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Wang C, Yang Y, Yu J, Liu Z, Wei W, Chen J, Zhu J, Huang R. 6-BA Delays the Senescence of Postharvest Cabbage Leaves by Inhibiting Respiratory Metabolism. Foods 2024; 13:1607. [PMID: 38890835 PMCID: PMC11171477 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
6-BA, a small molecule compound of cytokinins, has been proven to delay leaf senescence in different species, including Chinese flowering cabbage; however, its specific mechanism remains relatively unknown. In this study, the application of external 6-BA delayed leaf senescence in Chinese flowering cabbage, showing that 6-BA effectively prevented the decrease in the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and overall chlorophyll content and suppressed the expression of the senescence-associated gene BrSAG12 over a 7-day period of storage. Moreover, treatment with 6-BA decreased the respiratory rate, NAD(H) content, the activities of hexose phosphate isomerase (PHI), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), and ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the transcriptional abundance of related genes by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, 6-BA also increased the activity and expression levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphate gluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH). The group treated with 6-BA retained elevated levels of NADP (H), ATP, total ATPase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase (NADK) activity, as well as the expression of respiratory enzymes. Molecular docking indicated that 6-BA hinders the glycolysis pathway (EMP), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and cytochrome pathway (CCP), and sustains elevated levels of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) through interactions with the PHI, SDH, 6-PGDH, G6PDH, CCO, and AAO proteins, consequently delaying postharvest leaf senescence in Chinese flowering cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cimei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.W.); (J.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Yingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jieting Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zongli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.W.); (J.Y.)
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Feng D, Wang L, Ning S, Peng D, Xu H, Sun C, Sun X. Exogenous Chemicals Used to Alleviate or Salvage Plants under Flooding/Waterlogging Stress: Their Biochemical Effects and Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:65-79. [PMID: 38135656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant flooding/waterlogging stress (FWS) can be a threat to food security worldwide due to climate change. To mitigate its potential devastation, numerous exogenous chemicals (ECs) have been used to demonstrate their effectiveness on alleviating FWS for the last 20 years. This review has summarized the most recent findings on use of various ECs as either nutrients or regulatory substances on crop plants under FWS and their roles involved in improving root respiration of seedlings, optimizing nutritional status, synthesizing osmotic regulators, enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, adjusting phytohormone levels, maintaining photosynthetic systems, and activating flood-tolerance related gene expressions. The effect of ESs on alleviating plants under FWS proves to be beneficial and useful but rather limited unless they are applied on appropriate crops, at the right time, and with optimized methods. Further research should be focused on use of ESs in field settings and on their potential synergetic effect for more FWS tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong 262700, China
| | - Lingyue Wang
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong 262700, China
| | - Songrui Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dianliang Peng
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong 262700, China
| | - Haicheng Xu
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong 262700, China
| | - Chitao Sun
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoan Sun
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong 262700, China
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
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Zhang Y, Ni C, Dong Y, Jiang X, Liu C, Wang W, Zhao C, Li G, Xu K, Huo Z. The Role of the Ascorbic Acid-Glutathione Cycle in Young Wheat Ears' Response to Spring Freezing Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4170. [PMID: 38140497 PMCID: PMC10748077 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Freezing stress in spring often causes the death and abnormal development of young ears of wheat, leading to a significant reduction in grain production. However, the mechanisms of young wheat ears responding to freezing are largely unclear. In this study, the role of the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH cycle) in alleviating freezing-caused oxidative damage in young wheat ears at the anther connective tissue formation phase (ACFP) was investigated. The results showed that the release rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the relative electrolyte conductivity in young ears of Jimai22 (JM22, freezing-tolerant) were significantly lower than those in young ears of Xumai33 (XM33, freezing-sensitive) under freezing. The level of the GSH pool (231.8~392.3 μg/g FW) was strikingly higher than that of the AsA pool (98.86~123.4 μg/g FW) in young wheat ears at the ACFP. Freezing significantly increased the level of the AsA pool and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) in the young ears of both varieties. The level of the GSH pool increased in the young ears of XM33 under freezing but decreased in the young ears of JM22. The young ears of JM22 showed higher activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) than the young ears of XM33 under freezing. Collectively, these results suggest that the AsA-GSH cycle plays a positive role in alleviating freezing-induced oxidative damage in young wheat ears. Furthermore, the ability of utilizing GSH as a substrate to scavenge ROS is an important factor affecting the freezing tolerance of young wheat ears. In addition, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) and cis-zeatin (cZ) may be involved in regulating the AsA-GSH cycle metabolism in young wheat ears under freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Weiling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (C.N.); (Y.D.); (X.J.); (C.L.); (C.Z.); (G.L.); (K.X.)
| | | | | | | | - Zhongyang Huo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (C.N.); (Y.D.); (X.J.); (C.L.); (C.Z.); (G.L.); (K.X.)
