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Rivero-Pino F, Marquez-Paradas E, Montserrat-de la Paz S. Food-derived vesicles as immunomodulatory drivers: Current knowledge, gaps, and perspectives. Food Chem 2024; 457:140168. [PMID: 38908244 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound membrane vesicles released from cells, containing active compounds, which can be found in different foods. In this review, the role of food-derived vesicles (FDVs) as immunomodulatory drivers is summarized, with a focus on sources, isolation techniques and yields, as well as bioavailability and potential health implications. In addition, gaps and perspectives detected in this research field have been highlighted. FDVs have been efficiently extracted from different sources, and differential ultracentrifugation seems to be the most adequate isolation technique, with yields ranging from 108 to 1014 EV particles/mL. Animal studies show promising results in how these FDVs might regulate different pathways related to inflammation. Further investigation on the production of stable components in a cost-effective way, as well as human studies demonstrating safety and health-promoting properties, since scarce information has been reported until now, in the context of modulating the immune system are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rivero-Pino
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009, Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Elvira Marquez-Paradas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009, Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009, Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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Zhu Y, Zhao J, Ding H, Qiu M, Xue L, Ge D, Wen G, Ren H, Li P, Wang J. Applications of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in medicine. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e741. [PMID: 39309692 PMCID: PMC11413507 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapeutic agents owing to their natural abundance, accessibility, and unique biological properties. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the therapeutic potential of plant-derived EVs and emphasizes their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and tumor-inhibitory effects. Here, we discussed the advancements in isolation and purification techniques, such as ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography, which are critical for maintaining the functional integrity of these nanovesicles. Next, we investigated the diverse administration routes of EVs and carefully weighed their respective advantages and challenges related to bioavailability and patient compliance. Moreover, we elucidated the multifaceted mechanisms of action of plant-derived EVs, including their roles in anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antitumor activity, and modulation of gut microbiota. We also discussed the impact of EVs on specific diseases such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, highlighting the importance of addressing current challenges related to production scalability, regulatory compliance, and immunogenicity. Finally, we proposed future research directions for optimizing EV extraction and developing targeted delivery systems. Through these efforts, we envision the seamless integration of plant-derived EVs into mainstream medicine, offering safe and potent therapeutic alternatives across various medical disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Junqi Zhao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Haoran Ding
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Mengdi Qiu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Lingling Xue
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Dongxue Ge
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Gaolin Wen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Peng Li
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
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Shkryl Y, Tsydeneshieva Z, Menchinskaya E, Rusapetova T, Grishchenko O, Mironova A, Bulgakov D, Gorpenchenko T, Kazarin V, Tchernoded G, Bulgakov V, Aminin D, Yugay Y. Exosome-like Nanoparticles, High in Trans-δ-Viniferin Derivatives, Produced from Grape Cell Cultures: Preparation, Characterization, and Anticancer Properties. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2142. [PMID: 39335655 PMCID: PMC11428831 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12092142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent interest in plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ENs) has surged due to their therapeutic potential, which includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. These properties are attributed to their cargo of bioactive metabolites and other endogenous molecules. However, the properties of ENs isolated from plant cell cultures remain less explored. Methods: In this investigation, grape callus-derived ENs (GCENs) were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation techniques. Structural analysis through electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blotting confirmed that GCENs qualify as exosome-like nanovesicles. Results: These GCENs contained significant amounts of microRNAs and proteins characteristic of plant-derived ENs, as well as trans-δ-viniferin, a notable stilbenoid known for its health-promoting properties. Functional assays revealed that the GCENs reduced the viability of the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the GCENs exhibited negligible effects on the viability of normal human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, indicating selective cytotoxicity. Notably, treatment with these GCENs led to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and triggered apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Conclusions: Overall, this study underscores the potential of grape callus-derived nanovectors as natural carriers of stilbenoids and proposes their application as a novel and effective approach in the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.S.); (Z.T.); (T.R.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (T.G.); (V.K.); (G.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Zhargalma Tsydeneshieva
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.S.); (Z.T.); (T.R.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (T.G.); (V.K.); (G.T.); (V.B.)
