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Sikandar A, Rao W, He H, Chen B, Xu X, Wu H. Metabolomics and histopathological analysis of two tomato cultivars after co-infection with soil-borne pathogens (Southern root-knot nematode and Fusarium wilt fungus). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:108983. [PMID: 39094484 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and Fusarium wilt fungus (Fusarium oxysporum) are one of the most predominant pathogens responsible for substantial agricultural yield reduction of tomato. The current study planned to assess the effects of M. incognita (Mi) and F. oxysporum (Fo) and their co-infection on two tomato cultivars, Zhongza 09 (ZZ09) and Gailing Maofen 802 (GLM802). The present study examined the effects of co-infection on leaf morphology, chlorophyll content, leaf area, and histopathology. The present study used metabolomics to evaluate plant-pathogen interactions. The outcomes of the current study revealed that chlorophyll content and leaf area decreased more in GLM802 during co-infection. In co-infection (Fo + Mi), the chlorophyll content reduction in ZZ09 was 11%, while in GLM802 the reduction reached up to 31% as compared to control. Moreover, the reduction in leaf are in ZZ09 was 31%, however, in the GLM802 reduction was observed 54% as compared to control plants. Similarly, GLM802 stems exhibited larger brown patches on their vascular bundles than ZZ09 stems. The rate of browning of GLM802 stems was 247% more than ZZ09, during co-infection. Moreover, GLM802 roots exhibited a higher abundance of hyphae and larger galls than ZZ09 roots. In metabolic studies, glutathione, succinic acid, and 2-isopropylmalic acid decreased, whereas spermine and fumaric acid increased in GLM802 co-infected stems. It indicates that GLM802 is weakly resistant; therefore, F. oxysporum and other pathogens readily damage tissue. In the co-infected stem of ZZ09, L-asparagine and shikimic acid increased, but pipecolic acid, L-saccharine, and 2-isopropylmalic acid declined. L-asparagine was crucial in preserving the stability of nitrogen metabolism, chlorophyll synthesis, and leaf growth in ZZ09. Shikimic acid's substantial accumulation could explain the limited extent of browning observed in the vascular bundles of ZZ09. Thus, the present study provides insight into M. incognita and F. oxysporum co-infection in two tomato cultivars, which may aid breeding efforts to generate commercially viable resistant cultivars. However, further research on the relationship between M. incognita and F. oxysporum in different host plants is required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatika Sikandar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenkai Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Heliang He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Bochang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiongbiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Vinothini K, Nakkeeran S, Saranya N, Jothi P, Richard JI, Perveen K, Bukhari NA, Glick BR, Sayyed RZ, Mastinu A. Rhizosphere Engineering of Biocontrol Agents Enriches Soil Microbial Diversity and Effectively Controls Root-Knot Nematodes. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:120. [PMID: 39340684 PMCID: PMC11438712 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The root-knot nematode (RKN) causes significant yield loss in tomatoes. Understanding the interaction of biocontrol agents (BCAs)-nematicides-soil microbiomes and RKNs is essential for enhancing the efficacy of biocontrol agents and nematicides to curb RKN damage to crops. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of BACa and nematicide against RKN and to apply the amplicon sequencing to assess the interaction of Bacillus velezensis (VB7) and Trichoderma koningiopsis (TK) against RKNs. Metagenomic analysis revealed the relative abundance of three phyla such as Proteobacteria (42.16%), Firmicutes (19.57%), and Actinobacteria (17.69%) in tomato rhizospheres. Those tomato rhizospheres treated with the combined application of B. velezensis VB7 + T. koningiopsis TK and RKN had a greater frequency of diversity and richness than the control. RKN-infested tomato rhizosphere drenched with bacterial and fungal antagonists had the maximum diversity index of bacterial communities. A strong