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Disciglio G, Tarantino A, Frabboni L. Yield and Fruit Characteristics of Tomato Crops Grown with Mineral Macronutrients: Impact of Organo-Mineral Fertilizers through Foliar or Soil Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1458. [PMID: 38891267 PMCID: PMC11174471 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of plant biostimulants has gained importance as a strategy by which to improve plant productivity and soil health. Two independent trials were conducted across two seasons (2021 and 2023) to evaluate the effects of foliar or soil applications of various commercial organo-mineral fertilizers (Futuroot®, Radicon® Amifort®) with biostimulant action that is exerted on yield and fruit characteristics of processing tomato crops (cv Taylor F1) that have been exposed to mineral macronutrients. These treatments were administered three times during the season: at the transplanting, pre-flowering and berry development stages. In the first trial, conducted in two fields characterized respectively by low and high fertility, foliar applications of Radicon®, which is based on humic acid and amino acids, increased the leaf greenness index SPAD compared with the control. Furthermore, the leaf green colour intensity (SPAD index), measured during the reproductive phases of the tomato exhibited a positive correlation (R2 = 0.726) with the marketable yield obtained. This increase in marketable yield was significant in the biostimulant treatment compared with the control in both soils, especially in the soil characterized by lower fertility (16.1%), when compared with the more fertile soil (6.8%). In the second trial, conducted in the low-fertility field mentioned above, soil applications of all biostimulants (Futuroot®, Radicon® and the combinations [Radicon® + Amifort-Plus®]) significantly increased the marketable yield by 27.8%, 13.5% and 27.7%, respectively, compared with the control. The most significant beneficial effects of both Futuroot® and [Radicon® + Amifort®] could be attributed to the combination of humic acids and auxins, cytokinins or microelements (Zn, Mn, MgO) present in the formulation of these products. Furthermore, the increase in marketable yield obtained when Radicon® was applied to leaves was higher (16.1%) than that observed with soil application (13.5%). In both trials, no relevant effects of biostimulant products were observed on most of the physicochemical characteristics of tomato fruits. In conclusion, the biostimulants based on humic acid and amino acids combined with chemical fertilizers tested in the present study and applied by fertigation were more effective in improving tomato yield, and therefore they can be recommended for efficient agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Disciglio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.T.); (L.F.)
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da Silva HFO, de Oliveira Torchia DF, van Tol de Castro TA, de Abreu Lopes S, Cantarino RE, Tavares OCH, de Moura OVT, Rodrigues NF, Berbara RLL, Santos LA, García AC. Role of the molecular structure of humified organic matter in rice plant response to environmental lead pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27203-27220. [PMID: 38507164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Humified organic matter has been shown to decrease Pb toxicity in plants. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of the mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs. In this study, we aimed to assess the ability of humic substances (HSs), humic acids (HAs), and fulvic acids (FAs) to enhance defense mechanisms in rice plants under lead (Pb)-stressed conditions. HS fractions were isolated from vermicompost using the chemical fractionation methodology established by the International Humic Substances Society. These fractions were characterized by solid-state NMR and FTIR. Chemometric analysis was used to compare humic structures and correlate them with bioactivity. Three treatments were tested to evaluate the protective effect of humic fractions on rice plants. The first experiment involved the application of humic fractions along with Pb. The second comprised pretreatment with humic fractions followed by subsequent exposure to Pb stress. The third experiment involved Pb stress and subsequent treatment with humic fractions. The root morphology and components of the antioxidative defense system were evaluated and quantified. The results showed that HS + Pb, HA + Pb, and FA + Pb treatment preserved root growth and reduced the levels of O2- and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the roots by up to 5% and 2%, respectively. Pretreatment of the plants with humic fractions promoted the maintenance of root growth and reduced the contents of O2-, H2O2, and MDA by up to 48%, 22%, and 20%, respectively. Combined application of humic fractions and Pb reduced the Pb content in plant tissues by up to 60%, while pretreatment reduced it by up to 80%. The protective capacity of humic fractions is related to the presence of peptides, lignin, and carbohydrate fragments in their molecular structures. These results suggest that products could be developed that can mitigate the adverse effects of heavy metals on agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Fernanda Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Tadeu Augusto van Tol de Castro
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Samuel de Abreu Lopes
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphaella Esterque Cantarino
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Orlando Carlos Huertas Tavares
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Octávio Vioratti Telles de Moura
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natália Fernandes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Louro Berbara
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Azevedo Santos
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrés Calderin García