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Zhang X, Huang C, Meng Y, Liu X, Gao Y, Liu Z, Ma S. Physiological Mechanism of Waterlogging Stress on Yield of Waxy Maize at the Jointing Stage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3034. [PMID: 37687280 PMCID: PMC10489971 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In the main agricultural area for waxy maize production in China, waterlogging occurs frequently during the waxy maize jointing stage, and this causes significant yield reduction. It is very important to understand the physiological mechanism of waterlogging stress in waxy maize during the jointing stage to develop strategies against waterlogging stress. Therefore, this study set waterlogging treatments in the field for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days during the waxy maize jointing stage, and were labelled CK, WS2, WS4, WS6, WS8 and WS10, respectively. By analyzing the effect of waterlogging on the source, sink, and transport of photoassimilates, the physiological mechanism of waterlogging stress in the jointing stage was clarified. The results show that PEPC and POD activities and Pro content decreased significantly under WS2 compared to CK. Except for these three indicators, the Pn, GS, leaf area, kernel number, yield, and puncture strength of stems were significantly decreased under the WS4. Under the WS6, the content of MDA began to increase significantly, while almost all other physiological indices decreased significantly. Moreover, the structure of stem epidermal cells and the vascular bundle were deformed after 6 days of waterlogging. Therefore, the threshold value of waterlogging stress occured at 4 to 6 days in the jointing stage of waxy maize. Moreover, waterlogging stress at the jointing stage mainly reduces the yield by reducing the number of kernels; specifically, the kernel number decreased by 6.7-15.5% in 4-10 days of waterlogging, resulting in a decrease of 9.9-20.2% in the final yield. Thus, we have shown that waterlogging stress at the jointing stage results in the decrease of potential waxy maize kernel numbers and yield when the synthesis of sources was limited and the transport of photoassimilates was restricted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang 453002, China; (X.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang 453002, China; (X.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
- Field Observation and Research Station of Efficient Water Use for Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Ye Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang 453002, China; (X.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
- School of Faculty Engineering, University of Putra Malaysia, Selonga 43400, Malaysia
| | - Xuchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang 453002, China; (X.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
- Field Observation and Research Station of Efficient Water Use for Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang 453002, China; (X.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
- Field Observation and Research Station of Efficient Water Use for Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang 453002, China; (X.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
- Field Observation and Research Station of Efficient Water Use for Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Shoutian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang 453002, China; (X.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
- Field Observation and Research Station of Efficient Water Use for Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, China
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Li X, Gao M, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Chi L, Qu Z, Wang L, Huang R. 6-Benzyladenine alleviates NaCl stress in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus) seedlings by improving photosynthesis and upregulating antioxidant defences. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:230-241. [PMID: 36456536 DOI: 10.1071/fp22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a growing problem in agriculture, plant growth regulators (PGRs) can regulate plant response to stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) on photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant defences in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) seedlings under NaCl stress. Two watermelon genotypes were subjected to four different treatments: (1) normal water (control); (2) 20mgL-1 6-BA; (3) 120mmolL-1 NaCl; and (4) 120mmolL-1 NaCl+20mgL-1 6-BA. Our results showed that NaCl stress inhibited the growth of watermelon seedlings, decreased their photosynthetic capacity, promoted membrane lipid peroxidation, and lowered the activity of protective enzymes. Additionally the salt-tolerant Charleston Gray variety fared better than the salt-sensitive Zhengzi NO.017 variety under NaCl stress. Foliar spraying of 6-BA under NaCl stress significantly increased biomass accumulation, as well as photosynthetic pigment, soluble sugar, and protein content, while decreasing malondialdehyde levels, H2 O2 content, and electrolyte leakage. Moreover, 6-BA enhanced photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate; activated antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase; and improved the efficiency of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle by stimulating glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase, as well as ascorbic acid and glutathione content. Principal component analysis confirmed that 6-BA improved salt tolerance of the two watermelon varieties, particularly Zhengzi NO.017, albeit through two different regulatory mechanisms. In conclusion, 6-BA treatment could alleviate NaCl stress-induced damage and improve salt tolerance of watermelons by regulating photosynthesis and osmoregulation, activating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and promoting antioxidant defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Gao
