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Scoten O, Tabi K, Paquette V, Carrion P, Ryan D, Radonjic NV, Whitham EA, Hippman C. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 231:19-35. [PMID: 38432409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.02.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that frequently persists into adulthood with 3% of adult women having a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Many women are diagnosed and treated during their reproductive years, which leads to management implications during pregnancy and the postpartum period. We know from clinical practice that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms frequently become challenging to manage during the perinatal period and require additional support and attention. There is often uncertainty among healthcare providers about the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the perinatal period, particularly the safety of pharmacotherapy for the developing fetus. This guideline is focused on best practices in managing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the perinatal period. We recommend (1) mitigating the risks associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder that worsen during the perinatal period via individualized treatment planning; (2) providing psychoeducation, self-management strategies or coaching, and psychotherapies; and, for those with moderate or severe attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, (3) considering pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which largely has reassuring safety data. Specifically, providers should work collaboratively with patients and their support networks to balance the risks of perinatal attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication with the risks of inadequately treated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy. The risks and impacts of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in pregnancy can be successfully managed through preconception counselling and appropriate perinatal planning, management, and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Scoten
- University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katarina Tabi
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Reproductive Mental Health Program, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BCCH Centre for Mindfulness, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Prescilla Carrion
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Reproductive Mental Health Program, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Deirdre Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Reproductive Mental Health Program, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nevena V Radonjic
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | | | - Catriona Hippman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Reproductive Mental Health Program, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Martínez-Jaime MM, Reyes-Morales H, Peyrot-Negrete I, Barrientos-Álvarez MS. Access to early diagnosis for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents in Mexico City at specialized mental health services. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:599. [PMID: 38715039 PMCID: PMC11077856 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mexico, this pioneering research was undertaken to assess the accessibility of timely diagnosis of Dyads [Children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and their primary caregivers] at specialized mental health services. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved designing an "Access Pathway" aimed to identify barriers and facilitators for ADHD diagnosis; several barriers, with only the teacher being identified as a facilitator. In the second phase, the study aimed to determine the time taken for dyads, to obtain a timely diagnosis at each stage of the Access Pathway. As well as identify any disparities based on gender and socioeconomic factors that might affect the age at which children can access a timely diagnosis. METHOD In a retrospective cohort study, 177 dyads participated. To collect data, the Acceda Survey was used, based on the robust Conceptual Model Levesque, 2013. The survey consisted of 48 questions that were both dichotomous and polytomous allowing the creation of an Access Pathway that included five stages: the age of perception, the age of search, the age of first contact with a mental health professional, the age of arrival at the host hospital, and the age of diagnosis. The data was meticulously analyzed using a comprehensive descriptive approach and a nonparametric multivariate approach by sex, followed by post-hoc Mann-Whitney's U tests. Demographic factors were evaluated using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses. RESULTS 71% of dyads experienced a late, significantly late, or highly late diagnosis of ADHD. Girls were detected one year later than boys. Both boys and girls took a year to seek specialized mental health care and an additional year to receive a formal specialized diagnosis. Children with more siblings had longer delays in diagnosis, while caregivers with formal employment were found to help obtain timely diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest starting the Access Pathway where signs and symptoms of ADHD are detected, particularly at school, to prevent children from suffering consequences. Mental health school-based service models have been successfully tested in other latitudes, making them a viable option to shorten the time to obtain a timely diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Magdalena Martínez-Jaime
- Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro", San Buenaventura 86. Col. Belisario Domínguez Tlalpan, México City, 14080, México.
| | - Hortensia Reyes-Morales
- del Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62100, México
| | - Ixchel Peyrot-Negrete
- Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Alcaldía Coyoacan Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 04510, México City, México
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Kousha M, Hasanpour Asli S, Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi F, Shoar Y, Shoar Z. Body Mass Index Changes in Children and Adolescents Treated with Methylphenidate for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2024; 18:73-82. [PMID: 38617392 PMCID: PMC11015723 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.38134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and obesity are major pediatric public health problems. The present study aimed to examine the association between these two health parties in our pediatric populations. Materials & Methods This study is a single group retrospective cohort study about Body Mass Index (BMI) changes in 149 children and adolescents between 3-18 years old with a diagnosis of ADHD based on one child and adolescent psychiatrist interview according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition criteria (DSM-IV-TR). All participants were treated with methylphenidate. Besides, they were reassessed by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Persian version (K-SADS-PL-P). Furthermore, the height, weight, and BMI of participants were calculated. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, repeated measures, and Wilks' lambda analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. Results The mean age of patients was 8.2±2.6 years, and 71.8% were boys. The obtained results showed that those treated with methylphenidate for more extended periods had higher BMI increases (p <0.001). The change in BMI was not related to the age at the start of treatment (p = 0.125), but this index was significantly different based on the years under treatment (p = 0.002). Moreover, changes in BMI were not significant based on gender (p = 0.850), the type of ADHD specifiers (p= 0.686), and concomitant drugs (p = 0.783). Conclusion This study's findings suggest that long-term use of ADHD medications could raise the risk of obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kousha
- Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hasanpour Asli
- Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi
- Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Yasmin Shoar
- Children's Oncology Group (COG), Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Zohreh Shoar
- Department of Pediatrics, Cottage Children's Medical Center, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Hogendoorn E, van der Ziel S, van Vliet MJ, Rosmalen JGM. Intertwined development of ADHD symptoms and physical conditions. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2023; 7:817-819. [PMID: 37973250 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elske Hogendoorn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Sterre van der Ziel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Michel J van Vliet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Judith G M Rosmalen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands.
