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Sun Y, Yang X, Wu R, Lv S, Li Y, Jia H, Yang Y, Li B, Chen W, Allan AC, Jiang G, Shi YN, Chen K. DNA methylation controlling abscisic acid catabolism responds to light to mediate strawberry fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38896078 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Phytohormones, epigenetic regulation and environmental factors regulate fruit ripening but their interplay during strawberry fruit ripening remains to be determined. In this study, bagged strawberry fruit exhibited delayed ripening compared with fruit grown in normal light, correlating with reduced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation. Transcription of the key ABA catabolism gene, ABA 8'-hydroxylase FaCYP707A4, was induced in bagged fruit. With light exclusion whole genome DNA methylation levels were up-regulated, corresponding to a delayed ripening process, while DNA methylation levels in the promoter of FaCYP707A4 were suppressed, correlating with increases in transcript and decreased ABA content. Experiments indicated FaCRY1, a blue light receptor repressed in bagged fruit and FaAGO4, a key protein involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation, could bind to the promoter of FaCYP707A4. The interaction between FaCRY1 and FaAGO4, and an increased enrichment of FaAGO4 directed to the FaCYP707A4 promoter in fruit grown under light suggests FaCRY1 may influence FaAGO4 to modulate the DNA methylation status of the FaCYP707A4 promoter. Furthermore, transient overexpression of FaCRY1, or an increase in FaCRY1 transcription by blue light treatment, increases the methylation level of the FaCYP707A4 promoter, while transient RNA interference of FaCRY1 displayed opposite phenotypes. These findings reveal a mechanism by which DNA methylation influences ABA catabolism, and participates in light-mediated strawberry ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Sun
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shouzheng Lv
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunduan Li
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haoran Jia
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baijun Li
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Na Shi
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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2
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Zhou X, Zhang L, Zhang P, Xu H, Song J, Chang Y, Cai T, Xie C. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed important processes underlying the static magnetic field effects on Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1390031. [PMID: 38863539 PMCID: PMC11165219 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1390031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Static magnetic field (SMF) plays important roles in various biological processes of many organisms including plants, though the molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. Here in this study, we evaluated different magnetic setups to test their effects on growth and development on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and discovered that plant growth was significantly enhanced by inhomogeneous SMF generated by a regular triangular prism magnet perpendicular to the direction of gravity. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that auxin synthesis and signal transduction genes were upregulated by SMF exposure. SMF also facilitated plants to maintain the iron homeostasis. The expression of iron metabolism-related genes was downregulated by SMF, however, the iron content in plant tissues remains relatively unchanged. Furthermore, SMF exposure also helped the plants to reduce ROS level and synergistically maintain the oxidant balance by enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of nicotinamide. Taken together, our data suggested that SMF is involved in regulating the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana through maintaining iron homeostasis and balancing oxidative stress, which could be beneficial for plant survival and growth. The work presented here would extend our understanding of the mechanism and the regulatory network of how magnetic field affects the plant growth, which would provide insights into the development of novel plant synthetic biology technologies to engineer stress-resistant and high-yielding crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhou
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Jialei Song
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yafei Chang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tiantian Cai
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Xie
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Qu GP, Jiang B, Lin C. The dual-action mechanism of Arabidopsis cryptochromes. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:883-896. [PMID: 37902426 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor cryptochromes (CRYs) mediate blue-light regulation of plant growth and development. It has been reported that Arabidopsis CRY1and CRY2 function by physically interacting with at least 84 proteins, including transcription factors or co-factors, chromatin regulators, splicing factors, messenger RNA methyltransferases, DNA repair proteins, E3 ubiquitin ligases, protein kinases and so on. Of these 84 proteins, 47 have been reported to exhibit altered binding affinity to CRYs in response to blue light, and 41 have been shown to exhibit condensation to CRY photobodies. The blue light-regulated composition or condensation of CRY complexes results in changes of gene expression and developmental programs. In this mini-review, we analyzed recent studies of the photoregulatory mechanisms of Arabidopsis CRY complexes and proposed the dual mechanisms of action, including the "Lock-and-Key" and the "Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS)" mechanisms. The dual CRY action mechanisms explain, at least partially, the structural diversity of CRY-interacting proteins and the functional diversity of the CRY photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Ping Qu
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bochen Jiang
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chentao Lin
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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4
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Li J, Song Y. Plant thermosensors. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 342:112025. [PMID: 38354752 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Plants dynamically regulate their genes expression and physiological outputs to adapt to changing temperatures. The underlying molecular mechanisms have been extensively studied in diverse plants and in multiple dimensions. However, the question of exactly how temperature is detected at molecular level to transform the physical information into recognizable intracellular signals remains continues to be one of the undetermined occurrences in plant science. Recent studies have provided the physical and biochemical mechanistic breakthrough of how temperature changes can influence molecular thermodynamically stability, thus changing molecular structures, activities, interaction and signaling transduction. In this review, we focus on the thermosensing mechanisms of recognized and potential plant thermosensors, to describe the multi-level thermal input system in plants. We also consider the attributes of a thermosensor on the basis of thermal-triggered changes in function, structure, and physical parameters. This study thus provides a reference for discovering more plant thermosensors and elucidating plant thermal adaptive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, Lanzhou, China.