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Guo
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Zhaomin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Li Chi
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Zhongcheng Qu
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Qiqihar Ecological Environment Comprehensive Service Guarantee Center, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
| | - Rongyan Huang
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China
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Fu J, Li L, Wang S, Yu N, Shan H, Shi Z, Li F, Zhong X. Effect of gibberellic acid on photosynthesis and oxidative stress response in maize under weak light conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1128780. [PMID: 36875610 PMCID: PMC9978513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1128780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) is an important endogenous hormone involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Experiments were conducted at the Research and Education Center of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University (Shenyang, China) in 2021.We used a pair of near-isogenic inbred maize lines comprising, SN98A (light-sensitive inbred line) and SN98B (light-insensitive inbred line) to study the effects of exogenous gibberellin A3 (GA3) application on different light-sensitive inbred lines under weak light conditions. The concentration of GA3 was selected as 20, 40 and 60 mg L-1. After shade treatment, the photosynthetic physiological indexes of SN98A were always lower than SN98B, and the net photosynthetic rate of SN98A was 10.12% lower than SN98B on the 20th day after shade treatment. GA3 treatments significantly reduced the barren stalk ratios in SN98A and improved its seed setting rates by increasing the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), photosynthetic pigment contents, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PS II) (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), and antioxidant enzyme activities, where the most effective treatment was 60 mg L-1GA3. Compared with CK group, the seed setting rate increased by 33.87%. GA3 treatment also regulated the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced the superoxide anion ( O 2 - ) production rate, H2O2 content, and malondialdehyde content. The superoxide anion ( O 2 - ) production rate, H2O2 content and malondialdehyde content of SN98A sprayed with 60 mg L-1 GA3 decreased by 17.32%,10.44% and 50.33% compared with CK group, respectively. Compared with the control, GA3 treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased the expression levels of APX and GR in SN98A, and APX, Fe-SOD, and GR in SN98B. Weak light stress decreased the expression of GA20ox2, which was related to gibberellin synthesis, and the endogenous gibberellin synthesis of SN98A. Weak light stress accelerated leaf senescence, and exogenous GA3 application inhibited the ROS levels in the leaves and maintained normal physiological functions in the leaves. These results indicate that exogenous GA3 enhances the adaptability of plants to low light stress by regulating photosynthesis, ROS metabolism and protection mechanisms, as well as the expression of key genes, which may be an economical and environmentally friendly method to solve the low light stress problem in maize production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Fu
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Yu
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Shan
- Liaoning Dongya Seed Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Zhensheng Shi
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fenghai Li
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Swain R, Sahoo S, Behera M, Rout GR. Instigating prevalent abiotic stress resilience in crop by exogenous application of phytohormones and nutrient. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1104874. [PMID: 36844040 PMCID: PMC9947512 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, the demand for food and feed for the ever-increasing population has achieved unparalleled importance, which cannot afford crop yield loss. Now-a-days, the unpleasant situation of abiotic stress triggers crop improvement by affecting the different metabolic pathways of yield and quality advances worldwide. Abiotic stress like drought, salinity, cold, heat, flood, etc. in plants diverts the energy required for growth to prevent the plant from shock and maintain regular homeostasis. Hence, the plant yield is drastically reduced as the energy is utilized for overcoming the stress in plants. The application of phytohormones like the classical auxins, cytokinins, ethylene, and gibberellins, as well as more recent members including brassinosteroids, jasmonic acids, etc., along with both macro and micronutrients, have enhanced significant attention in creating key benefits such as reduction of ionic toxicity, improving oxidative stress, maintaining water-related balance, and gaseous exchange modification during abiotic stress conditions. Majority of phytohormones maintain homeostasis inside the cell by detoxifying the ROS and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities which can enhance tolerance in plants. At the molecular level, phytohormones activate stress signaling pathways or genes regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), Jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene. The various stresses primarily cause nutrient deficiency and reduce the nutrient uptake of plants. The application of plant nutrients like N, K, Ca, and Mg are also involved in ROS scavenging activities through elevating antioxidants properties and finally decreasing cell membrane leakage and increasing the photosynthetic ability by resynthesizing the chlorophyll pigment. This present review highlighted the alteration of metabolic activities caused by abiotic stress in various crops, the changes of vital functions through the application of exogenous phytohormones and nutrition, as well as their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinny Swain