- Advance Engineering School “Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems”, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.M.); (D.A.)
| | - Tatiana Rusapetova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.S.); (Z.T.); (T.R.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (T.G.); (V.K.); (G.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Olga Grishchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.S.); (Z.T.); (T.R.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (T.G.); (V.K.); (G.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Anastasia Mironova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.S.); (Z.T.); (T.R.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (T.G.); (V.K.); (G.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Dmitry Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.S.); (Z.T.); (T.R.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (T.G.); (V.K.); (G.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Tatiana Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.S.); (Z.T.); (T.R.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (T.G.); (V.K.); (G.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Vitaly Kazarin
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.S.); (Z.T.); (T.R.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (T.G.); (V.K.); (G.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Galina Tchernoded
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.S.); (Z.T.); (T.R.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (T.G.); (V.K.); (G.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Victor Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.S.); (Z.T.); (T.R.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (T.G.); (V.K.); (G.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Dmitry Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.M.); (D.A.)
| | - Yulia Yugay
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.S.); (Z.T.); (T.R.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (D.B.); (T.G.); (V.K.); (G.T.); (V.B.)
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Lee S, Jung SY, Yoo D, Go D, Park JY, Lee JM, Um W. Alternatives of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as potential therapeutic platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1478517. [PMID: 39315312 PMCID: PMC11417005 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1478517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With outstanding therapeutic potential in the tissue regeneration and anti-inflammation, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) have emerged as a prominent therapeutic in recent. However, poor production yield and reproducibility have remained as significant challenges of their practical applications. To surmount these challenges, various alternative materials with stem cell-like functions, have been recently investigated, however, there has been no comprehensive analysis in these alternatives so far. Here, we discuss the recent progress of alternatives of MSC-EXOs, including exosomes and exosome-like nanovesicles from various biological sources such as plants, milk, microbes, and body fluids. Moreover, we extensively compare each alternative by summarizing their unique functions and mode of actions to suggest the expected therapeutic target and future directions for developing alternatives for MSC-EXOs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Neupane KR, Aryal SP, Harvey BT, Ramon GS, Chun B, McCorkle JR, Kolesar JM, Kekenes-Huskey PM, Richards CI. Organelle Specific Macrophage Engineered Vesicles Differentially Reprogram Macrophage Polarization. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401906. [PMID: 39240019 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the majority of the immune cells present in the tumor microenvironment. These macrophages exhibit an anti-inflammatory (M2)-like physiological state and execute immune-suppressive and tumor-supporting properties. With TAMs being plastic, there is a growing interest in reprogramming them toward a pro-inflammatory (M1)-like phenotype that exhibits anti-tumoral properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that both engineered vesicles derived from macrophages and endogenous extracellular vesicles produced by macrophages can be programmed to alter macrophage phenotype. Here it is demonstrated that pro-inflammatory macrophage-engineered subcellular vesicles (MEVs) have differential properties based on their organelle of origin. Endoplasmic reticulum specific MEVs (erMEVs) treated M2 macrophages exhibit enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production compared to plasma membrane specific MEVs (pmMEVs) treated M2 macrophages. In addition, under in vitro co-culture conditions, erMEVs elicit superior efficacy in suppressing the viability of cancer cells compared to the same concentration of pmMEVs. Furthermore, erMEVs and pmMEVs maintain differences in their membrane proteins, that regulate the repolarization efficacy of M2 macrophages toward an M1-like phenotype. In addition, The M2 to M1 repolarizing efficacy of MEVs can be altered by changing the activity of the membrane proteins present on erMEVs or pmMEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaga R Neupane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Surya P Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Brock T Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Geraldine San Ramon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Byeong Chun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60153, USA
| | - J Robert McCorkle
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA
| | - Jill M Kolesar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA
| | - Peter M Kekenes-Huskey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60153, USA
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6