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Lindvall MA, Holmqvist KL, Svedell LA, Philipson A, Cao Y, Msghina M. START - physical exercise and person-centred cognitive skills training as treatment for adult ADHD: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:697. [PMID: 37749523 PMCID: PMC10521407 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Core symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Many individuals with this disorder also have a sedentary lifestyle, co-morbid mental illness such as depressive and anxiety disorders, and reduced quality of life. People with ADHD often have impaired executive function, which among other things may include difficulty in time management and structuring of everyday life. Pharmacological treatment is often the first-line option, but non-pharmacological treatment is also available and is used in clinical settings. In children and adolescents with ADHD, physical exercise is used as a non-pharmacological treatment. However, the evidence for the effectiveness of exercise in adults is sparse. OBJECTIVE To implement the START intervention (START = Stöd i Aktivitet, Rörelse och Träning [Support in activity, movement and exercise]) consisting of a 12-week, structured mixed exercise programme with or without a cognitive intervention, in adults with ADHD, and study whether it has an effect on core symptoms of ADHD as well as physical, cognitive, mental and everyday functioning compared with usual treatment. A secondary aim is to investigate the participants' experiences of the intervention and its possible benefits, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of START compared with usual treatment. METHODS This is a randomized controlled trial planned to be conducted in 120 adults with ADHD, aged 18-65. The intervention will be given as an add-on to standard care. Participants will be randomized to three groups. Group 1 will be given a physiotherapist-led mixed exercise programme for 12 weeks. Group 2 will receive the same intervention as group 1 with the addition of occupational therapist-led cognitive skills training. Group 3 will be the control group who will receive standard care only. The primary outcome will be reduction of ADHD symptoms measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1), Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S) and CGI-Improvement scale (CGI-I). The effect will be measured within 1 week after the end of the intervention and 6 and 12 months later. DISCUSSION Data collection began in March 2021. The final 12-month follow-up is anticipated to be completed by autumn 2024. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05049239). Registered on 20 September 2021 (last verified: May 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mialinn Arvidsson Lindvall
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, 70182, SE, Sweden.
| | - Kajsa Lidström Holmqvist
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, 70182, SE, Sweden
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, 70182, SE, Sweden
| | - Lena Axelsson Svedell
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, 70182, SE, Sweden
| | - Anna Philipson
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, 70182, SE, Sweden
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, 70182, SE, Sweden
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mussie Msghina
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, 70182, SE, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Caldani S, Acquaviva E, Moscoso A, Landman B, Michel A, Delorme R, Bucci MP. Motor Capabilities in Children with ADHD Are Improved after Brief Visuopostural Training. Neurol Int 2023; 15:792-803. [PMID: 37489356 PMCID: PMC10366723 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with ADHD show poor motor control. The aim of the present study was to test whether children with ADHD improved their motor performances (oculomotor as well as posture) after a short visuopostural training period. Two groups (G1 trained and G2 non-trained), each comprising 15 children with ADHD matched in IQ (intelligence quotient), sex, and age, participated in the study. Eye movements and postural sway were measured before (T1) and after (T2) 10 min of visuopostural training for the trained group and after 10 min of resting for the non-trained group. Training consisted of a visual search task performed while the child was standing on an unstable platform. At T1, oculomotor and postural abilities were statistically similar for both groups of children with ADHD (trained and non-trained). At T2, significant improvements in both oculomotor and postural capabilities were observed for the trained group but not for the non-trained group. These findings suggest that a short visuopostural training period could help children with ADHD to learn how to focus their visual attention in order to improve motor performance. Visuopostural training could allow a better integration of sensory inputs via central mechanisms, leading to improvement in both oculomotor and postural control. Further studies on a larger number of children with ADHD will be needed to confirm these findings and explore the eventual possible persistence of the training effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caldani
- MoDyCo, UMR 7114 CNRS Université Paris Nanterre, 92001 Nanterre, France
- Centre for the Functional Exploration of Balance in Children (EFEE), Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Eric Acquaviva
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Ana Moscoso
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Landman
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Michel
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
- Paris University, 75005 Paris, France
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maria Pia Bucci
- MoDyCo, UMR 7114 CNRS Université Paris Nanterre, 92001 Nanterre, France
- Centre for the Functional Exploration of Balance in Children (EFEE), Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
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Svedell LA, Holmqvist KL, Lindvall MA, Cao Y, Msghina M. Feasibility and tolerability of moderate intensity regular physical exercise as treatment for core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized pilot study. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1133256. [PMID: 37255729 PMCID: PMC10225649 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1133256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with sedentary lifestyle, low quality of life and low physical fitness. Studies in children with ADHD have shown that regular physical exercise can help reduce core ADHD symptoms, but evidence for this is lacking in adults. Although guidelines recommend multi-modal treatment, central stimulants (CS) remain the mainstay of treatment. CS are effective in the short-term, but their long-term efficacy remains to be established. There is thus huge unmet need for developing non-pharmacological treatment options, and for well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Objective The study aimed to test the feasibility and tolerability of structured moderate-intensity 12-week physical exercise program for adults with ADHD, as a prelude to an adequately powered RCT which includes long-term follow-up. Materials and methods Fourteen adults with ADHD were recruited, 9 randomized to an intervention group and 5 to a control group. The intervention group received physiotherapist-led 50-minute mixed exercise program, three times a week for 12 weeks, and the control group treatment as usual. Participants were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks using clinical and physical evaluations, self-rating questionnaires, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) together with paradigms that tested attention, impulsivity and emotion regulation. Results Three participants (21%) dropped out shortly after inclusion before receiving any intervention, while roughly 80% completed the intervention according to protocol. One participant from the intervention group participated in less than 60% of treatment sessions, and one who had done baseline fMRI was unwilling to do post-intervention imaging. Four participants in the intervention group (67%) reported increased stress in prioritizing the intervention due to time-management difficulties. Overall, consistent trends were observed that indicated the feasibility and potential benefits of the intervention on core ADHD symptoms, quality of life, body awareness, sleep and cognitive functioning. Conclusion Physiotherapist-led twelve-week regular physical exercise is a feasible and potentially beneficial intervention for adults with ADHD. There was a 20% drop-out initially and 67% of those who completed the intervention reported stress with time management difficulties due to participation. A third arm was thus added to the planned RCT where cognitive intervention administered by an occupational therapist will be given together with physical exercise.Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05049239.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Svedell