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5
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Huq E, Lin C, Quail PH. Light signaling in plants-a selective history. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:213-231. [PMID: 38431282 PMCID: PMC11060691 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In addition to providing the radiant energy that drives photosynthesis, sunlight carries signals that enable plants to grow, develop and adapt optimally to the prevailing environment. Here we trace the path of research that has led to our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the plant's capacity to perceive and transduce these signals into appropriate growth and developmental responses. Because a fully comprehensive review was not possible, we have restricted our coverage to the phytochrome and cryptochrome classes of photosensory receptors, while recognizing that the phototropin and UV classes also contribute importantly to the full scope of light-signal monitoring by the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chentao Lin
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peter H Quail
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
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6
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Kimura I, Kanegae T. A phytochrome/phototropin chimeric photoreceptor promotes growth of fern gametophytes under limited light conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2403-2416. [PMID: 38189579 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Many ferns thrive even in low-light niches such as under an angiosperm forest canopy. However, the shade adaptation strategy of ferns is not well understood. Phytochrome 3/neochrome (phy3/neo) is an unconventional photoreceptor, found in the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris, that controls both red and blue light-dependent phototropism and chloroplast photorelocation, which are considered to improve photosynthetic efficiency in ferns. Here we show that phy3/neo localizes not only at the plasma membrane but also in the nucleus. Since both phototropism and chloroplast photorelocation are mediated by membrane-associated phototropin photoreceptors, we speculated that nucleus-localized phy3/neo possesses a previously undescribed biological function. We reveal that phy3/neo directly interacts with Adiantum cryptochrome 3 (cry3) in the nucleus. Plant cryptochromes are blue light receptors that transcriptionally regulate photomorphogenesis; therefore, phy3/neo may function via cry3 to synchronize light-mediated development with phototropism and chloroplast photorelocation to promote fern growth under low-light conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that phy3/neo regulates the expression of the Cyclin-like gene AcCyc1 and promotes prothallium expansion growth. These findings provide insight into the shade adaptation strategy of ferns and suggest that phy3/neo plays a substantial role in the survival and growth of ferns during the tiny gametophytic stage under low-light conditions, such as those on the forest floor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Kimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanegae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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7
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Aguida B, Babo J, Baouz S, Jourdan N, Procopio M, El-Esawi MA, Engle D, Mills S, Wenkel S, Huck A, Berg-Sørensen K, Kampranis SC, Link J, Ahmad M. 'Seeing' the electromagnetic spectrum: spotlight on the cryptochrome photocycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1340304. [PMID: 38495372 PMCID: PMC10940379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1340304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are widely dispersed flavoprotein photoreceptors that regulate numerous developmental responses to light in plants, as well as to stress and entrainment of the circadian clock in animals and humans. All cryptochromes are closely related to an ancient family of light-absorbing flavoenzymes known as photolyases, which use light as an energy source for DNA repair but themselves have no light sensing role. Here we review the means by which plant cryptochromes acquired a light sensing function. This transition involved subtle changes within the flavin binding pocket which gave rise to a visual photocycle consisting of light-inducible and dark-reversible flavin redox state transitions. In this photocycle, light first triggers flavin reduction from an initial dark-adapted resting state (FADox). The reduced state is the biologically active or 'lit' state, correlating with biological activity. Subsequently, the photoreduced flavin reoxidises back to the dark adapted or 'resting' state. Because the rate of reoxidation determines the lifetime of the signaling state, it significantly modulates biological activity. As a consequence of this redox photocycle Crys respond to both the wavelength and the intensity of light, but are in addition regulated by factors such as temperature, oxygen concentration, and cellular metabolites that alter rates of flavin reoxidation even independently of light. Mechanistically, flavin reduction is correlated with conformational change in the protein, which is thought to mediate biological activity through interaction with biological signaling partners. In addition, a second, entirely independent signaling mechanism arises from the cryptochrome photocycle in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These are synthesized during flavin reoxidation, are known mediators of biotic and abiotic stress responses, and have been linked to Cry biological activity in plants and animals. Additional special properties arising from the cryptochrome photocycle include responsivity to electromagnetic fields and their applications in optogenetics. Finally, innovations in methodology such as the use of Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) diamond centers to follow cryptochrome magnetic field sensitivity in vivo are discussed, as well as the potential for a whole new technology of 'magneto-genetics' for future applications in synthetic biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche Aguida
- Unite Mixed de Recherche (UMR) Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8256 (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Babo