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Chelnokova IA, Nikitina IA, Starodubtseva MN. Mechanical properties of blood exosomes and lipoproteins after the rat whole blood irradiation with X-rays in vitro explored by atomic force microscopy. Micron 2024; 184:103662. [PMID: 38838454 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Blood is a two-component system with two levels of hierarchy: the macrosystem of blood formed elements and the dispersed system of blood nanoparticles. Biological nanoparticles are the key participants in communication between the irradiated and non-irradiated cells and inducers of the non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation. The work aimed at studying by atomic force microscopy the structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of exosomes and lipoproteins (LDL/VLDL) isolated from rat blood after its exposure to X-rays in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The whole blood of Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet was irradiated with X-rays (1 and 100 Gy) in vitro. The structural and mechanical properties (the elastic modulus and nonspecific adhesion force) of exosome and lipoprotein isolates from the blood by ultracentrifugation method were studied using Bruker Bioscope Resolve atomic force microscope in PF QNM mode, their electric properties (the zeta-potential) was measured by electrophoretic mobility. RESULTS Lipoproteins isolated from non-irradiated blood were softer (Me(LQ; UQ): 7.8(4.9;12.1) MPa) compared to blood nanoparticles of its exosome fraction (34.8(22.6;44.9) MPa) containing both exosomes and non-membrane nanoparticles. X-ray blood irradiation with a dose of 1 Gy significantly weakened the elastic properties of lipoproteins. Exposure of the blood to 100 Gy X-rays made lipoproteins stiffer and their nonspecific adhesive properties stronger. The radiation effects on the mechanical parameters of exosomes and non-membrane nanoparticles in exosome fractions differed. The significant radiation-induced change in electric properties of the studied nanoparticles was detected only for lipoproteins in the blood irradiated with 1 Gy X-rays. The low-dose radiation-induced changes in zeta-potential and increase in lipoprotein size with the appearance of a soft thick surface layer indicate the formation of the modified lipoproteins covered with a corona from macromolecules of irradiated blood. CONCLUSION Our data obtained using the nanomechanical mapping mode of AFM are the first evidence of the significant radiation-induced changes in the structural and mechanical properties of the dispersed system of blood nanoparticles after the X-ray irradiation of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Chelnokova
- Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Gomel, Belarus.
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7
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Zeng M, Liu M, Tao X, Yin X, Shen C, Wang X. Emerging Trends in the Application of Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Oral Delivery Vehicles for Therapeutics in Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:8573-8601. [PMID: 39185348 PMCID: PMC11345024 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s475532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation involves complex immune responses where cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 promote vasodilation and increased vascular permeability to facilitate immune cell migration to inflammation sites. Persistent inflammation is linked to diseases like cancer, arthritis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although oral anti-inflammatory drugs are favored for their non-invasiveness and cost-effectiveness, their efficacy is often compromised due to gastrointestinal degradation and limited bioavailability. Recent advancements highlight the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as nanocarriers that enhance drug delivery by encapsulating therapeutic agents, ensuring targeted release and reduced toxicity. These EVs, derived from dietary sources and cell cultures, exhibit excellent biocompatibility and stability, presenting a novel approach in anti-inflammatory therapies. This review discusses the classification and advantages of orally administered EVs (O-EVs), their mechanism of action, and their emerging role in treating inflammatory conditions, positioning them as promising vectors in the development of innovative anti-inflammatory drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maozhu Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuelin Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Cui L, Perini G, Palmieri V, De Spirito M, Papi M. Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Frontier in Cancer Therapeutics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1331. [PMID: 39195369 DOI: 10.3390/nano14161331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in nanomedicine and biotechnology have unveiled the remarkable potential of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) as a novel and promising approach for cancer treatment. These naturally occurring nanoscale particles exhibit exceptional biocompatibility, targeted delivery capabilities, and the capacity to load therapeutic agents, positioning them at the forefront of innovative cancer therapy strategies. PDEVs are distinguished by their unique properties that facilitate tumor targeting and penetration, thereby enhancing the efficacy of drug delivery systems. Their intrinsic biological composition allows for the evasion of the immune response, enabling the efficient transport of loaded therapeutic molecules directly to tumor sites. Moreover, PDEVs possess inherent anti-cancer properties, including the ability to induce cell cycle arrest and promote apoptotic pathways within tumor cells. These vesicles have also demonstrated antimetastatic effects, inhibiting the spread and growth of cancer cells. The multifunctional nature of PDEVs allows for the simultaneous delivery of multiple therapeutic agents, further enhancing their therapeutic potential. Engineering and modification techniques, such as encapsulation, and the loading of therapeutic agents via electroporation, sonication, and incubation, have enabled the customization of PDEVs to improve their targeting efficiency and therapeutic load capacity. This includes surface modifications to increase affinity for specific tumor markers and the encapsulation of various types of therapeutic agents, such as small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins. Their plant-derived origin offers an abundant and renewable source to produce therapeutic vesicles, reducing costs and facilitating scalability for clinical applications. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest research on PDEVs as emerging anti-cancer agents in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Cui