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - K. L. Holmqvist
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - M. A. Lindvall
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Y. Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Msghina
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Erlandsson SI, Hornborg C, Sorbring E, Dauman N. Is ADHD a way of conceptualizing long-term emotional stress and social disadvantage? Front Public Health 2022; 10:966900. [PMID: 36424967 PMCID: PMC9680974 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.966900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalent, neuropsychiatric, deficit perspective on children and youth diagnosed with ADHD prohibits a multidimensional approach where socio-economic status, family stress and relationships within the families are relevant factors to examine. Assessments of ADHD through the use of rating scales and short-term interventions may lead not only to overdiagnosis but also to a reductionistic approach in the psychiatric field. This literature review aims to address research outside the prevailing discourse on ADHD as an organic brain dysfunction and broaden the perspectives on children's behavioral difficulties. Methods The articles included in this applied, mixed-method, systematic review includes 26 peer-reviewed articles, both English and French, with a search focus on ADHD in children and youth related to Attachment styles and relationships. Results In the studies reported, researchers approached correlations between ADHD and attachment in different ways, and in most cases, there was a caution to address causality. The role of parents was found to be both buffering and aggravating for the appearance of ADHD. In the French case studies, the diagnosis was conceptualized as a relational phenomenon where the child's behavior was inseparable from family member's suffering. Discussion This review article illustrates how children's difficulties in terms of ADHD symptoms can be addressed through a paradigm where emotional and cognitive dysregulation is understood through psychosocial factors rather than as a neurological condition. In our view, to avoid an overly reductionistic and medicalized approach to children's behavioral difficulties, it is time to reiterate the value of the biopsychosocial perspective. Conclusion Professionals and researchers need to acknowledge that becoming diagnosed with ADHD has a strong connection to economic disadvantage, social status, and familial care. The academic discourse of addressing brain dysfunctions might serve the unintended purpose of masking emotional stress and social disadvantage that manifests across generations. A biopsychosocial approach to ADHD including family, emotional history, and socio-economic issues could imply a lesser focus on medical treatment as a first choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soly I. Erlandsson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Hornborg
- Department of Sociology and Work Science, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Campus Västervik, Västervik, Sweden
| | - Emma Sorbring
- Department of Social and Behavioral Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
- Campus Västervik, Västervik, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Dauman
- Department of Psychology, Université de Poitiers, Univ Rennes, Univ Angers, Univ Brest, RPPSY, Poitiers, France
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The relationships between screen time and mental health problems among Chinese adults. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 146:279-285. [PMID: 34785040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the specific relationships between screen time and various mental health problems among community-dwelling adults in China. METHODS Self-reports of weekday and weekend screen time (TV, computer use and cell phone/tablet use), symptoms of PTSD, depression, and ADHD, and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were completed by 7121 Chinese adults. Logistic regression was used to examine specific relationships between screen time and mental health problems with demographics, physical activity, drinking, smoking, and sleep duration as covariates. RESULTS On weekdays, the participants spending at least 3 h on watching TV, computer use and cell phone/tablet use respectively accounted for 6.8%, 15.9% and 45.9%. On weekends, the proportions were 15.5%, 12.1% and 50.0%. Computer use on weekends was associated with higher risk of PTSD (OR = 1.81); cell phone/tablet use on weekdays and weekends was related to increased depression (OR = 1.38, OR = 1.28, respectively), while only computer use on weekends was related to depression (OR = 1.33); cell phone/tablet use both on weekdays and weekends was also connected to ADHD (OR = 1.56, OR = 1.48, respectively); on weekdays and weekends, more time TV viewing (OR = 1.76-1.79, OR = 1.46-1.71, respectively) and less cell phone/tablet use (OR = 0.66, OR = 0.65, respectively) were associated with higher numbers of PLEs. CONCLUSIONS The relationships between different types of screen time and mental health problems are variant. Future longitudinal studies should subdivide screen time on the basis of content and explore the specific causal relationship between screen time and mental health problems.
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Dubey P, Thakur B, Rodriguez S, Cox J, Sanchez S, Fonseca A, Reddy S, Clegg D, Dwivedi AK. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and neuropsychiatric disorders in children. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:569. [PMID: 34750348 PMCID: PMC8575994 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence demonstrating an association between maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, however, the cumulative effect of maternal PCOS on the development of ASD or other neuropsychiatry disorders (NPD) in children and separately for males and females has not been examined. We sought to systematically evaluate the influence of maternal PCOS on a wide range of NPD including ASD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic tic disorder (CDT), other behavior disorders, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia in children as well as in women of reproductive age only. We queried electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, until March 2021. We used DerSimonian and Laird (D-L) random effects method to compute pooled effect size in terms of odds ratio (OR). Nineteen studies (1667851 mothers, 2260622 children) were included in this study. Mothers with PCOS had an increased odds of children diagnosed with ASD (OR = 1.40, p < 0.001), ADHD (OR = 1.42, p < 0.001), CTD (OR = 1.44, p = 0.001), anxiety (OR = 1.33, p < 0.001), as well as other behavioral symptoms (OR = 1.45, p < 0.001) in the adjusted analysis. The association between maternal PCOS and ASD (OR: 1.43 vs. 1.66), ADHD (OR: 1.39 vs. 1.54), and CTD (OR: 1.42 vs. 1.51) was found to be significantly consistent between males and females, respectively. Our data do not suggest increased fetal testosterone exposure is associated with increased autistic traits in children. However, PCOS was significantly associated with increased odds of a wide range of NPD in women themselves. Maternal PCOS is a risk factor for various NPD with a similar extent in their children regardless of their underlying comorbidities. Managing PCOS is essential for women's health as well as for their children's health. More research is needed to determine the mechanisms and links between maternal PCOS and NPD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Dubey
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX USA 79905
| | - Bhaskar Thakur
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX USA 79905
| | - Sheryl Rodriguez
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX USA 79905
| | - Jessika Cox
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX USA 79905
| | - Sheralyn Sanchez
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX USA 79905
| | - Anacani Fonseca
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pediatrics, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX USA 79905
| | - Sireesha Reddy
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX USA 79905
| | - Deborah Clegg
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Office of Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX USA 79905 ,grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Internal Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX USA 79905
| | - Alok Kumar Dwivedi
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA, 79905. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA, 79905. .,Office of Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA, 79905.
