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Dai B, Lin Y, Lai X, He J, Du M, Hou X, Zhang G. The effects of self-esteem and parental phubbing on adolescent internet addiction and the moderating role of the classroom environment: a hierarchical linear model analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 38243210 PMCID: PMC10799362 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of the new media era, the understanding of adolescent internet addiction needs to be enriched. It is also necessary to distinguish the related factors of adolescent internet addiction at different levels to clarify the mechanisms of this phenomenon. METHODS This study used hierarchical linear model analysis to explore the effects of student-level factors and school-level factors on adolescent internet addiction, along with cross-level moderating effects. A total of 1,912 students between the 4th and 8th grades in China participated in the study. Participants completed the Self-Esteem Scale, Parents Phubbing Scale, Classroom Environment Scale, and the Diagnostic Questionnaire of Internet Addiction. RESULTS Correlational analyses revealed that internet addiction was found to be negatively correlated with both self-esteem and the teacher-student relationship (p < 0.01), while father phubbing, mother phubbing, and learning burden were shown to positively correlate with internet addiction (p < 0.01). Hierarchical linear model analysis suggested that student-level variables, including self-esteem, and mother phubbing, were significant predictors of internet addiction (β = -0.077, p < 0.001 and β = 0.028, p < 0.01, respectively). At the school level, learning burden significantly and negatively predicted internet addiction (β = 0.073, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the relationship between self-esteem and internet addiction was significantly moderated by learning burden (β = -0.007, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the teacher-student relationship also had a significant moderating effect on the association between mother phubbing and internet addiction (β = -0.005, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the relationships between self-esteem, parental phubbing, and classroom environment with adolescent internet addiction, and these findings could provide insights into reducing adolescent internet addiction from the perspective of individuals, families, and schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibing Dai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Lai
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiankang He
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingxuan Du
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Hou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Krishnan S, Bevins RA, de Wit H. Place conditioning in humans: opportunities for translational research. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2221-2230. [PMID: 36656336 PMCID: PMC10949408 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Translational research, especially research that bridges studies with humans and nonhuman species, is critical to advancing our understanding of human disorders such as addiction. This advancement requires reliable and rigorous models to study the underlying constructs contributing to the maladaptive behavior. OBJECTIVE In this commentary, we address some of the challenges of conducting translational research by examining a single procedure, place conditioning. Place conditioning is commonly used with laboratory animals to study the conditioned rewarding effects of drugs, and recent studies indicate that a similar procedure can be used in humans. RESULTS We discuss the opportunities and challenges of making the procedure comparable across species, as well as discuss the benefits of more systematically applying the procedure to humans. CONCLUSION We argue that the capacity of humans to report verbally on their internal experiences (perceptions, affective states, likes and dislikes) add an important dimension to the understanding of the procedures used in laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetha Krishnan
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Rick A Bevins
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Andreatta M, Winkler MH, Collins P, Gromer D, Gall D, Pauli P, Gamer M. VR for Studying the Neuroscience of Emotional Responses. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 65:161-187. [PMID: 36592276 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Emotions are frequently considered as the driving force of behavior, and psychopathology is often characterized by aberrant emotional responding. Emotional states are reflected on a cognitive-verbal, physiological-humoral, and motor-behavioral level but to date, human research lacks an experimental protocol for a comprehensive and ecologically valid characterization of such emotional states. Virtual reality (VR) might help to overcome this situation by allowing researchers to study mental processes and behavior in highly controlled but reality-like laboratory settings. In this chapter, we first elucidate the role of presence and immersion as requirements for eliciting emotional states in a virtual environment and discuss different VR methods for emotion induction. We then consider the organization of emotional states on a valence continuum (i.e., from negative to positive) and on this basis discuss the use of VR to study threat processing and avoidance as well as reward processing and approach behavior. Although the potential of VR has not been fully realized in laboratory and clinical settings yet, this technological tool can open up new avenues to better understand the neurobiological mechanisms of emotional responding in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Andreatta
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Markus H Winkler
- Department of Psychology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Collins
- Department of Psychology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Gromer
- Department of Psychology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Gall
- Department of Psychology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gamer