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Mikhnevich T, Grigorenko VG, Rubtsova MY, Rukhovich GD, Yiming S, Khreptugova AN, Zaitsev KV, Perminova IV. Solid-Phase Extraction at High pH as a Promising Tool for Targeted Isolation of Biologically Active Fractions of Humic Acids. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1858-1869. [PMID: 38222597 PMCID: PMC10785653 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A search for novel sources of biologically active compounds is at the top of the agenda for biomedical technologies. Natural humic substances (HSs) contain a large variety of different chemotypes, such as condensed tannins, hydrolyzable tannins, terpenoids, lignins, etc. The goal of this work was to develop an efficient separation technique based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the isolation of narrow fractions of HS with higher biological activity compared to the initial material. We used lignite humic acid as the parent humic material, which showed moderate inhibition activity toward beta-lactamase TEM 1 and antioxidant activity. We applied two different SPE techniques: the first one was based on a gradient elution with water/methanol mixtures of the humic material sorbed at pH 2, and the second one implied separation by a difference in the pKa value by the use of sequential sorption of HS at pH from 8 to 3. SPE cartridges Bond Elute PPL (Agilent) were used in the fractionation experiments. The first and second techniques yielded 9 and 7 fractions, respectively. All fractions were characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry and biological assays, including the determination of beta-lactamase (TEM 1) inhibition activity and antioxidant activity. The acidity-based separation technique demonstrated substantial advantages: it enabled the isolation of components, outcompeting the initial material at the first step of separation (sorption at pH 8). It showed moderate orthogonality in separation with regard to the polarity-based technique. Good perspectives are shown for developing a 2D separation scheme using a combination of polarity and acidity-based approaches to reduce structural heterogeneity of the narrow fractions of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana
A. Mikhnevich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vitaly G. Grigorenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maya Yu. Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gleb D. Rukhovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sun Yiming
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna N. Khreptugova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Irina V. Perminova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Zykova MV, Brazovskii KS, Bratishko KA, Buyko EE, Logvinova LA, Romanenko SV, Konstantinov AI, Krivoshchekov SV, Perminova IV, Belousov MV. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Ontology-Based Model of the Antioxidant and Cell Protective Activity of Peat Humic Acids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:3293. [PMID: 36015549 PMCID: PMC9412878 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peat humic acids are well known for their wide range of biological effects which can be attributed to the complex chemical structure of naturally occurring humic substances. One of the promising tools is an ontology-based quantitative analysis of the relationship between physical and chemical parameters describing a chemical structure of peat humic acids and their biological activity. This article demonstrates the feasibility of such an approach to estimate the antioxidant and cell protective properties of the peat humic acids. The structural parameters of the peat humic acids were studied by electronic, fluorescence, infrared, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, titrimetric analysis, elemental C,H,N, and O- analysis, and gel chromatography. Antioxidant and antiradical activities were assessed by physicochemical methods of analysis: electronic paramagnetic resonance, cathodic voltammetry, ABTS•+ scavenging, assay of DPPH radical-scavenging activity, assay of superoxide radical-scavenging activity, iron chelating activity, and scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. Cytoprotective activity was evaluated by the neutral red-based cytotoxicity test in 3T3-L1 cell culture in a wide range of concentrations. Assessment of intracellular ROS production was carried out using a 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluoresceindiacetate (DCFDA) fluorescent probe. Intracellular ROS production was induced using two common prooxidants (tert-butyl hydroperoxide, Fe2+ ions). We suggested an ontology-based model for the antioxidant and cytoprotective activity of humic acids based on experimental data and numerical models. This model establishes the way to further research on the biological effects of humic acids and provides a useful tool for numerical simulation of these effects. Remarkable antioxidant and cell protective activity of humic acids makes them a promising natural source of new pharmaceutical substances that feature a wide range of biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Zykova
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Konstantin S. Brazovskii
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny E. Buyko
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | | | - Sergey V. Romanenko
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Andrey I. Konstantinov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Irina V. Perminova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Belousov
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Popa DG, Lupu C, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Oancea F. Humic Substances as Microalgal Biostimulants—Implications for Microalgal Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050327. [PMID: 35621978 PMCID: PMC9143693 DOI: 10.3390/md20050327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) act as biostimulants for terrestrial photosynthetic organisms. Their effects on plants are related to specific HS features: pH and redox buffering activities, (pseudo)emulsifying and surfactant characteristics, capacity to bind metallic ions and to encapsulate labile hydrophobic molecules, ability to adsorb to the wall structures of cells. The specific properties of HS result from the complexity of their supramolecular structure. This structure is more dynamic in aqueous solutions/suspensions than in soil, which enhances the specific characteristics of HS. Therefore, HS effects on microalgae are more pronounced than on terrestrial plants. The reported HS effects on microalgae include increased ionic nutrient availability, improved protection against abiotic stress, including against various chemical pollutants and ionic species of potentially toxic elements, higher accumulation of value-added ingredients, and enhanced bio-flocculation. These HS effects are similar to those on terrestrial plants and could be considered microalgal biostimulant effects. Such biostimulant effects are underutilized in current microalgal biotechnology. This review presents knowledge related to interactions between microalgae and humic substances and analyzes the potential of HS to enhance the productivity and profitability of microalgal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Gabriela Popa
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Mărăști Blv, No. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carmen Lupu
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.-A.); (F.O.)