correlation with a maximum number of interconnection edges in the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria was evident in soils treated with both B. velezensis VB7 and T. koningiopsis TK challenged against RKN in infected soil. The present study determined a much greater diversity of bacterial taxa observed in tomato rhizosphere soils treated with B. velezensis VB7 and T. koningiopsis TK than in untreated soil. It is suggested that the increased diversity and abundance of bacterial communities might be responsible for increased nematicidal properties in tomato plants. Hence, the combined applications of B. velezensis VB7 and T. koningiopsis TK can enhance the nematicidal action to curb RKN infecting tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vinothini
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - S Nakkeeran
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
| | - N Saranya
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - P Jothi
- Department of Nematology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - J Infant Richard
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Kahkashan Perveen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-22452, 11495, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat A Bukhari
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-22452, 11495, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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Pérez-Anzúrez G, Mendoza-de Gives P, Alonso-Díaz MÁ, von Son-de Fernex E, Paz-Silva A, López-Arellano ME, Olmedo-Juárez A. Lecanicillium psalliotae (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) Exerts Ovicidal and Larvicidal Effects against the Sheep Blood-Feeding Nematode Haemonchus contortus through Its Liquid Culture Filtrates. Pathogens 2024; 13:588. [PMID: 39057815 PMCID: PMC11280379 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nematophagous fungi (NF) form part of the soil microbiota and are natural enemies of nematodes, helping to regulate nematode populations. A verticillate NF isolated from soil from Tepalcingo, Mexico, was morphologically and molecularly characterised. This fungus was cultured in two different liquid media-Czapek-Dox broth (CzDoxB) and sweet potato dextrose broth (SPDB)-for 21 days. The ovicidal (OA) and larvicidal (LA) activities of fungal liquid culture filtrates (LCFs) were assessed in 96-well microtitre plates at different concentrations against Haemonchus contortus after 48 h. The morphological and molecular identification revealed the presence of Lecanicillium psalliotae. Additionally, the groups of compounds associated with nematocidal activity were determined from a qualitative chemical profile (QCP) using different reagents. The highest OA of the LCFs was obtained at 25 mg/mL from SPDB and CzDoxB and amounted to 97.2 and 99.06%, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest LA recorded with these LCFs at 100 mg/mL was 54.27% and 96.8%, respectively. The QCP revealed the presence of alkaloids and tannins in both LCFs that have previously been associated with nematocidal activity. Lecanicillium psalliotae exerted an important effect on H. contortus and could be of significance in future studies focused on the control and prevention of haemonchosis in small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pérez-Anzúrez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Jiutepec 62550, Mexico; (G.P.-A.); (M.E.L.-A.); (A.O.-J.)
- Production Sciences and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico
| | - Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Jiutepec 62550, Mexico; (G.P.-A.); (M.E.L.-A.); (A.O.-J.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Alonso-Díaz
- Tropical Livestock Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Martínez de la Torre 93600, Mexico; (M.Á.A.-D.); (E.v.S.-d.F.)
| | - Elke von Son-de Fernex
- Tropical Livestock Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Martínez de la Torre 93600, Mexico; (M.Á.A.-D.); (E.v.S.-d.F.)
| | - Adolfo Paz-Silva
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27142 Lugo, Spain;
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Jiutepec 62550, Mexico; (G.P.-A.); (M.E.L.-A.); (A.O.-J.)
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Jiutepec 62550, Mexico; (G.P.-A.); (M.E.L.-A.); (A.O.-J.)
