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Mircea DM, Ferrer-Gallego PP, Ferrando-Pardo I, Vicente O, Mir R, Boscaiu M. Salt Tolerance of Sea Flax ( Linum maritimum L.), a Rare Species with Conservation Interest in Eastern Spain. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:305. [PMID: 38276762 PMCID: PMC10821301 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Seldom found in saltmarshes, Linum maritimum is a halophyte of great conservation interest in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Although the species has been reported in different plant communities, there is no information on its range of salinity tolerance or mechanisms of response to environmental stress factors. In this study, L. maritimum plants were subjected to increasing salt concentrations in controlled conditions in a greenhouse. After six months of watering with salt solutions, only plants from the control, 50 mM and 100 mM NaCl treatment groups survived, but seeds were produced only in the first two. Significant differences were found between the plants from the various treatment groups in terms of their growth parameters, such as plant height, fresh weight, and the quantity of flowers and fruits. The main mechanism of salt tolerance is probably related to the species' ability to activate K+ uptake and transport to shoots to partly counteract the accumulation of toxic Na+ ions. A biochemical analysis showed significant increases in glycine betaine, flavonoids and total phenolic compounds, highlighting the importance of osmotic regulation and antioxidant compounds in the salt tolerance of Linum maritimum. These findings have implications for the conservation of the species, especially under changing climatic conditions that may lead to increased soil salinity in its Mediterranean distribution area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Mircea
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego
- Servicio de Vida Silvestre y Natura 2000, Generalitat Valenciana, Avda Comarques del País Valencia, 114, Quart de Poblet, 46930 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.F.-G.); (I.F.-P.)
| | - Inmaculada Ferrando-Pardo
- Servicio de Vida Silvestre y Natura 2000, Generalitat Valenciana, Avda Comarques del País Valencia, 114, Quart de Poblet, 46930 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.F.-G.); (I.F.-P.)
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (O.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Ricardo Mir
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (O.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Haq IU, Azam N, Ashraf M, Javaid MM, Murtaza G, Ahmed Z, Riaz MA, Iqbal R, Habib Ur Rahman M, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS, Aslam MU, Arslan M. Improving the genetic potential of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) germplasm to tolerate salinity stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21504. [PMID: 38057336 PMCID: PMC10700504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is the most consumed vegetable worldwide with the potential for diverse ecological adaptation. However, increasing salinization and changing climatic conditions are posing serious threats to the growth, yield, and quality of okra. Therefore, to mitigate increasing soil salinization and ensure sustainable okra production under rapidly changing climatic conditions, evaluation of new okra germplasm to develop salt tolerant cultivars is direly needed. The present study was designed to evaluate the genetic resources of okra genotypes for salt tolerance at growth and reproductive phases. Based on mophological and physio-biochemical responses of plants under stress condition, genotypes were divided into salt tolerant and succeptible groups. The experiment was comprised of 100 okra genotypes and each genotype was grown under control conditions and 6.5 dS m-1 NaCl concentration in a pot having 10 kg capacity. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design and each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed vast genetic variability among the evaluated okra germplasm traits like days to emergence, pod length, pod diameter, plant height, stem girth, and other yield-related parameters. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive association among the number of leaves at first flower and plant height at first flower.Likewise, pod weight also revealed a highly significant positive relationship for pod weight plant-1, pod length, and K+: Na+. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that out of 16 principal components (PCs), five components showed more than one eigenvalue and the first six PCs contributed 67.2% of the variation. Bi-plot analysis illustrated that genotypes 95, 111, 133, 99, and 128, under salt stress conditions, exhibited both high yield per plant and salt-tolerant behavior in other yield-related traits. On the basis of all studied traits, a salt susceptible group and a salt-tolerant group were formed. The salt tolerant group comprised of 97, 68, 95, 114, 64, 99, 111, 133, 128, and 109 genotypes, whereas, the salt susceptible group contained 137, 139, 130, 94, and 125 genotypes. Salt-tolerant okra genotypes were suggested to be used in further breeding programs aimed to develop salt tolerance in okra. These insights will empower precision breeding, underscore the importance of genetic diversity, and bear the potential to address the challenges of salt-affected soils while promoting broader agricultural resilience, economic prosperity, and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ul Haq
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Noman Azam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mansoor Javaid
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China.