| | - Florin Oancea
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Mărăști Blv, No. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.-A.); (F.O.)
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Li S, Tan J, Wang Y, Li P, Hu D, Shi Q, Yue Y, Li F, Han Y. Extraction optimization and quality evaluation of humic acids from lignite using the cell-free filtrate of Penicillium ortum MJ51. RSC Adv 2021; 12:528-539. [PMID: 35424480 PMCID: PMC8696883 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-solubilization of lignite is a promising technology to transform coal into humic acids (HAs) which are broadly used in agriculture. In this work, HAs were extracted from lignite using the cell-free filtrate (CFF) of Penicillium ortum MJ51. The extraction method was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the interactive effects of nitric acid concentrations, coal loading ratio, extraction temperature and time as input factors, and the absorbance of HAs at 450 nm wavelength as the output response. Under optimized conditions (lignite pretreated with 4.7 N HNO3, coal loading ratio of 4.9%, temperature of 77.3 °C and time of 8.6 hours), the absorbance at 450 nm peaked at 70.28, and the concentration and extraction yield of HAs were 31.3 g L-1 and 63.9%, respectively, which were dramatically higher than those observed for traditional biological methods (0.7 g L-1 and 14.1%, respectively). The qualities of HAs produced under optimized conditions were evaluated and compared with those extracted by the conventional chemical method. The optimized process resulted in better HA quality indices, including lower molecular mass; higher nitrogen; less aromatic carbon; more aliphatic and carboxylic carbon; and higher bioactivity for promoting plant growth. Moreover, the anti-flocculation ability was improved, thereby supporting its applicability in agriculture. Extraction of HAs from lignite using the CFF of P. ortum MJ51 provides a novel technological approach for the efficient conversion of lignite to bio-active HAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Li
- Collaborative Center Innovation of Henan Food Crops, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Jinfang Tan
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510000 China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Peipei Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Desheng Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Qiuzhe Shi
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yanjun Yue
- Henan Xinlianxin Chemicals Group Co., Ltd Xinxiang 453000 China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yanlai Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China
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Lamar RT, Monda H, Sleighter R. Use of Ore-Derived Humic Acids With Diverse Chemistries to Elucidate Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of Humic Acids in Plant Phenotypic Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:758424. [PMID: 34925408 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.758424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For legal reasons, the publisher has withdrawn this article from public view. For additional information, please contact the publisher.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiarhi Monda
- Bio Huma Netics, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
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Cristofano F, El-Nakhel C, Rouphael Y. Biostimulant Substances for Sustainable Agriculture: Origin, Operating Mechanisms and Effects on Cucurbits, Leafy Greens, and Nightshade Vegetables Species. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1103. [PMID: 34439770 PMCID: PMC8392623 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a pressing matter of anthropogenic nature to which agriculture contributes by abusing production inputs such as inorganic fertilizers and fertigation water, thus degrading land and water sources. Moreover, as the increase in the demand of food in 2050 is estimated to be 25 to 70% more than what is currently produced today, a sustainable intensification of agriculture is needed. Biostimulant substances are products that the EU states work by promoting growth, resistance to plant abiotic stress, and increasing produce quality, and may be a valid strategy to enhance sustainable agricultural practice. Presented in this review is a comprehensive look at the scientific literature regarding the widely used and EU-sanctioned biostimulant substances categories of silicon, seaweed extracts, protein hydrolysates, and humic substances. Starting from their origin, the modulation of plants' hormonal networks, physiology, and stress defense systems, their in vivo effects are discussed on some of the most prominent vegetable species of the popular plant groupings of cucurbits, leafy greens, and nightshades. The review concludes by identifying several research areas relevant to biostimulant substances to exploit and enhance the biostimulant action of these substances and signaling molecules in horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.C.); (C.E.-N.)
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