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Zhao B, Lin H, Jiang X, Li W, Gao Y, Li M, Yu Y, Chen N, Gao J. Exosome-like nanoparticles derived from fruits, vegetables, and herbs: innovative strategies of therapeutic and drug delivery. Theranostics 2024; 14:4598-4621. [PMID: 39239509 PMCID: PMC11373634 DOI: 10.7150/thno.97096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past ten years, significant advancements have been made in exploring plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) for disease therapeutics and drug delivery. PELNs, as inherent nanoscale particles comprised of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and secondary metabolites, exhibit the capacity for cellular uptake by human cells. This intercellular interaction transcends biological boundaries, effectively influencing biological functions in animals. PELNs have outstanding biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, enhanced safety, and environmentally friendly sustainability. This article summarized the preparation methods and characteristics of PELNs. It provided a systematic review of the varied roles of PELNs derived from fruits, vegetables, and herbs in disease therapeutics and drug delivery. The challenges in their production and application were discussed, and future prospects in this rapidly evolving field were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Hangjuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Xinchi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wanshu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Yuli Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Ninggang Chen
- Department of Dermatology Medical Cosmetology Center, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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10
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Lee KWA, Chan LKW, Hung LC, Phoebe LKW, Park Y, Yi KH. Clinical Applications of Exosomes: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7794. [PMID: 39063033 PMCID: PMC11277529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by cells, have gained significant attention for their therapeutic potential. Measuring 30-100 nm in diameter and derived from various cell types, exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and RNA between cells. This review analyzes existing literature on the clinical applications of exosomes. We conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles and clinical trial data to evaluate the benefits, limitations, and challenges of exosome-based therapies. Key areas of focus included regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, gene therapy, and diagnostic biomarkers. This review highlights the vast clinical applications of exosomes. In regenerative medicine, exosomes facilitate tissue repair and regeneration. In cancer therapy, exosomes can deliver therapeutic agents directly to tumor cells. In gene therapy, exosomes serve as vectors for gene delivery. As diagnostic biomarkers, they are useful in diagnosing various diseases. Challenges such as the isolation, purification, and characterization of exosomes were identified. Current clinical trials demonstrate the potential of exosome-based therapies, though they also reveal significant hurdles. Regulatory issues, including the need for standardization and validation of exosome products, are critical for advancing these therapies. While significant progress has been made in understanding exosome biology, further research is essential to fully unlock their clinical potential. Addressing challenges in isolation, purification, and regulatory standardization is crucial for their successful application in clinical practice. This review provides a concise overview of the clinical applications of exosomes, emphasizing both their therapeutic promise and the obstacles that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Wai Alvin Lee
- EverKeen Medical Centre, Hong Kong; (K.W.A.L.); (L.K.W.C.); (L.C.H.)
| | | | - Lee Cheuk Hung
- EverKeen Medical Centre, Hong Kong; (K.W.A.L.); (L.K.W.C.); (L.C.H.)
| | | | | | - Kyu-Ho Yi
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Maylin Clinic (Apgujeong), Seoul B1F 450, Republic of Korea
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11
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Meng Y, Sun J, Yu T, Piao H. Plant-derived nanovesicles offer a promising avenue for anti-aging interventions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14283. [PMID: 38627963 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the study of plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) has emerged as a hot topic of discussion and research in the scientific community. This remarkable interest stems from their potential role in facilitating intercellular communication and their unique ability to deliver biologically active components, including proteins, lipids, and miRNAs, to recipient cells. This fascinating ability to act as a molecular courier has opened up an entirely new dimension in our understanding of plant biology. The field of research focusing on the potential applications of PDNVs is still in its nascent stages. However, it has already started gaining traction due to the growing interest in its possible use in various branches of biotechnology and medicine. Their unique properties and versatile applications offer promising future research and development prospects in these fields. Despite the significant progress in our understanding, many unanswered questions and mysteries surround the mechanisms by which PDNVs function and their potential applications. There is a dire need for further extensive research to elucidate these mechanisms and explore the full potential of these fascinating vesicles. As the technology at our disposal advances and our understanding of PDNVs deepens, it is beyond doubt that PDNVs will continue to be a subject of intense research in anti-aging therapeutics. This comprehensive review is designed to delve into the fascinating and multifaceted world of PDNV-based research, particularly focusing on how these nanovesicles can be applied to anti-aging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Dadong district, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biobank, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Dadong district, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Dadong district, Shenyang, China
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Dadong district, Shenyang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Dadong district, Shenyang, China
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12