- Unite Mixed de Recherche (UMR) Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8256 (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Soria Baouz
- Unite Mixed de Recherche (UMR) Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8256 (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Jourdan
- Unite Mixed de Recherche (UMR) Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8256 (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Maria Procopio
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Dorothy Engle
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stephen Mills
- Chemistry Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stephan Wenkel
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexander Huck
- DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Sotirios C. Kampranis
- Biochemical Engineering Group, Plant Biochemistry Section, Department of Plant and Environment Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Justin Link
- Physics and Engineering Department, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Margaret Ahmad
- Unite Mixed de Recherche (UMR) Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8256 (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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8
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Wang W, Kim J, Martinez TS, Huq E, Sung S. COP1 controls light-dependent chromatin remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312853121. [PMID: 38349881 PMCID: PMC10895365 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312853121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Light is a crucial environmental factor that impacts various aspects of plant development. Phytochromes, as light sensors, regulate myriads of downstream genes to mediate developmental reprogramming in response to changes in environmental conditions. CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) is an E3 ligase for a number of substrates in light signaling, acting as a central repressor of photomorphogenesis. The interplay between phytochrome B (phyB) and COP1 forms an antagonistic regulatory module that triggers extensive gene expression reprogramming when exposed to light. Here, we uncover a role of COP1 in light-dependent chromatin remodeling through the regulation of VIL1 (VIN3-LIKE 1)/VERNALIZATION 5, a Polycomb protein. VIL1 directly interacts with phyB and regulates photomorphogenesis through the formation of repressive chromatin loops at downstream growth-promoting genes in response to light. Furthermore, we reveal that COP1 governs light-dependent formation of chromatin loop and limiting a repressive histone modification to fine-tune expressions of growth-promoting genes during photomorphogenesis through VIL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Teresa S Martinez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Sibum Sung
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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9
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Pashkovskiy P, Vereshchagin M, Kartashov A, Ivanov Y, Ivanova A, Zlobin I, Abramova A, Ashikhmina D, Glushko G, Kreslavski VD, Kuznetsov VV. Influence of Additional White, Red and Far-Red Light on Growth, Secondary Metabolites and Expression of Hormone Signaling Genes in Scots Pine under Sunlight. Cells 2024; 13:194. [PMID: 38275819 PMCID: PMC10813845 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of short-term additional white (WL), red (RL) and far-red (FRL) light and combined RL+FRL on the physiological morphological and molecular characteristics of two-year-old Scots pine plants grown in a greenhouse under sunlight was studied. Additional RL and RL+FRL increased the number of xylem cells, transpiration and the expression of a group of genes responsible for the biosynthesis and signaling of auxins (AUX/IAA, ARF3/4, and ARF16) and brassinosteroids (BR-α-RED and BRZ2), while the expression of genes related to the signaling pathway related to jasmonic acid was reduced. Additionally, WL, RL and RL+FRL increased the content of proanthocyanidins and catechins in young needles; however, an increase in the expression of the chalcone synthase gene (CHS) was found under RL, especially under RL+FRL, which possibly indicates a greater influence of light intensity than observed in the spectrum. Additional WL increased photosynthetic activity, presumably by increasing the proportion and intensity of blue light; at the same time, the highest transpiration index was found under RL. The results obtained indicate that the combined effect of additional RL+FRL can accelerate the development of pine plants by increasing the number of xylem cells and increasing the number of aboveground parts but not the photosynthetic activity or the accumulation of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (Y.I.); (A.I.); (I.Z.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Mikhail Vereshchagin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (Y.I.); (A.I.); (I.Z.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Alexander Kartashov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (Y.I.); (A.I.); (I.Z.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Yury Ivanov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (Y.I.); (A.I.); (I.Z.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Alexandra Ivanova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (Y.I.); (A.I.); (I.Z.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Ilya Zlobin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (Y.I.); (A.I.); (I.Z.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Anna Abramova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (Y.I.); (A.I.); (I.Z.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Darya Ashikhmina
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (Y.I.); (A.I.); (I.Z.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Galina Glushko
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (Y.I.); (A.I.); (I.Z.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Vladimir D. Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia;
| | - Vladimir V. Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (Y.I.); (A.I.); (I.Z.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.G.)