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Crop Improvement Division, School of Agriculture, Gandhi University of Engineering and Technology (GIET) University, Rayagada, Odisha, India
| | - Smrutishree Sahoo
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Improvement Division, School of Agriculture, GIET University, Rayagada, Odisha, India
| | - Mamata Behera
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Improvement Division, School of Agriculture, GIET University, Rayagada, Odisha, India
| | - Gyana Ranjan Rout
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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You X, Nasrullah, Wang D, Mei Y, Bi J, Liu S, Xu W, Wang NN. N 7 -SSPP fusion gene improves salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean through ROS scavenging. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2794-2809. [PMID: 35815549 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Considerable signal crosstalk exists in the regulatory network of senescence and stress response. Numerous senescence-associated genes are also involved in plant stress tolerance. However, the underlying mechanisms and application potential of these genes in stress-tolerant crop breeding remain poorly explored. We found that overexpression of SENESCENCE-SUPPRESSED PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE (SSPP), a negative regulator of leaf senescence, significantly improved plant salt tolerance by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in both Arabidopsis and soybean. However, overexpression of SSPP severely suppressed normal plant growth, limiting its direct use in agriculture. We previously revealed that the N-terminal 1-14 residues of ACS7 (termed 'N7 ') negatively regulated its protein stability through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, and the N7 -mediated protein degradation was suppressed by environmental and senescence signals. To avoid the adverse effects of SSPP, the N7 element was fused to the N-terminus of SSPP. We demonstrated that N7 -SSPP fusion gene effectively rescued SSPP-induced growth suppression but maintained enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and soybean. Particularly, N7 -SSPP enhanced tolerance to long-term salt stress and increased seed yield in soybean. These results suggest that N7 -SSPP overcomes the disadvantages of SSPP on plant growth inhibition and effectively improves salt tolerance through enhanced ROS scavenging, providing an effective strategy of using posttranslational regulatory element for salt-tolerant crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang You
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nasrullah
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mei
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juanjuan Bi
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Ning Wang
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Yang Z, Bai C, Wang P, Fu W, Wang L, Song Z, Xi X, Wu H, Zhang G, Wu J. Sandbur Drought Tolerance Reflects Phenotypic Plasticity Based on the Accumulation of Sugars, Lipids, and Flavonoid Intermediates and the Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Root. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312615. [PMID: 34884421 PMCID: PMC8657935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The perennial grass Cenchrus spinifex (common sandbur) is an invasive species that grows in arid and semi-arid regions due to its remarkable phenotypic plasticity, which confers the ability to withstand drought and other forms of abiotic stress. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in common sandbur could lead to the development of new strategies for the protection of natural and agricultural environments from this weed. To determine the molecular basis of drought tolerance in C. spinifex, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to identify proteins differing in abundance between roots growing in normal soil and roots subjected to moderate or severe drought stress. The analysis of these proteins revealed that drought tolerance in C. spinifex primarily reflects the modulation of core physiological activities such as protein synthesis, transport and energy utilization as well as the accumulation of flavonoid intermediates and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Accordingly, plants subjected to drought stress accumulated sucrose, fatty acids, and ascorbate, shifted their redox potential (as determined by the NADH/NAD ratio), accumulated flavonoid intermediates at the expense of anthocyanins and lignin, and produced less actin, indicating fundamental reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Our results show that C. spinifex responds to drought stress by coordinating multiple metabolic pathways along with other adaptations. It is likely that the underlying metabolic plasticity of this species plays a key role in its invasive success, particularly in semi-arid and arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (P.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Chao Bai
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (P.W.); (L.W.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Weidong Fu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Le Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (P.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhen Song
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Xin Xi
- Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Hanwen Wu
- E.H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (A Collaborative Alliance between Charles Sturt University and the NSW Department of Primary Industries), Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-82109570 (G.Z.); +86-64807375 (J.W.)
| | - Jiahe Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (P.W.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-82109570 (G.Z.); +86-64807375 (J.W.)
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