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Qu D, Wen X, Liu B, Zhang X, He Y, Chen D, Duan X, Yu J, Liu D, Zhang X, Ou J, Zhou J, Cui Z, An J, Wang Y, Zhou X, Yuan T, Tang J, Yue W, Chen R. Non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese population: a scoping review of prevalence, method, risk factors and preventive interventions. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 37:100794. [PMID: 37693882 PMCID: PMC10485683 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury behavior (NSSI) is a serious public health concern that requires immediate attention. Despite the high prevalence of NSSI among the Chinese population, there is a significant gap in research on the comprehensive picture of this field. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted to investigate the prevalence, methods, risk factors, and preventive intervention programs related to NSSI in China. The review found that the estimated lifetime prevalence of NSSI among Chinese youth population is alarmingly high at 24.7% (N = 1,088,433). Common methods of NSSI include scratching, hitting, and biting. Additionally, the review synthesized 249 risk factors based on the biopsychosocial-ecological framework, highlighting the urgent need for intervention. However, only 12 empirical studies focus on NSSI prevention or intervention programs were included. These findings underscore the necessity for more clinical practices and larger studies to identify effective interventions and ultimately alleviate the burden of NSSI on the Chinese population. Funding This review was supported by Humanity and Social Science Youth foundation of Ministry of Education (22YJCZH018), Science and Technology Innovation 2030 (STI2030-Major Projects:2021ZD0200702), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81825009), and Shuimu Tsinghua Scholar. No funding agencies were involved in the data collection, data analysis, and writing of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyang Qu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao He
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueer Duan
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaao Yu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyu Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zaixu Cui
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing An
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tifei Yuan
- Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Preventive, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Wang K, He Q, Zhu X, Hu Y, Yao Y, Hommel B, Beste C, Liu J, Yang Y, Zhang W. Smaller putamen volumes are associated with greater problems in external emotional regulation in depressed adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:338-346. [PMID: 36179414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The functions of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) consist of social and emotional aspects (Social influence, Sensation seeking, Internal and External emotion regulation). Previous studies have indicated that dysfunction in reward-related brain structures especially the striatum might drive this habitual behavior. However, no studies to date have investigated the associations between striatum and different functions for adolescents engaging in NSSI behaviors. Here, we recruited 35 depressed adolescents with recent NSSI behaviors and 36 healthy controls and acquired structural brain images, depressive symptoms, social, academic and family environments assessments, in addition to NSSI functions in patients only. Subcortical volumes and cortical thickness were estimated with FreeSurfer. Mixed linear regressions were performed to examine associations between striatal structures (caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, pallidum) and NSSI functions, with age, sex, total intracranial volume, hemisphere and depression severity included as covariates. Effect of environmental factors and potential associations with cortical thickness and other subcortical volumes were also tested. We found that, among the four functions, external emotional regulation represented the main function for NSSI engagement. Increased external emotion regulation was significantly associated with smaller putamen volume. No environmental factors biased the association with putamen. No associations with other cortical or subcortical regions were observed. Our findings suggested that smaller putamen might be a biomarker of NSSI engagement for depressed adolescents when they regulated frustrated or angry emotions. The results have potentially clinical implications in early identification and brain intervention of NSSI in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangcheng Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xingxing Zhu
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yufei Hu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bernhard Hommel
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China; Cognitive Psychology Unit, & Leiden Institute for Brain & Cognition, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Jintong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Childhood Psychiatry Unit, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Childhood Psychiatry Unit, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China.
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Psycho-Behavioral Profiles of Pediatric Inpatients with Past and Recent Onset of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Cluster Analysis Approach. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154602. [PMID: 35956216 PMCID: PMC9369878 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the persistence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) over time in developmental age. This study aimed to define the psycho-behavioral profiles of young inpatients according to past or recent NSSI onset (i.e., NSSI for more or less than one year, respectively), and identify possible risk factors for maintaining NSSI over time. A total of 118 Italian NSSI inpatients aged 9–17 were involved. The Youth Self-Report (YSR) was administered. K-means cluster analyses were conducted using the YSR affective disorders, social competencies, and social problems scales as clustering variables. A binomial logistic regression was run to clarify which of these variables discriminate between the past and recent NSSI onset groups. Chi-square tests were performed to pinpoint the variables associated with long-standing NSSI. The final cluster solution displayed four psycho-behavioral profiles; a greater number of inpatients with recent NSSI onset was found in the clusters characterized by scarce social competencies. Affective disorders and social competencies were significant predictors, and higher scores on both scales were more likely in the past NSSI onset group. School problems and alcohol/substance use were related to long-standing NSSI. Therefore, a lack of social skills may be involved in recent NSSI onset, while affective disorders and other problem behaviors may dictate the continuation of NSSI over time.
