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Yang Z, Wang X, Gao C, Wu P, Ahammed GJ, Liu H, Chen S, Cui J. Glutathione is required for nitric oxide-induced chilling tolerance by synergistically regulating antioxidant system, polyamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108878. [PMID: 38968841 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we discussed the physiological mechanism of enhanced chilling tolerance with combined treatment of nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in cucumber seedlings. With prolonged low temperature (10 °C/6 °C), oxidative stress improved, which was manifested as an increase the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), causing cell membrane damage, particularly after 48 h of chilling stress. Exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) enhanced the activity of nitric oxide synthase NOS-like, the contents of GSH and polyamines (PAs), and the cellular redox state, thus regulating the activities of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation components (CI, CII, CIV, CV). However, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, a GSH synthase inhibitor) treatment drastically reversed or attenuated the effects of NO. Importantly, the combination of SNP and GSH treatment had the best effect in alleviating chilling-induced oxidative stress by upregulating the activities of antioxidant enzyme, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) and improved the PAs content, thereby increased activities of CI, CII, CIII, CIV, and CV. This potentially contributes to the maintenance of oxidative phosphorylation originating from mitochondria. In addition, the high activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) in the combined treatment of SNP and GSH possibly mediates the conversion of NO and GSH to S-nitrosoglutathione. Our study revealed that the combined treatment with NO and GSH to synergistically improve the cold tolerance of cucumber seedlings under prolonged low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang,832003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang,832003, China
| | - Chenpeng Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang,832003, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang,832003, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang,832003, China
| | - ShuangChen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jinxia Cui
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang,832003, China.
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Tan Q, Gou L, Fan TP, Cai Y. Enzymatic properties of ornithine decarboxylase from Clostridium aceticum DSM1496. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:525-535. [PMID: 38225812 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Clostridium aceticum DSM1496 is an acid-resistant strain in which ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) plays a crucial role in acid resistance. In this study, we expressed ODC derived from C. aceticum DSM1496 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and thoroughly examined its enzymatic properties. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 55.27 kDa and uses pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) as a coenzyme with a Km = 0.31 mM. ODC exhibits optimal activity at pH 7.5, and it maintains high stability even at pH 4.5. The peak reaction temperature for ODC is 30°C. Besides, it can be influenced by certain metal ions such as Mn2+. Although l-ornithine serves as the preferred substrate for ODC, the enzyme also decarboxylates l-arginine and l-lysine simultaneously. The results indicate that ODC derived from C. aceticum DSM1496 exhibits the ability to produce putrescine, cadaverine, and agmatine through decarboxylation. These polyamines have the potential to neutralize acid in an acidic environment, facilitating the growth of microorganisms. These significant findings provide a strong basis for further investigation into the acid-resistant mechanisms contributed by ODC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linbo Gou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Burke R, Nicotra D, Phelan J, Downey F, McCabe PF, Kacprzyk J. Spermine and spermidine inhibit or induce programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana in vitro and in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38808914 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Polyamines are ubiquitous biomolecules with a number of established functions in eukaryotic cells. In plant cells, polyamines have previously been linked to abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, as well as to the modulation of programmed cell death (PCD), with contrasting reports on their pro-PCD and pro-survival effects. Here, we used two well-established platforms for the study of plant PCD, Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cultures cells and the root hair assay, to examine the roles of the polyamines spermine and spermidine in the regulation of PCD. Using these systems for precise quantification of cell death rates, we demonstrate that both polyamines can trigger PCD when applied exogenously at higher doses, whereas at lower concentrations they inhibit PCD induced by both biotic and abiotic stimuli. Furthermore, we show that concentrations of polyamines resulting in inhibition of PCD generated a transient ROS burst in our experimental system, and activated the expression of oxidative stress- and pathogen response-associated genes. Finally, we examined PCD responses in existing Arabidopsis polyamine synthesis mutants, and identified a subtle PCD phenotype in Arabidopsis seedlings deficient in thermo-spermine. The presented data show that polyamines can have a role in PCD regulation; however, that role is dose-dependent and consequently they may act as either inhibitors, or inducers, of PCD in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Burke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniele Nicotra