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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10
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Legris M. Light and temperature regulation of leaf morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2191-2196. [PMID: 37715490 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are the main photosynthetic organs in plants, and their anatomy is optimized for light interception and gas exchange. Although each species has a characteristic leaf anatomy, which depends on the genotype, leaves also show a large degree of developmental plasticity. Light and temperature regulate leaf development from primordia differentiation to late stages of blade expansion. While the molecular mechanisms of light and temperature signaling have been mostly studied in seedlings, in the latest years, research has focused on leaf development. Here, I will describe the latest work carried out in the environmental regulation of Arabidopsis leaf development, comparing signaling mechanisms between leaves and seedlings, highlighting the new discoveries, and pointing out the most exciting open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Legris
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Jiang B, Zhong Z, Gu L, Zhang X, Wei J, Ye C, Lin G, Qu G, Xiang X, Wen C, Hummel M, Bailey-Serres J, Wang Q, He C, Wang X, Lin C. Light-induced LLPS of the CRY2/SPA1/FIO1 complex regulating mRNA methylation and chlorophyll homeostasis in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:2042-2058. [PMID: 38066290 PMCID: PMC10724061 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Light regulates chlorophyll homeostasis and photosynthesis via various molecular mechanisms in plants. The light regulation of transcription and protein stability of nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins have been extensively studied, but how light regulation of mRNA metabolism affects abundance of nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins and chlorophyll homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here we show that the blue light receptor cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) and the METTL16-type m6A writer FIONA1 (FIO1) regulate chlorophyll homeostasis in response to blue light. In contrast to the CRY2-mediated photo-condensation of the mRNA adenosine methylase (MTA), photoexcited CRY2 co-condenses FIO1 only in the presence of the CRY2-signalling protein SUPPRESSOR of PHYTOCHROME A (SPA1). CRY2 and SPA1 synergistically or additively activate the RNA methyltransferase activity of FIO1 in vitro, whereas CRY2 and FIO1, but not MTA, are required for the light-induced methylation and translation of the mRNAs encoding multiple chlorophyll homeostasis regulators in vivo. Our study demonstrates that the light-induced liquid-liquid phase separation of the photoreceptor/writer complexes is commonly involved in the regulation of photoresponsive changes of mRNA methylation, whereas the different photo-condensation mechanisms of the CRY/FIO1 and CRY/MTA complexes explain, at least partially, the writer-specific functions in plant photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochen Jiang
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Zhenhui Zhong
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiangbo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guifang Lin
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gaoping Qu
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xian Xiang
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenjin Wen
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maureen Hummel
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, China.
| | - Chentao Lin
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Matarèse BFE, Rusin A, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Quantum Biology and the Potential Role of Entanglement and Tunneling in Non-Targeted Effects of Ionizing Radiation: A Review and Proposed Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16464. [PMID: 38003655 PMCID: PMC10671017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that cells, tissues, and organisms exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation can induce effects in non-irradiated neighbors (non-targeted effects or NTE), but the mechanisms remain unclear. This is especially true of the initial steps leading to the release of signaling molecules contained in exosomes. Voltage-gated ion channels, photon emissions, and calcium fluxes are all involved but the precise sequence of events is not yet known. We identified what may be a quantum entanglement type of effect and this prompted us to consider whether aspects of quantum biology such as tunneling and entanglement may underlie the initial events leading to NTE. We review the field where it may be relevant to ionizing radiation processes. These include NTE, low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity, hormesis, and the adaptive response. Finally, we present a possible quantum biological-based model for NTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F. E. Matarèse
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Andrej Rusin
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.R.); (C.S.)