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Gatta M, Angelico C, Rigoni F, Raffagnato A, Miscioscia M. Alexithymia and Psychopathological Manifestations Centered on the Body: Somatization and Self-Harm. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082220. [PMID: 35456311 PMCID: PMC9026923 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate alexithymia and psychopathological manifestations centered on the body in a sample of adolescents with somatizing and/or self-harming issues to analyze the phenomenon of NSSI linked to Somatic Symptom Disorders (SSD). A sample of 184 adolescents between 12 and 19 years of age, was divided into three groups, one with NSSI (n = 49) and the second group with SSD (n = 57), comparing them with a third group of adolescents with SSD and NSSI (n = 78) to investigate their differences and similarities in psychopathological correlates and to analyze the mediation role of alexithymia and emotional dysregulation in NSSI and SSD related to internalizing problems. The battery of tests included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Youth Self-Report 11–18 (YSR). The NSSI + SSD group scored higher than the other two groups on all the YSR scales. The affective syndromes were the only clinical condition that discriminated between the three groups. On all the other syndrome scales, the NSSI + SSD group differed from the other two groups, while there were no differences between the NSSI group and the SSD group. The NSSI + SSD group revealed a more severely deficient emotional self-regulation. Difficulty identifying feelings was a trait shared by adolescents with SSD and those engaging in NSSI, a more complex overall alexithymia profile was associated with the combination of self-harming behavior and somatization. Alexithymia and emotional dysregulation played a mediating role in the relationship between internalizing problems and somatization. We did not find a mediating role in alexithymia and emotional dysregulation in the relationship between internalizing problems and self-injurious behavior. The combination of NSSI and SSD gave rise to more severe psychopathological correlates, clinical levels of alexithymia, and more severe deficient emotional self-regulation. Results of mediation role indicated a link between alexithymia, emotional dysregulation, and somatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (F.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Caterina Angelico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (F.R.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesca Rigoni
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (F.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (F.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (F.R.); (A.R.)
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (M.M.)
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Miscioscia M, Angelico C, Raffagnato A, Gatta M. Psychopathological and Interactive-Relational Characteristics in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Adolescent Outpatients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051218. [PMID: 35268309 PMCID: PMC8911069 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is described as behaviors that directly and intentionally inflict damage to body tissue without suicidal intent and for reasons not linked to cultural expectations or norms. Literature has confirmed several “specific risk factors” related to NSSI behaviors; emotional reactivity, internalizing problems, alexithymia traits, and maladaptive family functioning can predispose an individual to intrapersonal and interpersonal vulnerabilities related to difficulties in regulating one’s own cognitive-emotional experience. The present study aims to analyze and define the psychopathological and family interactive-relational characteristics of adolescents with NSSI through a case-control study. Thirty-one patients with NSSI and thirty-one patients without NSSI paired for sex, age, and psychiatric diagnosis (ICD-10) were recruited in Padua among two Child Neuropsychiatry Units before the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show a higher prevalence of internalizing problems, alexithymia trait related to “difficulty identifying feelings”, and lower quality of family functioning related to inclusion of partners, child involvement, and child self-regulation. These results carry significant implications for the clinical management and therapeutic care of non-suicidal self-injury patients and further confirm the need for an in-depth investigation of internalizing problems, alexithymia, and quality of family interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(049)-821-1160
| | - Caterina Angelico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
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Raffagnato A, Angelico C, Fasolato R, Sale E, Gatta M, Miscioscia M. Parental Bonding and Children's Psychopathology: A Transgenerational View Point. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:1012. [PMID: 34828725 PMCID: PMC8618782 DOI: 10.3390/children8111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Literature confirmed parental bonding as one of key factors influencing offspring's psychopathology; the present study aimed to investigate, with a case-control study, the relationship between parental bonding and psychopathology in an Italian adolescent sample. The clinical sample was composed of 64 adolescents from 12 to 18 years old (Mage 15.00; S.D. 1.70) attending a Neuropsychiatric Unit of Veneto; the non-clinical sample was composed of 61 adolescents, from 13 to 18 years old (Mage 14.80; S.D. 1.32) attending middle and high school in the province of Padua and Pesaro (Italy); their parents (mothers and fathers) were also involved. In the study, self-reported tests were administered (Parental Bonding Instrument, Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self Report). Our study confirmed a correlation between parental bonding and adolescent psychopathology: dysfunctional parenting styles (characterized by low care and high control) were more frequent among cases in contrast to controls. An effect of gender also appeared. In the Italian adolescent clinical sample, parental bonding, especially low parental care, was correlated to the emergence of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Caterina Angelico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Rachele Fasolato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Eleonora Sale