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11
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de Sena Oliveira AC, Athanasio BDS, Mrad FCDC, Vasconcelos MMDA, Albuquerque MR, Miranda DM, Simões E Silva AC. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and nocturnal enuresis co-occurrence in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:3547-3559. [PMID: 34009466 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit and hyperactivity/impulsivity disorder (ADHD) and enuresis are common behavioral disorders in childhood, impacting adolescence and adult life. Enuresis (NE) is an incontinence disorder frequently observed in children with ADHD. The relationship between ADHD and NE has been a matter of debate. OBJECTIVES We aimed to verify the relationship between ADHD and enuresis and how these conditions can modify each other during development. Using PRISMA guidelines, under the PROSPERO registration number CRD42020208299, we systematically searched the literature and conducted a meta-analysis to answer the following question: how frequent is ADHD and enuresis comorbidity? Twenty-five studies were fully read, and data from seven less heterogeneous case-control studies were pooled to estimate enuresis prevalence comparing ADHD and control samples, whereas six studies were combined to evaluate ADHD frequencies in children with and without enuresis. RESULTS We found the ADHD rates in children with enuresis are similar to the enuresis rates in the group of children with ADHD. The presence of ADHD and enuresis comorbidity does not seem to play a role in gender distribution and the presence of other comorbidities in comparison to controls. However, enuresis seems to persist for more time in children with ADHD. LIMITATIONS The selected papers differed in study type, research question, samples, and controls utilized. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review with meta-analysis supports the reciprocal association between enuresis and ADHD. Further studies are necessary to build more robust evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cecília de Sena Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno da Silva Athanasio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Cristina de Carvalho Mrad
- Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, 2nd floor, room #281, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130, Brazil
| | - Monica Maria de Almeida Vasconcelos
- Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, 2nd floor, room #281, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130, Brazil
| | - Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque
- Neurosciences of Physical Activity and Sports Research Group, Department of Sports, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora Marques Miranda
- Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, 2nd floor, room #281, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, 2nd floor, room #281, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130, Brazil.
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12
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El Ayoubi H, Barrault S, Gateau A, Cortese S, Frammery J, Mollat E, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Grall-Bronnec M, Ballon N, Brunault P. Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among alcohol use disorder inpatients is associated with food addiction and binge eating, but not BMI. Appetite 2021; 168:105665. [PMID: 34455024 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with binge eating (BE), food addiction (FA), and obesity/higher BMI in individuals without alcohol use disorder (AUD). ADHD is highly prevalent in patients with AUD, but it is unknown whether the presence of comorbid AUD might change the nature of the association between ADHD, BE, FA and BMI (food and alcohol may either compete for the same brain neurocircuitry or share vulnerability risk factors). Here, we filled this gap by testing the association between ADHD and FA/BE in adult patients hospitalized for AUD, with the strength of simultaneously assessing childhood and adult ADHD. We also investigated the association between ADHD and BMI, and the other factors associated with BMI (FA/BE, AUD severity). METHODS We included 149 AUD inpatients between November 2018 and April 2019. We assessed both childhood and adulthood ADHD (Wender Utah Render Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale), FA (modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0), BE (Binge Eating Scale), and BMI and AUD (clinical assessment). RESULTS In multivariable analyses adjusted for age, adult ADHD was associated with higher BE scores (p = .048), but not significant BE (9% vs. 7%; p = .70). ADHD was also associated with FA diagnosis and the number or FA symptoms, with larger effect size for adult (ORs: 9.45[95%CI: 2.82-31.74] and 1.38[1.13-1.69], respectively) than childhood ADHD (ORs: 4.45[1.37-14.46] and 1.40[1.13-1.75], respectively). In multivariable analysis, BMI was associated with both significant BE (p < .001) and FA diagnosis (p = .014), but not adult ADHD nor AUD severity. CONCLUSION In patients hospitalized for AUD, self-reported adult ADHD was associated with FA and BE, but not BMI. Our results set the groundwork for longitudinal research on the link between ADHD, FA, BE, and BMI in AUD inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein El Ayoubi
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France; Centre Hospitalier Louis Sevestre, La Futaie, La Membrolle sur Choisille, France; CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Centre de Soins d'Accompagnement et de Prévention en Addictologie d'Indre-et-Loire (CSAPA-37), Tours, France.
| | - Servane Barrault
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Centre de Soins d'Accompagnement et de Prévention en Addictologie d'Indre-et-Loire (CSAPA-37), Tours, France; Université de Tours, Qualipsy EE 1901, Tours, France.
| | - Adrien Gateau
- CHRU de Tours, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, Tours, France.
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, Academic Unit of Psychology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Julie Frammery
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France; Centre Hospitalier Louis Sevestre, La Futaie, La Membrolle sur Choisille, France.
| | - Elodie Mollat
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Pharmacie Philippe Maupas, Tours, France.
| | - Fréderique Bonnet-Brilhault
- CHRU de Tours, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1246, France; CHU Nantes, Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes, France.