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13
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Vu HH, Behrmann H, Hanić M, Jeyasankar G, Krishnan S, Dannecker D, Hammer C, Gunkel M, Solov'yov IA, Wolf E, Behrmann E. A marine cryptochrome with an inverse photo-oligomerization mechanism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6918. [PMID: 37903809 PMCID: PMC10616196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are a structurally conserved but functionally diverse family of proteins that can confer unique sensory properties to organisms. In the marine bristle worm Platynereis dumerilii, its light receptive cryptochrome L-CRY (PdLCry) allows the animal to discriminate between sunlight and moonlight, an important requirement for synchronizing its lunar cycle-dependent mass spawning. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we show that in the dark, PdLCry adopts a dimer arrangement observed neither in plant nor insect CRYs. Intense illumination disassembles the dimer into monomers. Structural and functional data suggest a mechanistic coupling between the light-sensing flavin adenine dinucleotide chromophore, the dimer interface, and the C-terminal tail helix, with a likely involvement of the phosphate binding loop. Taken together, our work establishes PdLCry as a CRY protein with inverse photo-oligomerization with respect to plant CRYs, and provides molecular insights into how this protein might help discriminating the different light intensities associated with sunlight and moonlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ha Vu
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (IMP), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heide Behrmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Zülpicher Straße 47, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maja Hanić
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gayathri Jeyasankar
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Zülpicher Straße 47, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shruthi Krishnan
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (IMP), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dennis Dannecker
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Zülpicher Straße 47, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Constantin Hammer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (IMP), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Gunkel
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Zülpicher Straße 47, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilia A Solov'yov
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Eva Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (IMP), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Elmar Behrmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Zülpicher Straße 47, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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14
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Kanojia A, Bhola D, Mudgil Y. Light signaling as cellular integrator of multiple environmental cues in plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1485-1503. [PMID: 38076763 PMCID: PMC10709290 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile need to rapidly adapt to the constantly changing environment through modifications in their internal clock, metabolism, and gene expression. They have evolved an intricate system to perceive and transfer the signals from the primary environmental factors namely light, temperature and water to regulate their growth development and survival. Over past few decades rigorous research using molecular genetics approaches, especially in model plant Arabidopsis, has resulted in substantial progress in discovering various photoreceptor systems and light signaling components. In parallel several molecular pathways operating in response to other environmental cues have also been elucidated. Interestingly, the studies have shown that expression profiles of genes involved in photomorphogenesis can undergo modulation in response to other cues from the environment. Recently, the photoreceptor, PHYB, has been shown to function as a thermosensor. Downstream components of light signaling pathway like COP1 and PIF have also emerged as integrating hubs for various kinds of signals. All these findings indicate that light signaling components may act as central integrator of various environmental cues to regulate plant growth and development processes. In this review, we present a perspective on cross talk of signaling mechanisms induced in response to myriad array of signals and their integration with the light signaling components. By putting light signals on the central stage, we propose the possibilities of enhancing plant resilience to the changing environment by fine-tuning the genetic manipulation of its signaling components in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kanojia
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Diksha Bhola
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Yashwanti Mudgil
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
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15
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Winkler R, Ciria M, Ahmad M, Plank H, Marcuello C. A Review of the Current State of Magnetic Force Microscopy to Unravel the Magnetic Properties of Nanomaterials Applied in Biological Systems and Future Directions for Quantum Technologies. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2585. [PMID: 37764614 PMCID: PMC10536909 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism plays a pivotal role in many biological systems. However, the intensity of the magnetic forces exerted between magnetic bodies is usually low, which demands the development of ultra-sensitivity tools for proper sensing. In this framework, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) offers excellent lateral resolution and the possibility of conducting single-molecule studies like other single-probe microscopy (SPM) techniques. This comprehensive review attempts to describe the paramount importance of magnetic forces for biological applications by highlighting MFM's main advantages but also intrinsic limitations. While the working principles are described in depth, the article also focuses on novel micro- and nanofabrication procedures for MFM tips, which enhance the magnetic response signal of tested biomaterials compared to commercial nanoprobes. This work also depicts some relevant examples where MFM can quantitatively assess the magnetic performance of nanomaterials involved in biological systems, including magnetotactic bacteria, cryptochrome flavoproteins, and magnetic nanoparticles that can interact with animal tissues. Additionally, the most promising perspectives in this field are highlighted to make the reader aware of upcoming challenges when aiming toward quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Winkler
- Christian Doppler Laboratory—DEFINE, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.W.); (H.P.)
| | - Miguel Ciria
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Margaret Ahmad
- Photobiology Research Group, IBPS, UMR8256 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Harald Plank
- Christian Doppler Laboratory—DEFINE, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.W.); (H.P.)
- Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Electron Microscopy, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Carlos Marcuello
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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16
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Gururani MA. Photobiotechnology for abiotic stress resilient crops: Recent advances and prospects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20158. [PMID: 37810087 PMCID: PMC10559926 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive crop failures worldwide are caused by abiotic stress. In plants, adverse environmental conditions cause extensive damage to the overall physiology and agronomic yield at various levels. Phytochromes are photosensory phosphoproteins that absorb red (R)/far red (FR) light and play critical roles in different physiological and biochemical responses to light. Considering the role of phytochrome in essential plant developmental processes, genetically manipulating its expression offers a promising approach to crop improvement. Through modulated phytochrome-mediated signalling pathways, plants can become more resistant to environmental stresses by increasing photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant activity, and expression of genes associated with stress resistance. Plant growth and development in adverse environments can be improved by understanding the roles of phytochromes in stress tolerance characteristics. A comprehensive overview of recent findings regarding the role of phytochromes in modulating abiotic stress by discussing biochemical and molecular aspects of these mechanisms of photoreceptors is offered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Anand Gururani
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Liu Y, Tang L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xu S, Wang X, He W, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, Li M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Chen Q, Tang H. The blue light signal transduction module FaCRY1-FaCOP1-FaHY5 regulates anthocyanin accumulation in cultivated strawberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144273. [PMID: 37360713 PMCID: PMC10289005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have important physiological functions and are beneficial to the improvement of fruit quality in strawberry. Light is important for anthocyanin biosynthesis, and specific light quality was identified to promote anthocyanin accumulation in many fruits. However, research on the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation regulated by light quality in strawberry remains limited. Here we described the effects of red- and blue-light irradiation on anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry. The results showed that blue light, rather than red light, could lead to the rapid accumulation of anthocyanins after exposure to light for 48 hours. The transcriptional levels of anthocyanin structural and regulatory genes displayed similar trend to the anthocyanin content. To investigate the mechanism of blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation, the homologs of Arabidopsis blue light signal transduction components, including the blue light photoreceptor FaCRY1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase FaCOP1 and light-responsive factor FaHY5, were cloned from the strawberry cultivar 'Benihoppe'. The protein-protein interaction of FaCRY1-FaCOP1-FaHY5 was revealed by yeast two-hybrid and fluorescence signal assays. Functional complementation analysis showed that overexpression of either FaCOP1 or FaHY5 restored the anthocyanin content and hypocotyl length in corresponding Arabidopsis mutants under blue light. Moreover, dual-luciferase assays showed that FaHY5 could increase the activity of FaRAP (anthocyanin transport gene) promoter and that this function relied on other, likely B-box protein FaBBX22, factors. The overexpression of FaHY5-VP16 (chimeric activator form of FaHY5) and FaBBX22 promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins in transgenic strawberry plants. Further, transcriptomic profiling indicated that the genes involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were enriched in both FaHY5-VP16-OX and FaBBX22-OX strawberry plants. In summary, our findings provide insights into a mechanism involving the regulation of blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation via a FaCRY1-FaCOP1-FaHY5 signal transduction module in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianxi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqiong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen He
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Ranade SS, García-Gil MR. Clinal variation in PHY (PAS domain) and CRY (CCT domain)-Signs of local adaptation to light quality in Norway spruce. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023. [PMID: 37291974 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Detection of the genomic basis of local adaptation to environmental conditions is challenging in forest trees. Phytochromes (PHY) and cryptochromes (CRY) perceive the red (R)/far-red (FR) and blue light respectively, thus playing a fundamental role in regulating plant growth and development. PHYO and PHYP from conifers are the equivalents of PHYA/PHYC and PHYB in angiosperms, respectively. Norway spruce shows an adaptive latitudinal cline for shade (low R:FR or FR-enriched light) tolerance and requirement of FR light for its growth. We analyzed the exome capture data that included a uniquely large data set of 1654 Norway spruce trees sampled across many latitudes in Sweden to capture the natural clines for photoperiod and FR light exposure during the growth season. Statistically significant clinal variation was detected in allele and genotype frequencies of missense mutations in coding regions belonging to well-defined functional domains of PHYO (PAS-B), PHYP2 (PAS fold-2), CRY1 (CCT1) and CRY2 (CCT2) that strongly correlates with the latitudinal gradient in response to variable light quality in Norway spruce. The missense SNP in PHYO resulting in Asn835Ser, displayed the steepest cline among all other polymorphisms. We propose that these variations in the photoreceptors represent signs of local adaptation to light quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sachin Ranade
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - María Rosario García-Gil
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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19