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, ULSS6 Padua, 35143 Padua, Italy;
| | - Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Zanato S, Miscioscia M, Traverso A, Gatto M, Poli M, Raffagnato A, Gatta M. A Retrospective Study on the Factors Associated with Long-Stay Hospitalization in a Child Neuropsychiatry Unit. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1241. [PMID: 34575015 PMCID: PMC8465245 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The past twenty years have seen a rapid increase in acute psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents, with a subsequent rise in the number of psychiatric hospitalizations. This paper aims to: (a) describe the epidemiology of hospitalizations and some of the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of pediatric patients admitted to a regional referral Complex Operative Child Neuropsychiatry Hospital Unit in Northeast Italy and (b) identify potential factors correlated with the length of hospital stay. METHODS 318 (M = 12.8 years; SD = 3.11; 72% Female) patients hospitalized for mental health disorders from 2013 to 2019. RESULTS Around 60% of hospital admissions occurred via the emergency room, mostly due to suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempts (24%). Affective disorders were the most frequent discharge diagnosis (40%). As for factors correlated with length of hospital stay, we found significant links with chronological age, way of hospital admission, cause of admission, discharge diagnosis, presence of psychiatric comorbidity, family conflict, and psychiatric family history. CONCLUSIONS These results provide information about global characteristics associated with the length of psychiatric hospital stays in pediatric patients and provide a basis on which specific precautions can be hypothesized with the aim of developing more focused treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zanato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.T.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.T.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Annalisa Traverso
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.T.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Miriam Gatto
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Mikael Poli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.T.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.T.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
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The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study on the Emotional-Behavioral Sequelae for Children and Adolescents with Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Their Families. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189880. [PMID: 34574803 PMCID: PMC8471939 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the immediate and short-term impact of the pandemic on the psychological well-being of Italian children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders and their families. Overall, 56 patients aged 6-18 (M = 13.4 years, SD = 2.77) and their parents were evaluated during the COVID-19 lockdown (T0) and after 4 months (T1). An ad hoc data sheet, Youth Self-Report 11-18 (YSR), Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were administered. Patients, mainly suffering from internalizing disorders, overall demonstrated a good adaptation to the pandemic context. Moreover, patients with behavioral disorders showed a greater psychological discomfort at both T0 and T1 compared to patients with internalizing disorders. Over time, patients presented an improvement on the emotional side, as proven by a significant decrease in internalizing and post-traumatic stress problems. Finally, no significant differences were found in the emotional-behavioral profile of patients according to the means of conducting neuropsychiatric interventions during the lockdown (i.e., in person/remotely/interrupted), thus allowing us to exclude important negative effects caused by the transition to remote therapy. Concerning parents, an inverse relationship emerged between the DASS-21 scores and the level of resilience, which therefore represents a protective factor against psychological maladjustment. Over time, an improvement in the psychological well-being of parents was observed, as shown by a significant decrease in mothers' anxiety and fathers' stress.
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The Role of Psychological Factors in Non-suicidal Self-injury of Female Adolescents. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as inflicting damage to one’s own body. It begins in adolescence and tends to become chronic. Objectives: Considering the high prevalence and chronicity of NSSI among girls, the present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the prevalence of NSSI in female adolescents from their perspective. Methods: The participants consisted of 604 female high-school students in Saveh, aged 14 - 17 years (14.29 ± 1.11), who were selected via random cluster sampling from November 2018 to January 2019. They answered six questionnaires, including the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS), Ways of Coping questionnaire (WCQ), Child Abuse Self-report scale (CASRS), Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism scale (FEICS), Emotion Reactivity scale (ERS), and Aggression questionnaire (AQ). Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: The predictor variables of child abuse, emotion reactivity, perceived parental criticism, family emotional involvement, and problem- and emotion-focused coping styles could successfully distinguish NSSI individuals from those without NSSI (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between minor and moderate groups. Conclusions: Family emotional support is a protective factor, while criticism, child abuse, and emotion-focused coping style are risk factors for NSSI.