| | - Muhammad Asam Riaz
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 41000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammed Habib Ur Rahman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agricultural, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Usman Aslam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Moderate Salinity of Nutrient Solution Improved the Nutritional Quality and Flavor of Hydroponic Chinese Chives ( Allium tuberosum Rottler). Foods 2023; 12:foods12010204. [PMID: 36613420 PMCID: PMC9818334 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium chloride (NaCl), as a eustressor, can trigger relevant pathways to cause plants to produce a series of metabolites, thus improving the quality of crops to a certain extent. However, there are few reports on the improvement of nutrient quality and flavor of hydroponic Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum Rottler) by sodium chloride. In this study, five NaCl concentrations were used to investigate the dose-dependent effects on growth, nutritional quality and flavor in Chinese chives. The results show that 10 mM NaCl had no significant effect on the growth of Chinese chives, but significantly decreased the nitrate content by 40% compared with 0 mM NaCl treatment, and the content of soluble protein and vitamin C was increased by 3.6% and 2.1%, respectively. In addition, a total of 75 volatile compounds were identified among five treatments using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Compared with the 0 mM NaCl treatment, 10 mM NaCl had the greatest effect on the quantity and content of volatile compounds, with the total content increased by 27.8%. Furthermore, according to the odor activity values (OAVs) and odor description, there were 14 major aroma-active compounds (OAVs > 1) in Chinese chives. The “garlic and onion” odor was the strongest among the eight categories of aromas, and its highest value was observed in the 10 mM NaCl treatment (OAVs = 794).Taken together, adding 10 mM NaCl to the nutrient solution could improve the nutritional quality and flavor of Chinese chives without affecting their normal growth.
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Chauhan PK, Upadhyay SK, Tripathi M, Singh R, Krishna D, Singh SK, Dwivedi P. Understanding the salinity stress on plant and developing sustainable management strategies mediated salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and CRISPR/Cas9. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-37. [PMID: 36254096 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2131958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a worldwide concern that decreases plant growth performance in agricultural fields and contributes to food scarcity. Salt stressors have adverse impacts on the plant's ionic, osmotic, and oxidative balance, as well as numerous physiological functions. Plants have a variety of coping strategies to deal with salt stress, including osmosensing, osmoregulation, ion-homeostasis, increased antioxidant synthesis, and so on. Not only does salt stress cause oxidative stress but also many types of stress do as well, thus plants have an effective antioxidant system to battle the negative effects of excessive reactive oxygen species produced as a result of stress. Rising salinity in the agricultural field affects crop productivity and plant development considerably; nevertheless, plants have a well-known copying mechanism that shields them from salt stress by facilitated production of secondary metabolites, antioxidants, ionhomeostasis, ABAbiosynthesis, and so on. To address this problem, various environment-friendly solutions such as salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, eco-friendly additives, and foliar applications of osmoprotectants/antioxidants are urgently needed. CRISPR/Cas9, a new genetic scissor, has recently been discovered to be an efficient approach for reducing salt stress in plants growing in saline soil. Understanding the processes underlying these physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress might lead to more effective crop yield control measures in the future. In order to address this information, the current review discusses recent advances in plant stress mechanisms against salinity stress-mediated antioxidant systems, as well as the development of appropriate long-term strategies for plant growth mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 techniques under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat K Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Manikant Tripathi
- Biotechnology Program, Dr. RamManohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Deeksha Krishna
- College of agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Fiji
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Department of Agri-Business, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Padmanabh Dwivedi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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