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Jim Phelan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frances Downey
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul F McCabe
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanna Kacprzyk
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Rahman A, Kulik E, Majláth I, Khan I, Janda T, Pál M. Different reactions of wheat, maize, and rice plants to putrescine treatment. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:807-822. [PMID: 38846465 PMCID: PMC11150351 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Polyamines play an important role in growth and differentiation by regulating numerous physiological and biochemical processes at the cellular level. In addition to their roborative effect, their essential role in plant stress responses has been also reported. However, the positive effect may depend on the fine-tuning of polyamine metabolism, which influences the production of free radicals and/or signalling molecules. In the present study, 0.3 mM hydroponic putrescine treatment was tested in wheat, maize, and rice in order to reveal differences in their answers and highlight the relation of these with polyamine metabolism. In the case of wheat, the chlorophyll content and the actual quantum yield increased after putrescine treatment, and no remarkable changes were detected in the stress markers, polyamine contents, or polyamine metabolism-related gene expression. Although, in maize, the actual quantum yield decreased, and the root hydrogen peroxide content increased, no other negative effect was observed after putrescine treatment due to activation of polyamine oxidases at enzyme and gene expression levels. The results also demonstrated that after putrescine treatment, rice with a higher initial polyamine content, the balance of polyamine metabolism was disrupted and a significant amount of putrescine was accumulated, accompanied by a detrimental decrease in the level of higher polyamines. These initial differences and the putrescine-induced shift in polyamine metabolism together with the terminal catabolism or back-conversion-induced release of a substantial quantity of hydrogen peroxide could contribute to oxidative stress observed in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altafur Rahman
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Brunszvik 2, Martonvásár, 2462 Hungary
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, 1118 Hungary
| | | | - Imre Majláth
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Brunszvik 2, Martonvásár, 2462 Hungary
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, 1118 Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Brunszvik 2, Martonvásár, 2462 Hungary
| | - Magda Pál
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Brunszvik 2, Martonvásár, 2462 Hungary
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He M, Zhou J, Lyu D, Xu G, Qin S. Exogenous Spermidine Alleviated Low-Temperature Damage by Affecting Polyamine Metabolism and Antioxidant Levels in Apples. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1100. [PMID: 38674509 PMCID: PMC11053773 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Low-temperature stress significantly limits the growth, development, and geographical distribution of apple cultivation. Spermidine (Spd), a known plant growth regulator, plays a vital role in the plant's response to abiotic stress. Yet, the mechanisms by which exogenous Spd enhances cold resistance in apples remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study analyzed the effects of exogenous Spd on antioxidant enzyme activity, polyamine metabolism, and related gene expression levels of 1-year-old apple branches under low-temperature stress. Treatment with exogenous Spd was found to stabilize branch tissue biofilms and significantly reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species by elevating proline content and boosting the activity of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase. It also upregulated the activities of arginine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and spermidine synthase and the expression levels of MdADC1, MdSAMDC1, and MdSPDS1 under low-temperature stress and led to the accumulation of large amounts of Spd and spermine. Moreover, compared with the 2 mmol·L-1 Spd treatment, the 1 mmol·L-1 Spd treatment increased the expression levels of cold-responsive genes MdCBF1/2/3, MdCOR47, and MdKIN1, significantly. The findings suggest that exogenous Spd can enhance cold resistance in apple branches significantly. This enhancement is achieved by modulating polyamine metabolism and improving antioxidant defense mechanisms, which could be exploited to improve apple cultivation under cold stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi He
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (M.H.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Jia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (M.H.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Deguo Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (M.H.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Gongxun Xu
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Sijun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (M.H.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