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Nemati H, Sahebihagh MH, Mahmoodi M, Ghiasi A, Ebrahimi H, Barzanjeh Atri S, Mohammadpoorasl A. Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Its Relationship with Family Psychological Function and Perceived Social Support among Iranian High School Students. J Res Health Sci 2020; 20:e00469. [PMID: 32814690 PMCID: PMC7585761 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become one of the serious public health concerns among adolescents. Factors like family and social environment of adolescents may be important determinants of the NSSI. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family psychological function and perceived social support with the NSSI experience among adolescents. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS Overall, 4216 high school students (15-18 yr old) of Tabriz City, northwestern Iran were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method in October and November 2017. Participants completed survey including demographic characteristics, NSSI status, Iranian family psychological function, and perceived social support. After six months, NSSI status was reassessed. The data were analyzed using logistic regression model. RESULTS 8.5% of the students had NSSI experience. In addition, the weak family psychological function increased the odds of experiencing the NSSI by 13 times compared to the strong psychological function (OR = 13.15, 95% CI: 7.19, 23.80). Besides, the low level of perceived social support increased the odds of experiencing the NSSI by about 7 times compared to the high perception of social support (OR= 6.67, 95% CI: 4.01, 11.11). CONCLUSION Low levels of psychological functioning of the families and perception of social support significantly can increase the odds of experiencing the NSSI among adolescents. Therefore, special attention should be paid to these factors in the development of relevant preventive programs in adolescence period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nemati
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Sahebihagh
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Mahmoodi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Ghiasi
- HEB School of Business and Administration, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Barzanjeh Atri
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Fu X, Yang J, Liao X, Lin J, Peng Y, Shen Y, Ou J, Li Y, Chen R. Parents' Attitudes Toward and Experience of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents: A Qualitative Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:651. [PMID: 32760298 PMCID: PMC7373789 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent in adolescents and brings a series of serious consequences to their well-being. However, little is known about parents' attitude toward NSSI in Chinese adolescents. The study aims to investigate the parents' attitudes toward and perceptions of adolescents who have engaged in NSSI behaviors, and the impact of NSSI on their parents. METHODS Purposive sampling was used in the study. The biological parents of adolescents with NSSI were recruited from the psychiatric ward of a tertiary hospital in China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted which contained three aspects, that is the history of NSSI, the process of seeking or maintaining help and the impacts on the family. Each interview typically lasted 40-50 min. All of the interviews were audio-recorded. Their responses were analyzed by the thematic analysis. RESULTS Twenty participants completed the interview, consisting of 16 mothers and 4 fathers. Three themes and eight sub-themes were extracted: (1) the attitudes to children's NSSI behaviors (ignorance, shame, and stereotype); (2) coping strategies of parents (the initial response to adolescents' NSSI, and the way of help-seeking); (3) the impacts on family (altered parenting and communication styles, limited personal lives, and increased psychological pressure). CONCLUSION The results showed that parents lack the knowledge about NSSI and its treatment and are suffering great emotional stress. It is recommended to expand the popularization of knowledge of NSSI in adolescents and more interventions adapted to China's sociocultural climate are required for the well-being of parents and NSSI in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yidong Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjun Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runsen Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Gatta M, Miscioscia M, Svanellini L, Spoto A, Difronzo M, de Sauma M, Ferruzza E. Effectiveness of Brief Psychodynamic Therapy With Children and Adolescents: An Outcome Study. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:501. [PMID: 31956643 PMCID: PMC6951412 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the effectiveness of child and adolescent psychotherapy treatments provided by the Italian National Health Service lag behind, while the scientific community has rather focused on the value of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapeutic approaches. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a one year psychodynamically-oriented intervention with children and adolescents-aged between 6 and 18 years (M = 12.08, SD = 3.7)-and their parents, carried out in a Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (SCIAF), part of the Italian National Health System. Following a psychodiagnostic assessment, two types of therapeutic intervention were offered: children and adolescents allocated to Group 1 (N = 26) were offered individual psychodynamic psychotherapy alone, whilst youths in Group 2 (N = 31) were offered individual psychotherapy, accompanied by parental support. This study examines the effects of this time-limited (12 month) psychodynamically-oriented psychotherapy in terms of improvements in patients' symptoms (measured on the Achenbach's questionnaires: Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report 11-18). This study also examines the effects of treatment on parents' perception of their family empowerment. This domain is measured on the Family Empowerment Scale (FES). Our findings seem to be partly in line with published studies according to which poor parenting (i.e., characterized by lack of warmth, a rigid and/or negative parenting style, poor monitoring of the children, etc.) would be positively associated with Externalizing problems in childhood. Our preliminary findings suggest that brief psychodynamic therapy seemed to show positive outcomes in both "Internalizing" and "Externalizing" difficulties, accounting for age-related differences, ICD-10 (1) diagnoses, and the types of treatment offered. However, no statistically significant changes were detected in the parents' perceptions of empowerment at 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gatta
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenza Svanellini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Spoto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Emilia Ferruzza
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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13
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Zinchuk MS, Avedisova AS, Guekht AB. Nonsuicidal self-injury behavior in non-psychotic disorders: epidemiology, social and clinical risk factors. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:108-119. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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