| | - Nicolas Ballon
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
| | - Paul Brunault
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France; Université de Tours, Qualipsy EE 1901, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
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13
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Turan S, Tunctürk M, Çıray RO, Halaç E, Ermiş Ç. ADHD and Risk of Childhood Adiposity: a Review of Recent Research. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:30-46. [PMID: 33400254 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered as a risk factor for childhood adiposity and obesity. Studies on ADHD have provided limited data concerning the connections between eating habits, body mass index, and obesity. The purpose of this review was to examine the current literature regarding recent cohort and cross-sectional studies to determine the links between ADHD and childhood adiposity. RECENT FINDINGS Studies in this review were classified into dietary features, nutritional status, neuroimaging findings, genetic overlapping, behavioral, cognitive, and neurocognitive aspects that play a role in mediating and moderating the relationship between ADHD and obesity. While ADHD, childhood adiposity, and overweight/obesity co-occur in children and adolescents, this relationship is largely explained by a variety of multidirectional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Turan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tekirdağ State Hospital, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Tunctürk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Mazhar Osman Psychiatric Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Remzi Oğulcan Çıray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eren Halaç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Ermiş
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
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14
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Muntaner-Mas A, Ortega FB, Femia P, Kiive E, Eensoo D, Mäestu J, Franke B, Reif A, Faraone SV, Harro J. Low cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity for ADHD in childhood and adolescence: A 6-year cohort study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:903-913. [PMID: 33341993 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent disorder in childhood and identifying risk factors associated with developing ADHD during childhood and adolescence is relevant from a clinical and epidemiological point of view. This work examines (a) whether overweight/obesity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with increased ADHD symptoms in childhood (cross-sectional analysis), and (b) whether overweight/obesity and low CRF levels during childhood predict increased ADHD symptoms in adolescence (longitudinal analysis). Data were examined from a longitudinal study of Estonian inhabitants who took part in the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) in 1998 and 1999 (baseline age 9 years), who were re-evaluated 6 years later as part of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (ECPBHS). CRF was determined via an incremental maximal cycle-ergometer test, overweight/obesity was based on body mass index (BMI), and the 7-point af Klinteberg Hyperactivity Scale was used to assess ADHD symptoms at both time points. In the cross-sectional analysis, children with overweight/obesity were at greater risk of ADHD symptoms compared to underweight/normal weight children, as were those unfit compared to fit children (OR = 1.92 and 95%CI = 1.02-3.55, and OR = 1.84 and 95%CI = 1.13-2.98, respectively). The cross-sectional association between BMI and ADHD symptoms was mediated by CRF (z = 2.116, 42.9%; P = .034). The longitudinal analysis showed being unfit in childhood was associated with a greater risk of increased ADHD symptoms 6 years later in adolescence (OR = 2.26 and 95%CI = 1.14-4.47), even after adjusting for baseline ADHD symptoms and BMI. Our result suggests that being unfit is an additional risk factor for increased ADHD symptoms during childhood and adolescence. The association between BMI and ADHD symptoms was mediated by CRF in the cross-sectional analysis, and no association was seen between overweight/obesity and increased ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Muntaner-Mas
- GICAFE "Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group", University of the Balearic Islands, Mallorca, Spain.,PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro Femia
- Department of Statistics, Biostatistics - Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Evelyn Kiive
- Division of Special Education, Department of Education, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Diva Eensoo
- National Institute for Health Development in Tallinn, Tervise Arengu Instituut, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jarek Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, Psychiatry Research Division, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Chair of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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15
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Li L, Taylor MJ, Bälter K, Kuja‐Halkola R, Chen Q, Hegvik T, Tate AE, Chang Z, Arias‐Vásquez A, Hartman CA, Larsson H. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and dietary habits in adulthood: A large population-based twin study in Sweden. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:475-485. [PMID: 33029947 PMCID: PMC7702140 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Associations between adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and dietary habits have not been well established and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We explored these associations using a Swedish population-based twin study with 17,999 individuals aged 20-47 years. We estimated correlations between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity with dietary habits and fitted twin models to determine the genetic and environmental contributions. Dietary habits were defined as (a) consumption of food groups, (b) consumption of food items rich in particular macronutrients, and (c) healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. At the phenotypic level, inattention was positively correlated with seafood, high-fat, high-sugar, high-protein food consumptions, and unhealthy dietary pattern, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.03 (95%CI: 0.01, 0.05) to 0.13 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.15). Inattention was negatively correlated with fruits, vegetables consumptions and healthy dietary pattern, with correlation coefficients ranging from -0.06 (95%CI: -0.08, -0.04) to -0.07 (95%CI: -0.09, -0.05). Hyperactivity/impulsivity and dietary habits showed similar but weaker patterns compared to inattention. All associations remained stable across age, sex and socioeconomic status. Nonshared environmental effects contributed substantially to the correlations of inattention (56-60%) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (63-80%) with dietary habits. The highest and lowest genetic correlations were between inattention and high-sugar food (rA = .16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.25), and between hyperactivity/impulsivity and unhealthy dietary pattern (rA = .05, 95% CI: -0.05, 0.14), respectively. We found phenotypic and etiological overlap between ADHD and dietary habits, although these associations were weak. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of common etiological pathways between ADHD symptoms and various dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Mark J. Taylor
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Katarina Bälter
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Public Health SciencesMälardalen UniversityVästeråsSweden
| | - Ralf Kuja‐Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Tor‐Arne Hegvik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Ashley E. Tate
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Zheng Chang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Alejandro Arias‐Vásquez
- The Department of Psychiatry & Human GeneticsDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden,Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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16