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Kebert M, Stojnić S, Rašeta M, Kostić S, Vuksanović V, Ivanković M, Lanšćak M, Markić AG. Variations in Proline Content, Polyamine Profiles, and Antioxidant Capacities among Different Provenances of European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:227. [PMID: 38397825 PMCID: PMC10886255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
International provenance trials are a hot topic in forestry, and in light of climate change, the search for more resilient beech provenances and their assisted migration is one of the challenges of climate-smart forestry. The main aim of the study was to determine intraspecific variability in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) among 11 beech provenances according to total antioxidant capacities estimated by various assays, such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay, and radical scavenging capacity against nitric oxide (RSC-NO assays), as well as osmolyte content, primarily individual polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), and free proline content. Polyamine amounts were quantified by using HPLC coupled with fluorescent detection after dansylation pretreatment. The highest values for radical scavenger capacity assays (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP) were measured in the German provenances DE47 and DE49. Also, the highest NO inhibition capacity was found in the provenance DE49, while the highest content of proline (PRO), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) was recorded in DE47. The Austrian AT56 and German provenance DE49 were most abundant in total polyamines. This research underlines the importance of the application of common antioxidant assays as well as osmolyte quantification as a criterion for the selection of climate-ready beech provenances for sustainable forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Kebert
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Srđan Stojnić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Milena Rašeta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Saša Kostić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Vanja Vuksanović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Mladen Ivanković
- Division for Genetics, Forest Tree Breeding and Seed Science, Croatian Forest Research Institute, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia; (M.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Miran Lanšćak
- Division for Genetics, Forest Tree Breeding and Seed Science, Croatian Forest Research Institute, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia; (M.I.); (M.L.)
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Li J, Li Q, Guo N, Xian Q, Lan B, Nangia V, Mo F, Liu Y. Polyamines mediate the inhibitory effect of drought stress on nitrogen reallocation and utilization to regulate grain number in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1016-1035. [PMID: 37813095 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress poses a serious threat to grain formation in wheat. Nitrogen (N) plays crucial roles in plant organ development; however, the physiological mechanisms by which drought stress affects plant N availability and mediates the formation of grains in spikes of winter wheat are still unclear. In this study, we determined that pre-reproductive drought stress significantly reduced the number of fertile florets and the number of grains formed. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that this was related to N metabolism, and in particular, the metabolism pathways of arginine (the main precursor for synthesis of polyamine) and proline. Continuous drought stress restricted plant N accumulation and reallocation rates, and plants preferentially allocated more N to spike development. As the activities of amino acid biosynthesis enzymes and catabolic enzymes were inhibited, more free amino acids accumulated in young spikes. The expression of polyamine synthase genes was down-regulated under drought stress, whilst expression of genes encoding catabolic enzymes was enhanced, resulting in reductions in endogenous spermidine and putrescine. Treatment with exogenous spermidine optimized N allocation in young spikes and leaves, which greatly alleviated the drought-induced reduction in the number of grains per spike. Overall, our results show that pre-reproductive drought stress affects wheat grain numbers by regulating N redistribution and polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Nian Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Qinglin Xian
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Bing Lan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Vinay Nangia
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 6299-10112, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fei Mo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
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Sánchez P, Castro-Cegrí A, Sierra S, Garrido D, Llamas I, Sampedro I, Palma F. The synergy of halotolerant PGPB and mauran mitigates salt stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) via osmoprotectants accumulation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14111. [PMID: 38148230 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic factors limiting sustainable agriculture. Halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) increased salt stress tolerance in plants, but the mechanisms underlying the tolerance are poorly understood. This study investigated the PGP activity of four halotolerant bacteria under salinity stress and the tomato salt-tolerance mechanisms induced by the synergy of these bacteria with the exopolysaccharide (EPS) mauran. All PGPB tested in this study were able to offer a significant improvement of tomato plant biomass under salinity stress; Peribacillus castrilensis N3 being the most efficient one. Tomato plants treated with N3 and the EPS mauran showed greater tolerance to NaCl than the treatment in the absence of EPS and PGPB. The synergy of N3 with mauran confers salt stress tolerance in tomato plants by increasing sodium transporter genes' expression and osmoprotectant content, including soluble sugars, polyols, proline, GABA, phenols and the polyamine putrescine. These osmolytes together with the induction of sodium transporter genes increase the osmotic adjustment capacity to resist water loss and maintain ionic homeostasis. These findings suggest that the synergy of the halotolerant bacterium N3 and the EPS mauran could enhance tomato plant growth by mitigating salt stress and could have great potential as an inductor of salinity tolerance in the agriculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Granada, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Sierra