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Wang Y, Wang W, Jia Q, Tian H, Wang X, Li Y, Hussain S, Hussain H, Wang T, Wang S. BIC2, a Cryptochrome Function Inhibitor, Is Involved in the Regulation of ABA Responses in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112220. [PMID: 37299199 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ABA (abscisic acid) is able to regulate plant responses to abiotic stresses via regulating the expression of ABA response genes. BIC1 (Blue-light Inhibitor of Cryptochromes 1) and BIC2 have been identified as the inhibitors of plant cryptochrome functions, and are involved in the regulation of plant development and metabolism in Arabidopsis . In this study, we report the identification of BIC2 as a regulator of ABA responses in Arabidopsis . RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction) results show that the expression level of BIC1 remained largely unchanged, but that of BIC2 increased significantly in response to ABA treatment. Transfection assays in Arabidopsis protoplasts show that both BIC1 and BIC2 were mainly localized in the nucleus, and were able to activate the expression of the co-transfected reporter gene. Results in seed germination and seedling greening assays show that ABA sensitivity was increased in the transgenic plants overexpressing BIC2, but increased slightly, if any, in the transgenic plants overexpressing BIC1. ABA sensitivity was also increased in the bic2 single mutants in seedling greening assays, but no further increase was observed in the bic1 bic2 double mutants. On the other hand, in root elongation assays, ABA sensitivity was decreased in the transgenic plants overexpressing BIC2, as well as the bic2 single mutants, but no further decrease was observed in the bic1 bic2 double mutants. By using qRT-PCR (quantitative RT-PCR), we further examined how BIC2 may regulate ABA responses in Arabidopsis , and found that inhibition of ABA on the expression of the ABA receptor genes PYL4 (PYR1-Like 4) and PYL5 were decreased, but promotion of ABA on the expression of the protein kinase gene SnRK2.6 (SNF1-Related Protein Kinases 2.6) was enhanced in both the bic1 bic2 double mutants and 35S:BIC2 overexpression transgenic plants. Taken together, our results suggest that BIC2 regulates ABA responses in Arabidopsis possibly by affecting the expression of ABA signaling key regulator genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Qiming Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hadia Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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20
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Fraikin GY, Belenikina NS, Rubin AB. Molecular Bases of Signaling Processes Regulated by Cryptochrome Sensory Photoreceptors in Plants. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:770-782. [PMID: 37748873 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923060056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The blue-light sensors, cryptochromes, compose the extensive class of flavoprotein photoreceptors, regulating signaling processes in plants underlying their development, growth, and metabolism. In several algae, cryptochromes may act not only as sensory photoreceptors but also as photolyases, catalyzing repair of the UV-induced DNA lesions. Cryptochromes bind FAD as the chromophore at the photolyase homologous region (PHR) domain and contain the cryptochrome C-terminal extension (CCE), which is absent in photolyases. Photosensory process in cryptochrome is initiated by photochemical chromophore conversions, including formation of the FAD redox forms. In the state with the chromophore reduced to neutral radical (FADH×), the photoreceptor protein undergoes phosphorylation, conformational changes, and disengagement from the PHR domain and CCE with subsequent formation of oligomers of cryptochrome molecules. Photooligomerization is a structural basis of the functional activities of cryptochromes, since it ensures formation of their complexes with a variety of signaling proteins, including transcriptional factors and regulators of transcription. Interactions in such complexes change the protein signaling activities, leading to regulation of gene expression and plant photomorphogenesis. In recent years, multiple papers, reporting novel, more detailed information about the molecular mechanisms of above-mentioned processes were published. The present review mainly focuses on analysis of the data contained in these publications, particularly regarding structural aspects of the cryptochrome transitions into photoactivated states and regulatory signaling processes mediated by the cryptochrome photoreceptors in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrey B Rubin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Igamberdiev AU, Bykova NV. Mitochondria in photosynthetic cells: Coordinating redox control and energy balance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2104-2119. [PMID: 36440979 PMCID: PMC10069911 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic tissues in the light, the function of energy production is associated primarily with chloroplasts, while mitochondrial metabolism adjusts to balance ATP supply, regulate the reduction level of pyridine nucleotides, and optimize major metabolic fluxes. The tricarboxylic acid cycle in the light transforms into a noncyclic open structure (hemicycle) maintained primarily by the influx of malate and the export of citrate to the cytosol. The exchange of malate and citrate forms the basis of feeding redox energy from the chloroplast into the cytosolic pathways. This supports the level of NADPH in different compartments, contributes to the biosynthesis of amino acids, and drives secondary metabolism via a supply of substrates for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase and for cytochrome P450-catalyzed monooxygenase reactions. This results in the maintenance of redox and energy balance in photosynthetic plant cells and in the formation of numerous bioactive compounds specific to any particular plant species. The noncoupled mitochondrial respiration operates in coordination with the malate and citrate valves and supports intensive fluxes of respiration and photorespiration. The metabolic system of plants has features associated with the remarkable metabolic plasticity of mitochondria that permit the use of energy accumulated during photosynthesis in a way that all anabolic and catabolic pathways become optimized and coordinated.