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Shen S, Liu Y, Xia Y, Xia H, Xie Z, Xu Y. Engineered plant extracellular vesicles for natural delivery across physiological barriers. Food Funct 2024; 15:1737-1757. [PMID: 38284549 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale luminal vesicles that participate in the information transfer of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids between cells, thereby playing a role in the treatment of diseases and the delivery of nutrients. In recent years, plant-derived EVs (PDEVs) containing bioactive compounds have attracted increasing interest due to their better biocompatibility and lower cytotoxicity in healthy tissues. In the biomedical field, PDEVs have been used as cargo carriers to achieve various functions through engineering modification techniques. This review focuses on the biogenesis, isolation, and identification of PDEVs. We discuss the surface functionalization of PDEVs to enhance therapeutic efficacy, thereby improving their efficiency as a next-generation drug delivery vehicle and their feasibility to treat diseases across the physiological barriers, while critically analyzing the current challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Yifang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Si Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Yinyin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Hongmei Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Zili Xie
- Anhui Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei 230051, China
| | - Yinxiang Xu
- Zhaoke (Hefei) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hefei 230088, China
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13
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Shao M, Jin X, Chen S, Yang N, Feng G. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles -a novel clinical anti-inflammatory drug carrier worthy of investigation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115904. [PMID: 37984307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have shown remarkable potential as sustainable, green, and efficient drug delivery nanocarriers. As natural nanoparticles containing lipids, protein, nucleic acids and secondary metabolites, they have received widespread attention as a replacement for mammalian exosomes in recent years. In this review, the advances in isolation, identification, composition, therapeutic effect, and clinical application prospect were comprehensively reviewed, respectively. In addition, the specific modification strategies have been listed focusing on the inherent drawbacks of the raw PDEVs like low targeting efficiency and poor homogeneity. With emphasis on their biology mechanism in terms of immune regulation, regulating oxidative stress and promoting regeneration in the anti-inflammatory field and application value demonstrated by citing some typical examples, this review about PDEVs would provide a broad and fundamental vision for the in-depth exploration and development of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in the in-vivo anti-inflammation and even other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Shao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Sixi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Ganzhu Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China.
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14
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Yeo J. Food-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Multi-Bioactive Complex and Their Versatile Health Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1862. [PMID: 37891941 PMCID: PMC10604675 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound organelles that are generally released by eukaryotic cells and enclose various cellular metabolic information, such as RNA, meta-proteins, and versatile metabolites. The physiological properties and diverse functions of food-derived EVs have been extensively elucidated, along with a recent explosive upsurge in EV research. Therefore, a concise review of the health effects of food-derived EVs is necessary. This review summarizes the structural stability and uptake pathways of food-derived EVs to target cells and their health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic effects, gut microbiome modulation, and intestinal barrier enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuDong Yeo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Mu N, Li J, Zeng L, You J, Li R, Qin A, Liu X, Yan F, Zhou Z. Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles: Current Progress and Prospects. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4987-5009. [PMID: 37693885 PMCID: PMC10492547 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s420748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles, ranging in size from 30-150nm, which can be derived from various types of cells. In recent years, mammalian-derived exosomes have been extensively studied and found to play a crucial role in regulating intercellular communication, thereby influencing the development and progression of numerous diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has employed plant-based remedies for thousands of years, and an increasing body of evidence suggests that plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PELNs) share similarities with mammalian-derived exosomes in terms of their structure and function. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the study of PELNs and their potential implications for human health. Specifically, we summarize the roles of PELNs in respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and other diseases. Furthermore, we have extensively investigated the potential shortcomings and challenges in current research regarding the mechanism of action, safety, administration routes, isolation and extraction methods, characterization and identification techniques, as well as drug-loading capabilities. Based on these considerations, we propose recommendations for future research directions. Overall, our review highlights the potential of PELNs as a promising area of research, with broad implications for the treatment of human diseases. We anticipate continued interest in this area and hope that our summary of recent findings will stimulate further exploration into the implications of PELNs for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai Mu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan You
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anquan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Yan
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
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