- Department of Psychology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Zhang Z, Lin Y, Liu J, Zhang G, Hou X, Pan Z, Dai B. Relationship between behavioral inhibition/activation system and Internet addiction among Chinese college students: The mediating effects of intolerance of uncertainty and self-control and gender differences. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1047036. [PMID: 36644769 PMCID: PMC9832708 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1047036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Internet addiction is a global public health issue among college students that is associated with a range of negative outcomes. Especially the COVID-19 pandemic has forced them to shift most of their studies and life activities from offline to online, leading to a growing problem of Internet dependence and even Internet addiction. Although previous studies have indicated that the Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System (BIS/BAS) have important effects on college students' Internet addiction, the mechanisms underlying these associations and gender differences are still unclear. Aims The present study investigated the mediating roles of intolerance of uncertainty and self-control in the association between BIS/BAS and Internet addiction following the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model. Gender differences in such associations between variables were also tested. Method A total of 747 Chinese college students were surveyed by using Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction, BIS/BAS Scales, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and the Brief Self-Control Scale. Results The results from the structural equation modeling analysis showed that BIS was positively related to Internet addiction and that BAS had a negative association with Internet addiction. Moreover, intolerance of uncertainty and self-control mediated the relationships between BIS/BAS and Internet addiction. Multi-group analysis further revealed that the associations between BAS and Internet addiction and between intolerance of uncertainty and Internet addiction were stronger among the male students than among female students. The relationship between self-control and Internet addiction was greater in the female sample than in the male sample. Conclusions These findings extend our understanding of how BIS/BAS influence Internet addiction among college students and suggest that not only should training approaches based on intolerance of uncertainty and self-control be fully considered, but different intervention programs should be focused on gender sensitivity to maximize the intervention effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaowen Hou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zequan Pan
- School of Public Administration, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Zequan Pan
| | - Bibing Dai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Bibing Dai
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Innes S, Goncalves G, Leboeuf-Yde C. Who are the chiropractic students favouring a limitless scope of practice? Exploring the relationship with personality, magical thinking, and academic achievement. Chiropr Man Therap 2022; 30:30. [PMID: 35879769 PMCID: PMC9310675 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-022-00440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Some chiropractors seem to have an inflated belief in the powers of spinal manipulation (SMT), for example aiming at preventing future spinal degeneration and health problems, activities that are without supporting evidence. Non-evidenced health beliefs have been shown to be associated with a tendency toward magical thinking. Holding such beliefs about SMT is associated with a limitless scope of practice (LLSoP). Recent studies have shown that “chiropractic conservatism” (ChiroCon) is also associated with such approaches. We wanted to understand ChiroCon and these attitudes toward SMT by exploring three different factors: intolerance to uncertainty, academic achievement, and tendency toward magical thinking and how they relate to ChiroCon and LLSoP.
Method A cross-sectional survey of 243 chiropractic students from an Australian chiropractic program was conducted in May 2020. Students answered a questionnaire involving a patient case-scenario for LLSoP, levels of ChiroCon, validated questionnaires on (i) Intolerance of uncertainty, (ii) Academic achievement, and (iii) Magical thinking. LLSoP was defined as wanting to treat with SMT a 5-year-old asymptomatic child for future (i) Musculoskeletal (MSK) problems and/or (ii) Non-musculoskeletal diseases. Logistic regression models were used to confirm if there was an association between ChiroCon and LLSoP and to explore associations between LLSoP and (i) Intolerance of uncertainty, (ii) Academic achievement, and (iii) Magical thinking. We repeated the same analyses using ChiroCon as the outcome variable. Results We confirmed that chiropractic students in the more extreme ChiroCon group were more likely to want to prevent future spinal disorders in an asymptomatic 5-year-old child as compared to those with lower levels (OR = 3.9, (95%CI 1.97–7.72). This was also the case for the prevention of future diseases in the same child (OR = 6.9, (95%CI 3.11–15.06). Of the three predictor variables, magical belief was positively associated with both ChiroCon and LLSoP. Conclusion Not surprisingly, ChiroCon is closely related to LLSoP and both were linked to magical thinking. Therefore, the questionnaire ‘Magical Health Beliefs’ could be a useful instrument to screen future chiropractic students to prevent a mismatch between student and institution. Depending on the outlook of the school, some schools would welcome these students, whereas other institutions would want to avoid them in their education program. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12998-022-00440-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Innes
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia. .,Faculty of Allied Health & Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire (UClan), Preston, UK.