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Caldani S, Delorme R, Moscoso A, Septier M, Acquaviva E, Bucci MP. Improvement of Pursuit Eye Movement Alterations after Short Visuo-Attentional Training in ADHD. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110816. [PMID: 33158057 PMCID: PMC7694101 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder without validated and objective diagnostic procedures. Several neurological dysfunctions in the frontal circuit, in the thalamus, and in the cerebellum have been observed in subjects with ADHD. These cortical and subcortical areas are responsible for eye movement control. Therefore, studying eye movements could be a useful tool to better understand neuronal alterations in subjects with ADHD. The aim of the present study was firstly to compare the quality of pursuit eye movements in a group of 40 children with ADHD (age 8.2 ± 1.2) and in a group of 40 sex-, IQ-, age-matched typically developing (TD) children; secondly, we aimed to examine if a short visuo-attentional training could affect pursuit performances in children with ADHD. Findings showed that children with ADHD presented a greater number of catch-up saccade and lower pursuit gain compared to TD children. Differently to TD children, in children with ADHD, the number of catch-up saccades and the pursuit gain were not significantly correlated with children's age. Furthermore, a short visuo-attentional training period can only slightly improve pursuit performance in children with ADHD, leading to a decrease of the occurrence of catch-up saccades only, albeit the effect size was small. The absence of any improvement in pursuit performance with age could be explained by the fact that the prefrontal and fronto-cerebellar circuits responsible for pursuit triggering are still immature. Pursuit eye movements can be used as a useful tool for ADHD diagnosis. However, attentional mechanisms controlled by these cortical structures could be improved by a short visuo-attentional training period. Further studies will be necessary to explore the effects of a longer visuo-attentional training period on oculomotor tasks in order to clarify how adaptive mechanisms are able to increase the attentional capabilities in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caldani
- MoDyCo, UMR 7114 CNRS Université Paris Nanterre, 92001 Nanterre, France;
- Pediatric Balance Evaluation Center (EFEE), ENT Department, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France; (R.D.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
- Paris 7, Paris Diderot University, 75013 Paris, France
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ana Moscoso
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France; (R.D.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Mathilde Septier
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France; (R.D.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Eric Acquaviva
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France; (R.D.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Maria Pia Bucci
- MoDyCo, UMR 7114 CNRS Université Paris Nanterre, 92001 Nanterre, France;
- Pediatric Balance Evaluation Center (EFEE), ENT Department, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
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17
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Björk A, Rönngren Y, Wall E, Vinberg S, Hellzen O, Olofsson N. A nurse-led lifestyle intervention for adult persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Sweden. Nord J Psychiatry 2020; 74:602-612. [PMID: 32493144 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1771768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with lifestyle-related diseases. Therefore, a nurse-led lifestyle intervention including interpersonal relationships, health education and cognitive support was developed to facilitate healthier lifestyle habits.Aim: The aim was to develop a lifestyle intervention and investigate its impact on mental and physical healthMethod: The 52-week intervention included 35 adults with ADHD. In a pre- and post-test design, symptoms of ADHD were measured with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, quality of life was measured with the Adult ADHD Quality of Life scale and mental health was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Lifestyle habits and dimensions of health were measured by the Lifestyle-Performance-Health Questionnaire and physical fitness was measured by the VO2 Max Test and calculations of waist circumference and body mass index. Result: Post-tests for a group of 25 persons showed positive changes following the intervention regarding weekly physical activity, quality of life and general and mental health. Lifestyle habit support was found to be important. The impact of the intervention should be confirmed in a long-term study with a control group.Conclusion: This intervention may be beneficial and may be implemented in a primary healthcare setting or in other open care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Björk
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall/Östersund, Sweden
| | - Ylva Rönngren
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall/Östersund, Sweden
| | - Erika Wall
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall/Östersund, Sweden
| | - Stig Vinberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall/Östersund, Sweden
| | - Ove Hellzen
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall/Östersund, Sweden
| | - Niclas Olofsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall/Östersund, Sweden
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18
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Horsager C, Færk E, Lauritsen MB, Østergaard SD. Validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and estimation of the population prevalence of food addiction. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:2917-2928. [PMID: 31983504 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Food addiction (FA) is likely to contribute to the global obesity epidemic. Most studies of FA have been conducted within clinical and/or highly selected populations, suggesting that prevalence estimates of FA may be biased. This is problematic as valid estimates of the population prevalence of FA is a requirement for informing and designing public health initiatives focusing on this phenotype. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the weighted prevalence of food addiction in the adult general population of Denmark. METHODS A random sample of 5000 individuals aged 18 to 62 from the Danish population was invited to participate in a survey, which included the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0) and several rating scales measuring eating pathology and other psychopathology. Health, demographic and socioeconomic data from the Danish registers were linked to all invitees to allow for attrition analysis. The analysis had three steps: I) Psychometric validation of the Danish version of YFAS 2.0 II) Attrition analysis to examine selection bias, and III) Estimation of the weighted prevalence of FA taking attrition into account. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis of the YFAS 2.0 supported a one-factor model, and the scale had good internal consistency. The YFAS 2.0 score correlated with eating pathology including binge eating frequency, impulsivity and body mass index (BMI). The survey response rate was 34.0% (n = 1699) with a slight overrepresentation of respondents with higher socioeconomic status. The crude prevalence of FA was 9.0%. When taking attrition into account, the weighted prevalence of FA was 9.4% CI 95% [7.9-10.9]. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of the Danish version of the YFAS 2.0 were good. The weighted prevalence of FA was very similar to the crude prevalence estimate. This suggests that attrition may not be a large problem when estimating the prevalence of FA with the YFAS 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Horsager
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Emil Færk
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marlene Briciet Lauritsen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Dinesen Østergaard
