cultivar adapted to Mediterranean conditions, seem capable of maintaining adequate biomass, photosynthesis and biological N2 fixation in comparison to the other M. sativa cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosr Ferchichi
- Laboratory of Agriculture Production Systems and Sustainable Development (LR03AGR02), Department of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne-Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia; National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, 1082, Tunisia
| | - Slim Rouz
- Laboratory of Agriculture Production Systems and Sustainable Development (LR03AGR02), Department of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne-Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia
| | - Yosr Ben Mhara
- Laboratory of Agriculture Production Systems and Sustainable Development (LR03AGR02), Department of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne-Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia; National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, 1082, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Elimem
- Laboratory of Agriculture Production Systems and Sustainable Development (LR03AGR02), Department of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne-Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain
| | - David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain.
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Soba D, Arrese-Igor C, Aranjuelo I. Additive effects of heatwave and water stresses on soybean seed yield is caused by impaired carbon assimilation at pod formation but not at flowering. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111320. [PMID: 35696920 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heatwave (HW) combined with water stress (WS) are critical environmental factors negatively affecting crop development. This study aimed to quantify the individual and combined effects of HW and WS during early reproductive stages on leaf and nodule functioning and their relation with final soybean seed yield (SY). For this purpose, during flowering (R2) and pod formation (R4) soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) plants were exposed to different temperature (ambient[25ºC] versus HW[40ºC]) and water availability (full capacity versus WS[20% field capacity]). HW, WS and their combined impact on yield depended on the phenological stage at which stress was applied being more affected at R4. For gas exchange, WS severely impaired photosynthetic machinery, especially when combined with HS. Impaired photoassimilate supply at flowering caused flower abortion and a significant reduction in final SY due to interacting stresses and WS. On the other hand, at pod formation (R4), decreased leaf performance caused additive effect on SY by decreasing pod setting and seed size with combined stresses. At the nodule level, WS (alone or in combination with HW) caused nodule impairment, which was reflected by lower leaf N. Such response was linked with a poor malate supply to bacteroids and feed-back inhibition caused by nitrogenous compounds accumulation. In summary, our study noted that soybean sensitivity to interacting heat and water stresses was highly conditioned by the phenological stage at which it occurs with, R4 stage being the critical moment. To our knowledge this is the first soybean work integrating combined stresses at early reproductive stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Cesar Arrese-Igor
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNa), Campus Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain.
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