| | - Guillaume Goncalves
- Institut Franco Européen de Chiropraxie, 24 Boulevard Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94200, Ivry-Sur-Seine, France.,Faculty of Allied Health & Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire (UClan), Preston, UK
| | - Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, 5000, Odense, Denmark
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6
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Barahmand U, Mohamadpour S, Sheikh Ahmad RH. COVID-19 Related Stresses, Conspiracy Beliefs, Uncertainty, and Non-adherence to Safety Guidelines. Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) 2022; 15:22-33. [PMID: 37274517 PMCID: PMC10233957 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inconsistent use of protective preventive measures and nonadherence of the guidelines set by the World Health Organization regarding the coronavirus are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as increased health care costs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the role of COVID-19 related worries, conspiracy beliefs, and uncertainty in adherence to preventative measures in Iran. METHOD In a large survey with data collected online from a volunteer sample of 599 individuals, assessments were made of the distress associated with the anticipated potential consequences associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown, extent of agreement with conspiracy beliefs, level of situation-specific uncertainty, and self-reports of compliance with preventive measures. Data were analyzed to explore paths leading to nonadherence to safety guidelines proposed by the medical authorities. RESULTS A large majority of individuals report significant distress and worry associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that increasing levels of situation-specific uncertainty intolerance, as well as conspiracy beliefs regarding the coronavirus, are associated with non-compliance with the advised protocols. Specifically, the results show that worries related to the COVID-19 pandemic are linked to non-compliance with preventive measures through conspiracy beliefs and feelings of uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 situation even after gender, education, and perceived socioeconomic status were controlled. CONCLUSIONS Findings imply that emotional exhaustion is likely to have set in and become counterproductive as people choose to violate safety guidelines. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Barahmand
- Department of Psychology, Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, USA.Queen City CollegeDepartment of PsychologyDivision of Mathematics and Natural SciencesQueens CollegeNew YorkUSA
| | - Samaneh Mohamadpour
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Khuzestan, Ahwaz, Iran.Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesDepartment of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesKhuzestanAhwazIran
| | - Ruhollah Heydari Sheikh Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.Mohaghegh Ardabili UniversityDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran
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7
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Nieto SJ, Grodin EN, Aguirre CG, Izquierdo A, Ray LA. Translational opportunities in animal and human models to study alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:496. [PMID: 34588417 PMCID: PMC8481537 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and human laboratory paradigms offer invaluable approaches to study the complex etiologies and mechanisms of alcohol use disorder (AUD). We contend that human laboratory models provide a "bridge" between preclinical and clinical studies of AUD by allowing for well-controlled experimental manipulations in humans with AUD. As such, examining the consilience between experimental models in animals and humans in the laboratory provides unique opportunities to refine the translational utility of such models. The overall goal of the present review is to provide a systematic description and contrast of commonly used animal paradigms for the study of AUD, as well as their human laboratory analogs if applicable. While there is a wide breadth of animal species in AUD research, the paradigms discussed in this review rely predominately on rodent research. The overarching goal of this effort is to provide critical analysis of these animal models and to link them to human laboratory models of AUD. By systematically contrasting preclinical and controlled human laboratory models, we seek to identify opportunities to enhance their translational value through forward and reverse translation. We provide future directions to reconcile differences between animal and human work and to improve translational research for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Nieto
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Erica N. Grodin
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Claudia G. Aguirre
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Alicia Izquierdo
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Lara A. Ray
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
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8