- Department of Plant Physiology, Science Faculty, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology, Science Faculty, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Llamas
- Department of Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Biotechnology Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sampedro
- Department of Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Biotechnology Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Palma
- Department of Plant Physiology, Science Faculty, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Ingrisano R, Tosato E, Trost P, Gurrieri L, Sparla F. Proline, Cysteine and Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Abiotic Stress Response of Land Plants and Microalgae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3410. [PMID: 37836150 PMCID: PMC10574504 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteinogenic amino acids are the building blocks of protein, and plants synthesize all of them. In addition to their importance in plant growth and development, growing evidence underlines the central role played by amino acids and their derivatives in regulating several pathways involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. In the present review, we illustrate (i) the role of amino acids as an energy source capable of replacing sugars as electron donors to the mitochondrial electron transport chain and (ii) the role of amino acids as precursors of osmolytes as well as (iii) precursors of secondary metabolites. Among the amino acids involved in drought stress response, proline and cysteine play a special role. Besides the large proline accumulation occurring in response to drought stress, proline can export reducing equivalents to sink tissues and organs, and the production of H2S deriving from the metabolism of cysteine can mediate post-translational modifications that target protein cysteines themselves. Although our general understanding of microalgae stress physiology is still fragmentary, a general overview of how unicellular photosynthetic organisms deal with salt stress is also provided because of the growing interest in microalgae in applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Libero Gurrieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.I.); (E.T.); (P.T.); (F.S.)
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Alavilli H, Yolcu S, Skorupa M, Aciksoz SB, Asif M. Salt and drought stress-mitigating approaches in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to improve its performance and yield. PLANTA 2023; 258:30. [PMID: 37358618 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Although sugar beet is a salt- and drought-tolerant crop, high salinity, and water deprivation significantly reduce its yield and growth. Several reports have demonstrated stress tolerance enhancement through stress-mitigating strategies including the exogenous application of osmolytes or metabolites, nanoparticles, seed treatments, breeding salt/drought-tolerant varieties. These approaches would assist in achieving sustainable yields despite global climatic changes. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an economically vital crop for ~ 30% of world sugar production. They also provide essential raw materials for bioethanol, animal fodder, pulp, pectin, and functional food-related industries. Due to fewer irrigation water requirements and shorter regeneration time than sugarcane, beet cultivation is spreading to subtropical climates from temperate climates. However, beet varieties from different geographical locations display different stress tolerance levels. Although sugar beet can endure moderate exposure to various abiotic stresses, including high salinity and drought, prolonged exposure to salt and drought stress causes a significant decrease in crop yield and production. Hence, plant biologists and agronomists have devised several strategies to mitigate the stress-induced damage to sugar beet cultivation. Recently, several studies substantiated that the exogenous application of osmolytes or metabolite substances can help plants overcome injuries induced by salt or drought stress. Furthermore, these compounds likely elicit different physio-biochemical impacts, including improving nutrient/ionic homeostasis, photosynthetic efficiency, strengthening defense response, and water status improvement under various abiotic stress conditions. In the current review, we compiled different stress-mitigating agricultural strategies, prospects, and future experiments that can secure sustainable yields for sugar beets despite high saline or drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Seher Yolcu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.
| | - Monika Skorupa
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Seher Bahar Aciksoz
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
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