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Sikandar A, Wu F, He H, Ullah RMK, Wu H. Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Variations in Tomatoes after Infection with Different Density Levels of Meloidogyne enterolobii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:293. [PMID: 38256846 PMCID: PMC10819788 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Meloidogyne enterolobii is an extremely important plant parasitic nematode. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an essential worldwide vegetable, and M. enterolobii poses a major threat to its production. The present research investigated the effects of different levels of inoculum density of M. enterolobii (100, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 second-stage juveniles (J2s)/plant) on tomato growth, physiological, and biochemical changes at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). The negative impact of M. enterolobii on plants gradually increased when the inoculum level increased. Therefore, M. enterolobii population densities (500-2000 J2s/plant) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced plant growth, photosynthetic pigmentation, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence compared to control plants, while the low population density (100 J2s/plant) showed very little influence. Furthermore, plants with the highest M. enterolobii inoculum (2000 J2s/plant) exhibited a greater number of egg masses and galls. The inoculum densities of M. enterolobii exhibited a notable correlation with the significant elevation of both malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, which are recognized as very detrimental stresses in plants. Similarly, a rise in the activity of several defensive antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), indicates the defensive mechanism used to combat the oxidative destruction produced by M. enterolobii. The specific activity of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (ASA) increased as potent antioxidant defense molecules in response to induced oxidative damage. In addition, our findings also demonstrated that the highest population density (2000 J2s/plant) increased the secondary metabolites responsible for scavenging oxidative stress in the plants. However, further research is required to explore the underlying reasons for this phenomenon and to develop efficient chemical or biocontrol strategies for managing M. enterolobii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haiyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.W.); (H.H.); (R.M.K.U.)
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Liu S, Zhang K, Yu Y, Lian X, Jiang L, Meng F, Wang Y, Zhu X, Duan Y. Influence of medium modifications (optimization) on high nematicidal activity of the fermentation broth of Clostridium beijerinckii. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1283112. [PMID: 38239919 PMCID: PMC10795176 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1283112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The nematode species Meloidogyne incognita has been responsible for significant financial losses within the agricultural sector. Nematophagous bacteria, characterised by their extensive distribution and broad spectrum of hosts, exhibit remarkable efficacy as natural antagonists against nematodes. Sneb518 (Clostridium beijerinckii) fermentation broth displayed substantial biocontrol activity against M. incognita in previous research. Optimizing fermentation conditions is a fundamental technique for dramatically enhancing end product performance. There has been no such study conducted yet on enhancing the nematicidal activities of Sneb518 (Clostridium beijerinckii) fermentation using response surface methodology (RSM). Methods: The influence of strain Sneb518 fermentation media and conditions on nematicidal activity was examined using the three-factor technique and a Plackett-Burman design, and the interaction between various fermentation factors was examined using a Box-Behnken design. The present study employed response surface methodology (RSM) to examine and enhance the nematicidal activity of Sneb518 culture filtrates by identifying and optimising the influential components. Results: Glucose, peanut cake flour, and potassium chloride as carbon, nitrogen, and inorganic salts displayed considerably increased nematicidal potential in the present study. Furthermore, the corrected mortality of J2 ranged from 52.24% to 91.15% when utilizing the Box-Behnken design. These findings clearly support the application of RSM for medium optimization. Moreover, the outcomes of the validation experiment corresponded to the model predictions. Discussion: This research has enhanced the biocontrol ability of C. beijerinckii to control M. incognita and this research has led to the advancement of new biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kejun Zhang
- Tianjin Vocational College of Bioengineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinglong Lian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lanyuwen Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxi Duan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Chen Y, Liu Q, Sun X, Liu L, Zhao J, Yang S, Wang X, Quentin M, Abad P, Favery B, Jian H. Meloidogyne enterolobii MeMSP1 effector targets the glutathione-S-transferase phi GSTF family in Arabidopsis to manipulate host metabolism and promote nematode parasitism. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2468-2483. [PMID: 37823217 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Meloidogyne enterolobii is an emerging root-knot nematode species that overcomes most of the nematode resistance genes in crops. Nematode effector proteins secreted in planta are key elements in the molecular dialogue of parasitism. Here, we show the MeMSP1 effector is secreted into giant cells and promotes M. enterolobii parasitism. Using co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescent complementation assays, we identified glutathione-S-transferase phi GSTFs as host targets of the MeMSP1 effector. This protein family plays important roles in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. We demonstrate that MeMSP1 interacts with all Arabidopsis GSTF. Moreover, we confirmed that the N-terminal region of AtGSTF9 is critical for its interaction, and atgstf9 mutant lines are more susceptible to root-knot nematode infection. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that MeMSP1 affects the metabolic pathways of Arabidopsis thaliana, resulting in the accumulation of amino acids, nucleic acids, and their metabolites, and organic acids and the downregulation of flavonoids. Our study has shed light on a novel effector mechanism that targets plant metabolism, reducing the production of plant defence-related compounds while favouring the accumulation of metabolites beneficial to the nematode, and thereby promoting parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Xuqian Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Michaël Quentin
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Pierre Abad
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Bruno Favery
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Heng Jian
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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López-Lima D, Alarcón-Utrera D, Ordáz-Meléndez JÁ, Villain L, Carrión G. Metarhizium carneum Formulations: A Promising New Biological Control to Be Incorporated in the Integrated Management of Meloidogyne enterolobii on Tomato Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3431. [PMID: 37836171 PMCID: PMC10574380 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the populations of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii in various vegetables such as tomatoes grown under greenhouse conditions as well as increasing restrictions on the use of certain chemical nematicides have led to the search for new, effective management strategies, preferably ones that are sustainable biological alternatives. In this work, two formulations of the nematophagous fungus Metarhizium carneum, one concentrated suspension and one wettable powder, were evaluated under greenhouse conditions to reduce the M. enterolobii infestation in tomato plants. In addition, the effectiveness of the liquid formulation of M. carneum was compared with two biological and three chemical commercial nematicides. The results show that the two M. carneum formulations reduced the M. enterolobii population density by 78 and 66% in relation to the control treatment. In comparison, the liquid formulation of M. carneum and Purpureocillium lilacinum treatments reduced nematode population density by 72 and 43%, respectively, while for metam sodium preplanting applications followed by M. carneum applications during the tomato growth stage, the reduction was 96%. The alternate use of some chemical compounds plus the application of M. carneum as a biocontrol is a good starting strategy for managing M. enterolobii populations. These results confirm that M. carneum is a serious candidate for the short-term commercialization of an environmentally friendly biological nematicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel López-Lima
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Mexico
| | | | | | - Luc Villain
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR DIADE, 34398 Montpellier, France
- Diversité, Adaptation et Développement des plantes (DIADE), Université de Montpellier, Pole Agriculture Environnement Biodiversité, IRD, CIRAD, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Gloria Carrión
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Xalapa 91073, Mexico
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Sikandar A, Gao F, Mo Y, Chen Q, Ullah RMK, Wu H. Efficacy of Aspergillus tubingensis GX3' Fermentation against Meloidogyne enterolobii in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2724. [PMID: 37514339 PMCID: PMC10385188 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Meloidogyne enterolobii is one of the most virulent root-knot nematodes (RKNs). Aspergillus tubingensis Raoul Mosseray, 1934, is used to produce bioactive substances, enzymes, and secondary metabolites. However, no research has been conducted yet on the efficacy of A. tubingensis against plant-parasitic nematodes. Thus, the novel research was planned to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of A. tubingensis fermentation against M. enterolobii. The findings showed that egg hatching inhibition and mortality of M. enterolobii increased with increasing concentration of fermentation and exposure time. The maximum second-stage juveniles (J2s) mortality was achieved via 100% fermentation at 72 h. Similarly, 100% fermentation inhibited 99.9% of egg hatching at 8 d. A. tubingensis fermentation increased plant biomass, decreased second-stage juvenile invasion, and inhibited nematode development and reproduction in greenhouse conditions. A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+ (coated seeds plants with nematodes inoculum) and 27.04% with T+ (100% fermentation broth and nematodes inoculum both) treatments. Moreover, CS+ and T+ treatments decreased nematode development by 54.31% and 21.48%, respectively. It is concluded that the A. tubingensis GX3 strain can be used as a novel microbial biocontrol agent against M. enterolobii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatika Sikandar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fukun Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yixue Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rana Muhammad Kaleem Ullah
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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