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Radell ML, Hamza EA, Moustafa AA. Depression in post-traumatic stress disorder. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:703-722. [PMID: 32866132 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms commonly occur after trauma-exposure, both alone and in combination with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article reviews recent research on comorbidity between these disorders, including its implications for symptom severity and response to treatment. Despite considerable symptom overlap, the two disorders represent distinct constructs and depend, at least in part, on separate biological mechanisms. Both, however, are also clearly related to stress psychopathology. We recommend that more research focus specifically on the study of individual differences in symptom expression in order to identify distinct subgroups of individuals and develop targeted treatments. However, a barrier to this line of inquiry is the trend of excluding particular patients from clinical trials of new interventions based on symptom severity or comorbidity. Another obstacle is the overreliance on self-report measures in human research. We argue that developing computer-based behavioral measures in order to supplement self-report can help address this challenge. Furthermore, we propose that these measures can help tie findings from human and non-human animal research. A number of paradigms have been used to model MDD-and PTSD-like behavior in animals. These models remain valuable for understanding the biological basis of these disorders in humans and for identifying potential interventions, but they have been underused for the study of comorbidity. Although the interpretation of animal behavior remains a concern, we propose that this can also be overcome through the development of close human analogs to animal paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen L Radell
- Department of Psychology, Niagara University, Lewiston, NY, USA
| | - Eid Abo Hamza
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Education, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marcs Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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9
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Current theories of alcohol use disorders (AUD) highlight the importance of Pavlovian and instrumental learning processes mainly based on preclinical animal studies. Here, we summarize available evidence for alterations of those processes in human participants with AUD with a focus on habitual versus goal-directed instrumental learning, Pavlovian conditioning, and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigms.
Recent Findings
The balance between habitual and goal-directed control in AUD participants has been studied using outcome devaluation or sequential decision-making procedures, which have found some evidence of reduced goal-directed/model-based control, but little evidence for stronger habitual responding. The employed Pavlovian learning and PIT paradigms have shown considerable differences regarding experimental procedures, e.g., alcohol-related or conventional reinforcers or stimuli.
Summary
While studies of basic learning processes in human participants with AUD support a role of Pavlovian and instrumental learning mechanisms in the development and maintenance of drug addiction, current studies are characterized by large variability regarding methodology, sample characteristics, and results, and translation from animal paradigms to human research remains challenging. Longitudinal approaches with reliable and ecologically valid paradigms of Pavlovian and instrumental processes, including alcohol-related cues and outcomes, are warranted and should be combined with state-of-the-art imaging techniques, computational approaches, and ecological momentary assessment methods.
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Xie J, Fang P, Zhang Z, Luo R, Dai B. Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems and Depression Among Females With Substance Use Disorder: The Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Anhedonia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:644882. [PMID: 33746802 PMCID: PMC7969652 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the behavioral inhibition/activation systems (BIS/BAS) have substantial effects on substance use disorder and emotional disorders, and substance use disorder and emotional disorders often occur; in particular, females with substance use disorder are more likely to also have serious emotional disorders including depression than their male counterparts. However, the associations between the BIS/BAS and depression in females with substance use disorder have received little attention. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of these relations are largely unknown. The present study examines the mediating roles of intolerance of uncertainty and anhedonia in the associations between the BIS/BAS and depression among females with substance use disorder from the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. A total of 303 females with substance use disorder from a compulsory substance abuse detention center were tested using a cross-sectional survey involving BIS/BAS Scales, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The path analysis model revealed that both the BIS and BAS had a direct effect on depression, that the BIS had an indirect effect on depression through intolerance of uncertainty, and that the BAS had an indirect effect on depression via anhedonia. These findings contribute to a more thorough understanding of how the BIS/BAS influence depression among females with substance use disorder and suggest that the utility of targeting these associations in treatments would help reduce depression in females with substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Xie
- Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Fang
- Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ronglei Luo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bibing Dai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Lieberman L, Petrey K, Shankman SA, Phan KL, Gorka SM. Heightened reactivity to uncertain threat as a neurobehavioral marker of suicidal ideation in individuals with depression and anxiety. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 155:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Innes SI, Leboeuf-Yde C, Walker BF. Attempting to explore chiropractors and their clinical choices: an examination of a failed study. Chiropr Man Therap 2019; 27:15. [PMID: 30984368 PMCID: PMC6446310 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-019-0236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that psychological factors, attitudes and beliefs impact on the quality of chiropractic student clinical decisions. This association has not been studied among qualified chiropractors. Our objective was to investigate if personality, psychological factors and/or unorthodox beliefs among chiropractors are related to choices of management in specific clinical scenarios. Method In February 2018, a subsample of chiropractors (N = 700) from a practitioner-based research network in Australia known as ACORN (N = 1680), were invited to respond to an on-line anonymous questionnaire. Questions included items relating to management of specific clinical scenarios, intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and the 'Big-5' personality score, adoption of a prescriptive technique system, self-rating of chiropractic abilities, and the level of importance of subluxation and chiropractic philosophy in the delivery of care. Descriptive analysis was to be reported and associations examined between i) personality and psychology factors, unorthodox beliefs and ii) scores obtained for management of specific clinical scenarios, numbers of interdisciplinary referrals, and guideline-based X-ray use. Results The number of respondents was 141 (20%) and 33 of their responses were largely incomplete resulting in a final response rate of 108 (15.4%). In addition, some questions were left unanswered. These related mainly to IU and Big-5 personality measurements. Some sample characteristics (age, number of patients per week, hours worked per week) were similar to the larger ACORN project sample. However, the low response rate indicated that the final study sample was unlikely to be truly representative of the study population and the low number of participants made association testing unsuitable. Conclusion and recommendations The low response rate and small study sample in this study made any substantive analysis inappropriate. For these reasons, the study was not concluded. However, the potential reasons for the low response from this large database of volunteer research participants are of interest and need to be investigated. Clearly, it is necessary to engage this population better to explore sensitive issues such as personality inventories and different practice profiles in the interest of effective health care delivery and patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley I Innes
- 1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde
- 1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.,2Institute for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odens, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bruce F Walker
- 1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
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13
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Radell ML, Allen MT, Favaloro B, Myers CE, Haber P, Morley K, Moustafa AA. Intolerance of uncertainty and conditioned place preference in opioid addiction. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4775. [PMID: 29844956 PMCID: PMC5967368 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several personality factors have been implicated in vulnerability to addiction by impacting learning and decision making. One such factor is intolerance of uncertainty (IU), the tendency to perceive uncertain situations negatively and avoid them. Conditioned place preference (CPP), which compares preference for contexts paired with reward, has been used to examine the motivation for both drug and non-drug rewards. However, preference for locations associated with non-drug reward, as well as the potential influence of IU, has not been thoroughly studied in individuals with addiction. In the current study, we examined CPP using a computer-based task in a sample of addicted individuals undergoing opioid maintenance treatment and never-addicted controls. Patients were confirmed to have higher IU than controls. In the CPP task, the two groups did not differ in overall time spent in the previously-rewarded context. However, controls were more likely than patients to immediately return to this context. Contrary to our predictions, IU was not a significant predictor of preference for the previously-rewarded context, although higher IU in controls was associated with a higher number of rewards obtained in the task. No such relationship was found in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen L Radell
- Department of Psychology, Niagara University, Lewiston, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael Todd Allen
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States of America
| | - Belinda Favaloro
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine E Myers
- Department of Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, United States of America.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Paul Haber
- Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten Morley
- Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Marcs Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Garami J, Haber P, Myers CE, Allen MT, Misiak B, Frydecka D, Moustafa AA. Intolerance of uncertainty in opioid dependency - Relationship with trait anxiety and impulsivity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181955. [PMID: 28759635 PMCID: PMC5536349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is the tendency to interpret ambiguous situations as threatening and having negative consequences, resulting in feelings of distress and anxiety. IU has been linked to a number of anxiety disorders, and anxiety felt in the face of uncertainty may result in maladaptive behaviors such as impulsive decision making. Although there is strong evidence that anxiety and impulsivity are risk factors for addiction, there is a paucity of research examining the role of IU in this disorder. The rate of opioid addiction, in particular, has been rising steadily in recent years, which necessitates deeper understanding of risk factors in order to develop effective prevention and treatment methods. The current study tested for the first time whether opioid-dependent adults are less tolerant of uncertainty compared to a healthy comparison group. Opioid dependent patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (n = 114) and healthy comparisons (n = 69) completed the following scales: Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, the Barrett Impulsivity Scale, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Analysis revealed that these measures were positively correlated with each other and that opioid-dependent patients had significantly higher IU scores. Regression analysis revealed that anxiety mediated the relationship between IU and impulsivity. Hierarchical moderation regression found an interaction between addiction status and impulsivity on IU scores in that the relationship between these variables was only observed in the patient group. Findings suggest that IU is a feature of addiction but does not necessarily play a unique role. Further research is needed to explore the complex relationship between traits and how they may contribute to the development and maintenance of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Garami