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Bakker-Huvenaars MJ, Greven CU, Herpers P, Wiegers E, Jansen A, van der Steen R, van Herwaarden AE, Baanders AN, Nijhof KS, Scheepers F, Rommelse N, Glennon JC, Buitelaar JK. Saliva oxytocin, cortisol, and testosterone levels in adolescent boys with autism spectrum disorder, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder and typically developing individuals. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 30:87-101. [PMID: 30201120 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to compare levels of oxytocin, cortisol, and testosterone in adolescents with either autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)/conduct disorder (CD), and in typically developing individuals (TDI), and relate hormone levels to severity and subtype of aggression and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Saliva concentrations of oxytocin, cortisol, and testosterone were assessed in 114 male participants (N = 49 ASD, N = 37 ODD/CD, N = 28 TDI,) aged 12-19 years (M = 15.4 years, SD = 1.9). The ASD and the ODD/CD groups had significantly lower levels of oxytocin than the TDI group, and the ODD/CD group had significantly higher levels of testosterone than the ASD group. There were no group effects on cortisol levels. Group differences remained for oxytocin after correcting for the influence of CU traits, but were not significant after controlling for aggression. Results for testosterone became non-significant after correction for either CU traits or aggression. Across groups, higher levels of CU traits were related to higher levels of cortisol and testosterone, however, proactive and reactive aggression were unrelated to all three hormonal levels. The current findings show that, regardless of cognitive ability or comorbid disorders, the diagnostic groups (ASD, ODD/CD) differ from each other by their hormonal levels, with the ASD group characterized by relative low level of oxytocin, and the ODD/CD group by a relative low level of oxytocin and high level of testosterone. These group effects were partly driven by differences in CU traits between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bakker-Huvenaars
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C U Greven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; King's College London, Medical Research Council Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, UK
| | - P Herpers
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Wiegers
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Jansen
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R van der Steen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A E van Herwaarden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A N Baanders
- Stichting Otto Gerhard Heldring, Zetten, The Netherlands
| | - K S Nijhof
- Pluryn, Hoenderloo, The Netherlands; Department of Developmental Psychopathology, Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F Scheepers
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Rommelse
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J C Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Pinho R, Wang B, Becker A, Rothenberger A, Outeiro TF, Herrmann-Lingen C, Meyer T. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with reduced levels of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adolescents. Data from the population-based German KiGGS study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:496-504. [PMID: 29243550 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1417636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifactorial, complex and the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. In this analysis, we tested the hypothesis that altered serum lipid patterns are associated with ADHD. Methods: Using data from the nationwide, population-based German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), we compared serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and also triglycerides, in participants with physician-diagnosed and/or suspected ADHD, as defined by a value of ≥7 on the hyperactivity-inattention subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), with non-ADHD controls. Results: Among 6,898 participants aged between 11 and 17 years, 666 (9.7%) had a physician-based diagnosis of ADHD and/or suspected ADHD. We found correlations between the parent-rated SDQ scores on the hyperactivity-inattention subscale and concentrations of triglycerides (r = 0.064, p < .001), total cholesterol (r = -0.026, p = .033), HDL cholesterol (r = -0.059, p < .001) and LDL cholesterol (r = -0.027, p = .031). In multivariate models, low serum levels of LDL cholesterol remained a significant predictor of ADHD (Exp(β) = 0.382, 95% confidence interval = 0.165-0.888, p = .025). Conclusions: Our findings in a large, nationwide and representative sample of German adolescents demonstrated a small, but significant and inverse link between LDL cholesterol levels and symptoms of ADHD. Further studies are required to decipher the biochemical mechanisms behind this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pinho
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Centre Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Biyao Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Centre Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Christoph Herrmann-Lingen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, University of Göttingen, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, University of Göttingen, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Göttingen , Germany
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Slobodin O, Crunelle CL. Mini Review: Socio-Cultural Influences on the Link Between ADHD and SUD. Front Public Health 2019; 7:173. [PMID: 31294015 PMCID: PMC6606733 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for the development and persistence of substance use disorders (SUD). The prevalence of ADHD in patients with SUD varies across countries and cultures. So far, cross-cultural variance in ADHD prevalence rates among SUD patients was mainly ascribed to methodological differences between studies, leaving the role of societal and cultural practices in the ADHD-SUD link hardly acknowledged. The aim of the present mini review is to address this gap in the literature by providing evidence for the effect of socio-cultural practices on the ADHD-SUD link and suggesting directions for future research. To achieve this goal, we map the influence of socio-cultural factors on the ADHD-SUD link along three lines of research. The first line is concerned with the role of socio-cultural factors in the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of childhood ADHD. The second line of research is concerned with socio-cultural influences on substance use (e.g., religion, ethnic identity, acculturation, and socio-economic status). Finally, we describe potential socio-cultural factors which may operate as mechanisms for reducing or increasing access to substance abuse treatment (e.g., ethnic disparities in health care utilization). Identifying socio-cultural influences on the ADHD-SUD link may provide further insight into the bidirectional association between ADHD and SUD in different contexts and encourage future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Slobodin
- Department of Education, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Cleo L. Crunelle
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Toxicological Center, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
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22
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Amini H, Shenkin JD, Chi DL. Dental Public Health Issues in Pediatric Dentistry. Pediatr Dent 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-60826-8.00011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Rodrigues DM, Manfro GG, Levitan RD, Steiner M, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Moderating effect of PLIN4 genetic variant on impulsivity traits in 5-year-old-children born small for gestational age. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 137:19-25. [PMID: 30293593 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Poor fetal growth is associated with long-term behavioral, metabolic and psychiatric alterations, including impulsivity, insulin resistance, and mood disorders. However, the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) seems to be protective for this population, improving inhibitory control and behavioral reactivity. We investigated whether the presence of the A allele of rs8887 SNP (PLIN4 gene), known to be associated with increased sensitivity to the consumption of n-3 PUFAs, interacts with fetal growth influencing inhibitory control. 152 five-year-old children were genotyped and performed the Stop Signal Task (SSRT). There was a significant interaction between birth weight and the presence of the A allele on SSRT performance, in which lower birth weight associated with poorer inhibitory control only in non-carriers. These results suggest that a higher responsiveness to n-3 PUFAS protects small for gestational age children from developing poor response inhibition, highlighting that optimizing n-3 PUFA intake may benefit this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danitsa Marcos Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert Daniel Levitan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University. Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Joseph Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Canada.