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Kreiss M, Haas FB, Hansen M, Rensing SA, Hoecker U. Co-action of COP1, SPA and cryptochrome in light signal transduction and photomorphogenesis of the moss Physcomitrium patens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:159-175. [PMID: 36710658 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis COP1/SPA ubiquitin ligase suppresses photomorphogenesis in darkness. In the light, photoreceptors inactivate COP1/SPA to allow a light response. While SPA genes are specific to the green lineage, COP1 also exists in humans. This raises the question of when in evolution plant COP1 acquired the need for SPA accessory proteins. We addressed this question by generating Physcomitrium Ppcop1 mutants and comparing their visible and molecular phenotypes with those of Physcomitrium Ppspa mutants. The phenotype of Ppcop1 nonuple mutants resembles that of Ppspa mutants. Most importantly, both mutants produce green chloroplasts in complete darkness. They also exhibit dwarfed gametophores, disturbed branching of protonemata and absent gravitropism. RNA-sequencing analysis indicates that both mutants undergo weak constitutive light signaling in darkness. PpCOP1 and PpSPA proteins form a complex and they interact via their WD repeat domains with the VP motif of the cryptochrome CCE domain in a blue light-dependent manner. This resembles the interaction of Arabidopsis SPA proteins with Arabidopsis CRY1, and is different from that with Arabidopsis CRY2. Taken together, the data indicate that PpCOP1 and PpSPA act together to regulate growth and development of Physcomitrium. However, in contrast to their Arabidopsis orthologs, PpCOP1 and PpSPA proteins execute only partial suppression of light signaling in darkness. Hence, additional repressors may exist that contribute to the repression of a light response in dark-exposed Physcomitrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kreiss
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian B Haas
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maike Hansen
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ute Hoecker
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
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23
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Akagi C, Kurihara Y, Makita Y, Kawauchi M, Tsuge T, Aoyama T, Matsui M. Translational activation of ribosome-related genes at initial photoreception is dependent on signals derived from both the nucleus and the chloroplasts in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:227-238. [PMID: 36658292 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Light is one of the indispensable elements that plants need in order to grow and develop. In particular, it is essential for inducing morphogenesis, such as suppression of hypocotyl elongation and cotyledon expansion, that plants undergo when they first emerge after germination. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the gene expression and, in particular, the translational levels that induce a response upon light exposure. We have investigated the translational expression of nuclear genes in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings germinated in the dark and then exposed to blue monochromatic light. In this study, ribosome profiling analysis was performed in the blue-light-receptor mutant cry1cry2 and the light-signaling mutant hy5 to understand which signaling pathways are responsible for the changes in gene expression at the translational level after blue-light exposure. The analysis showed that the expression of certain chloroplast- and ribosome-related genes was up-regulated at the translational level in the wild type. However, in both mutants the translational up-regulation of ribosome-related genes was apparently compromised. This suggests that light signaling through photoreceptors and the HY5 transcription factor are responsible for translation of ribosome-related genes. To further understand the effect of photoreception by chloroplasts on nuclear gene expression, chloroplast function was inhibited by adding a photosynthesis inhibitor, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), and a carotenoid synthesis inhibitor, norflurazon. The results show that inhibition of chloroplast function did not lead to an increase in the expression of ribosome-related genes at the translational level. These results suggest that signals from both the nucleus and chloroplasts are required to activate translation of ribosome-related genes during blue-light reception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Akagi
- Synthetic Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yukio Kurihara
- Synthetic Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuko Makita
- Synthetic Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Kamisadori 460-1, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0816, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kawauchi
- Synthetic Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tsuge
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Minami Matsui
- Synthetic Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0027, Japan.
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Insights into Molecular Structure of Pterins Suitable for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315222. [PMID: 36499560 PMCID: PMC9737128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterins are an inseparable part of living organisms. Pterins participate in metabolic reactions mostly as tetrahydropterins. Dihydropterins are usually intermediates of these reactions, whereas oxidized pterins can be biomarkers of diseases. In this review, we analyze the available data on the quantum chemistry of unconjugated pterins as well as their photonics. This gives a comprehensive overview about the electronic structure of pterins and offers some benefits for biomedicine applications: (1) one can affect the enzymatic reactions of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, NO synthases, and alkylglycerol monooxygenase through UV irradiation of H4pterins since UV provokes electron donor reactions of H4pterins; (2) the emission properties of H2pterins and oxidized pterins can be used in fluorescence diagnostics; (3) two-photon absorption (TPA) should be used in such pterin-related infrared therapy because single-photon absorption in the UV range is inefficient and scatters in vivo; (4) one can affect pathogen organisms through TPA excitation of H4pterin cofactors, such as the molybdenum cofactor, leading to its detachment from proteins and subsequent oxidation; (5) metal nanostructures can be used for the UV-vis, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy detection of pterin biomarkers. Therefore, we investigated both the biochemistry and physical chemistry of pterins and suggested some potential prospects for pterin-related biomedicine.
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