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Haber
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine E. Myers
- Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Allen
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Blazej Misiak
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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15
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The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty in chiropractic students and their treatment intervention choices. Chiropr Man Therap 2017; 25:20. [PMID: 28815014 PMCID: PMC5518163 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-017-0150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological factors, such as intolerance of uncertainty (IU), have been shown to impact on the quality of medical care. However, this psychological measure has not been studied in the chiropractic profession. Our objective was to investigate if higher levels of IU in chiropractic students were related to poor choices of management in specific clinical scenarios. Also, we sought to investigate if levels of IU were related to students’ intentions to adopt a prescriptive chiropractic technique system and evaluate their levels of self-belief. Method Between October and November of 2016, students from two Australian chiropractic programs (N = 444) answered a questionnaire on measures of IU levels, patient case scenarios for neck and low back pain, and questions about self-ratings of their future chiropractic abilities and perceived need for the adoption of a chiropractic technique system. Associations were tested by the IU score and the therapeutic choices relating to a) a neck pain case scenario, b) a low back pain scenario, c) various technique systems, and d) the self-rated competence level treating the IU score both as a continuous and a categorical variable. Results There was an overall response rate of 53%. Those students who were high in levels of IU were significantly more likely to make incorrect clinical decisions than those with normal or low levels of IU for the neck pain case scenario. No differences were found on the low back pain scenario, on preferences to use a technique system in the future, or on predicted self-rating of competence after graduation. Conclusions Psychological factors, such as IU, may have an impact on chiropractic students’ clinical decisions. However, it does not impact on all aspects of practice. This finding has implications for chiropractic educators, especially when dealing with neck pain. However, it may be relevant to continue the search for specific personality profiles in relation to various favourable and unfavourable practice patterns, as it is unknown whether these dynamics are important for other aspects of chiropractic education. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12998-017-0150-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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16
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Childs E, Astur RS, de Wit H. Virtual reality conditioned place preference using monetary reward. Behav Brain Res 2017; 322:110-114. [PMID: 28108321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Computerized tasks based on conditioned place preference (CPP) methodology offer the opportunity to study learning mechanisms involved in conditioned reward in humans. In this study, we examined acquisition and extinction of a CPP for virtual environments associated with monetary reward ($). Healthy men and women (N=57) completed a computerized CPP task in which they controlled an avatar within a virtual environment. On day 1, subjects completed 6 conditioning trials in which one room was paired with high $ and another with low $. Acquisition of place conditioning was assessed by measuring the time spent in each room during an exploration test of the virtual environments and using self-reported ratings of room liking and preference. Twenty-four hours later, retention and extinction of CPP were assessed during 4 successive exploration tests of the virtual environments. Participants exhibited a place preference for (spent significantly more time in) the virtual room paired with high $ over the one paired with low $ (p=0.015). They also reported that they preferred the high $ room (p<0.001) and liked it significantly more than the low $ room (p<0.001). However, these preferences were short-lived: 24h later subjects did not exhibit a behavioral or subjective preference for the high $ room. These findings show that individuals exhibit transient behavioral and subjective preferences for a virtual environment paired with monetary reward. Variations on this task may be useful to study mechanisms and brain substrates involved in conditioned reward and to examine the influence of drugs upon appetitive conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Childs
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Robert S Astur
- University of Connecticut, Department of Psychological Sciences, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA
| | - Harriet de Wit
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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