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24
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Romo L, Ladner J, Kotbagi G, Morvan Y, Saleh D, Tavolacci MP, Kern L. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and addictions (substance and behavioral): Prevalence and characteristics in a multicenter study in France. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:743-751. [PMID: 30010409 PMCID: PMC6426372 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to determine the possible links between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the presence of concomitant addictions with or without substance use in a French student population. MEASURES A battery of questionnaire measuring socioeconomic characteristics, university curriculum, ADHD (Wender Utah Rating Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale), substance consumptions (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis), and behavioral addictions [(eating disorders (SCOFF)], Internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test), food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale), compulsive buying (Echeburua's), and problem gambling (The Canadian Problem Gambling Index)] and measures of physical activity (Godin's Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire) was filled up by university students in Rouen and Nanterre in France. RESULTS A total of 1,517 students were included (472 from Paris Nanterre and 1,042 from Rouen). The mean age was 20.6 years (SD = 3.6) and the sex ratio male to female was 0.46. The prevalence of ADHD among the students (current ADHD with a history of ADHD in childhood) was 5.6%. A quarter (25.7%) of students had already repeated their university curriculum, compared to 42.2% among the students with ADHD. Students with possible ADHD had repeated classes more often and believed to have a lower academic level than the students without ADHD. Significant differences were found as students with ADHD were less likely to succeed in their studies (repeated classes more often) than non-ADHD students, and considered their academic level to be lower. They also had significantly higher scores on substance (alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco) as well as behavioral addictions (gambling, compulsive buying disorder, eating disorders, and Internet addiction). CONCLUSION It seems essential to determine students' problems and propose interventions adapted to students' needs, in order to reduce the negative impact on their future academic and global successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Romo
- Department of Psychology, University Paris Nanterre EA 4430 CLIPSYD, Nanterre, France,GHT Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, CMME, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France,Corresponding author: Lucia Romo; Université Paris Nanterre UFR SPSE, EA 4430 CLIPSYD, 200 avenue de la république 92001 Nanterre Cedex, Unité Inserm U894 CH Sainte Anne, Paris, France; GHT Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, CMME, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France; Phone: +33 6 87 51 12 71; Fax: +33 01 40 97 71 58; E-mail:
| | - Joel Ladner
- Epidemiology and Health Promotion Hospital, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France,INSERM UMR 1073, Normandy University Hospital, Rouen, France,INSERM UMR 1073, School of Medicine, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Gayatri Kotbagi
- Department of Psychology, University Paris Nanterre EA 4430 CLIPSYD, Nanterre, France,Department of Sports Sciences, Grenoble Alpes University, EA 3742 SENS, France
| | - Yannick Morvan
- Department of Psychology, University Paris Nanterre EA 4430 CLIPSYD, Nanterre, France,INSERM UMR 894, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Dalia Saleh
- Department of Psychology, University Paris Nanterre EA 4430 CLIPSYD, Nanterre, France,Counseling Psychology, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
| | - Marie Pierre Tavolacci
- INSERM UMR 1073, Normandy University Hospital, Rouen, France,Clinical Investigation Center 1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Laurence Kern
- Department of Psychology, University Paris Nanterre EA 4430 CLIPSYD, Nanterre, France,University Paris Nanterre EA 2931, CeSRM, Nanterre, France
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De Crescenzo F, Ziganshina LE, Yudina EV, Kaplan YC, Ciabattini M, Wei Y, Hoyle CHV. Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Hippokratia 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco De Crescenzo
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology; L.go A. Gemelli 8 Rome Italy 00168
| | - Liliya Eugenevna Ziganshina
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University; Research & Education Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Cochrane Russia; 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 14-15 Malaya Krasnaya Street, 420015 Kazan Tatarstan Russian Federation
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University; Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology; Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina V Yudina
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University; Research & Education Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Cochrane Russia; 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 14-15 Malaya Krasnaya Street, 420015 Kazan Tatarstan Russian Federation
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University; Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology; Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Yusuf Cem Kaplan
- Izmir Katip Celebi University School of Medicine; Department of Pharmacology; Izmir Turkey 35360
| | | | - Yinghui Wei
- University of Plymouth; Centre for Mathematical Sciences, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics; Plymouth UK
| | - Charles HV Hoyle
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University; Research & Education Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Cochrane Russia; 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 14-15 Malaya Krasnaya Street, 420015 Kazan Tatarstan Russian Federation
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Hyperactivity and memory/learning deficits evoked by developmental exposure to nicotine and/or ethanol are mitigated by cAMP and cGMP signaling cascades activation. Neurotoxicology 2018; 66:150-159. [PMID: 29653137 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant smoking women are frequently episodic drinkers. Here, we investigated whether ethanol exposure restricted to the brain growth spurt period when combined with chronic developmental exposure to nicotine aggravates memory/learning deficits and hyperactivity, and associated cAMP and cGMP signaling disruption. To further investigate the role of these signaling cascades, we verified whether vinpocetine (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) ameliorates the neurochemical and behavioral outcomes. Swiss mice had free access to nicotine (NIC, 50 μg/ml) or water to drink during gestation and until the 8th postnatal day (PN8). Ethanol (ETOH, 5 g/kg, i.p.) or saline were injected in the pups every other day from PN2 to PN8. At PN30, animals either received vinpocetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle before being tested in the step-down passive avoidance or open field. Memory/learning was impaired in NIC, ETOH and NIC + ETOH mice, and vinpocetine mitigated ETOH- and NIC + ETOH-induced deficits. Locomotor hyperactivity identified in ETOH and NIC + ETOH mice was ameliorated by vinpocetine. While cyclic nucleotides levels in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were reduced by NIC, ETOH and NIC + ETOH, this outcome was more consistent in the latter group. As observed for behavior, vinpocetine normalized NIC + ETOH nucleotides levels. pCREB levels were also increased in response to vinpocetine, with stronger effects in the NIC + ETOH group. Exposure to both drugs of abuse worsens behavioral and neurochemical disruption. These findings and the amelioration of deleterious effects by vinpocetine support the idea that cAMP and cGMP signaling contribute to nicotine- and ethanol-induced hyperactivity and memory/learning deficits.
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27
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Huang Y, Xu H, Au W, Xu C, Wu K. Involvement of family environmental, behavioral, and social functional factors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2018; 11:447-457. [PMID: 30349411 PMCID: PMC6183693 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s178080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate relationships among family environmental characteristics, behavior problems, and social function impairments in children with ADHD. METHODS Among children from four primary schools in Shantou city of China, 132 who were diagnosed with ADHD were selected and 138 typically developing children were recruited from the same schools. These children were evaluated using the self-designed questionnaire, FES-CV, CPRS, CTRS, and WFIRS-P for familial environment, behavioral problems, and social function impairment measures. In addition, children's behavioral problems and functional impairments were evaluated using self-established field behavior observation method. Logistic regression model was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for ADHD risk with family environmental factors. RESULTS In the unconditional logistic model, ADHD risk in children was increased with parents' worse educational level, occupational status, and emotional stability with trend. Children with ADHD had lower scores on most subscales of FES-CV (P<0.01) but higher scores on Conflict subscale (P<0.001). Children with ADHD showed impairments on all the six WFIRS-P subscales tests (all P<0.001), and higher scores on the CPRS and CTRS scale subscales representing behavioral symptoms (all P<0.001 except Somatic Complaints), and more behavioral problems and functional impairments. CONCLUSION Compared with typically developing children, children with ADHD had worse family environment. Family characteristics especially parents' emotional unstability, lower education levels, and worse occupation status may increase ADHD risk in children. In addition, the behavioral problems and social functional impairments may interact with adverse family environmental factors in children with ADHD. Therefore, early interventions with focus onto the compromising factors can be useful for improving the social-behavioral functions of children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Haiyun Xu
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China,
| | - William Au
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China,
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Chongtao Xu
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China,
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