1
|
Mucignat-Caretta C, Soravia G. Positive or negative environmental modulations on human brain development: the morpho-functional outcomes of music training or stress. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1266766. [PMID: 38027483 PMCID: PMC10657192 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1266766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last couple of decades, the study of human living brain has benefitted of neuroimaging and non-invasive electrophysiological techniques, which are particularly valuable during development. A number of studies allowed to trace the usual stages leading from pregnancy to adult age, and relate them to functional and behavioral measurements. It was also possible to explore the effects of some interventions, behavioral or not, showing that the commonly followed pathway to adulthood may be steered by external interventions. These events may result in behavioral modifications but also in structural changes, in some cases limiting plasticity or extending/modifying critical periods. In this review, we outline the healthy human brain development in the absence of major issues or diseases. Then, the effects of negative (different stressors) and positive (music training) environmental stimuli on brain and behavioral development is depicted. Hence, it may be concluded that the typical development follows a course strictly dependent from environmental inputs, and that external intervention can be designed to positively counteract negative influences, particularly at young ages. We also focus on the social aspect of development, which starts in utero and continues after birth by building social relationships. This poses a great responsibility in handling children education and healthcare politics, pointing to social accountability for the responsible development of each child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Soravia
- Department of Mother and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Golse B. The polyfactorial model of autism and the question of causality. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1117807. [PMID: 37441148 PMCID: PMC10333481 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1117807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
After recalling the different pediatric, psychopathological and child psychiatric models of mental disorders in children and adolescents, the author presents in detail the so-called polyfactorial model, which includes primary, secondary, and mixed factors. This model is the epistemological heir of the Freudian concept of "complementary series." The example of autism is then explored as a paradigm of the usefulness of this polyfactorial model. Finally, we reflect on the notion of causality, from Aristotelian causality to epigenetic causality, which could 1 day re-legitimize psychoanalysis and the impact of the relationship on genome expression.
Collapse
|
3
|
Remec N, Zhou J, Shida-Tokeshi J, Pickering TA, Vanderbilt DL, Smith BA. Outcomes and Hand Use of Reaching Attempts: Comparison of Infants at Risk for Developmental Disability and Infants With Typical Development. Front Psychol 2022; 13:712252. [PMID: 35726268 PMCID: PMC9206530 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.712252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infants at risk for developmental disabilities often show signs of motor delay. Reaching is a skill that can help us identify atypical motor trajectories in early infancy. Researchers have studied performance after onset of reaching, but none have followed infants at risk from pre-reaching to skilled reaching. Aims We assessed differences in reaching outcomes and hand use as reaching skill emerged in infants at risk for developmental disabilities and with typical development. Methods and Procedures We followed infants at risk for developmental disabilities (n = 11) and infants with typical development (n = 21) longitudinally as they developed reaching skill. Infants reached for a toy at midline while sitting in the caregiver's lap. Video data were coded for reach outcome (miss, touch, partial grasp, and whole-hand grasp) and hand use (right, left, and bilateral). Outcomes and Results Infants at risk had a larger proportion of missed reaches across visits compared to infants with typical development. Infants at risk also showed less variability in hand use when grasping over the study period. Conclusion and Implications Our results provide information to support early differences in reaching performance to inform identification of typical and atypical developmental trajectories. Future studies should assess how the missed reaches are different and consider other quantitative measures of movement variability in infants at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nushka Remec
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Judy Zhou
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joanne Shida-Tokeshi
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Trevor A. Pickering
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Douglas L. Vanderbilt
- Section of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Beth A. Smith
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Beth A. Smith,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Souza VCA, Parlato-Oliveira E, Anchieta LM, Machado AMC, Savelon SV. The Effects of Prenatal Diagnosis on the Interaction of the Mother-Infant Dyad: A Longitudinal Study of Prenatal Care in the First Year of Life. Front Psychol 2022; 13:804724. [PMID: 35418908 PMCID: PMC8996076 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.804724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mother-child interactions during the first years of life have a significant impact on the emotional and cognitive development of the child. In this work, we study how a prenatal diagnosis of malformation may affect maternal representations and the quality of these early interactions. To this end, we conducted a longitudinal observational study of mother-child interactions from the gestational stage until the baby completed 12 months of age. Participants and Methods We recruited 250 pregnant women from a local university hospital. Among them, 50 mother-infant dyads participated in all stages of the study. The study group consisted of 25 pregnant women with fetuses with some structural alteration and the control group consisted of 25 pregnant women with fetuses without structural anomalies. We collected obstetric and socio demographic data and pregnancy outcomes. Anxiety and depressive state data were collected using the COVI and Raskin Scales. We video-recorded the mother-infant interactions during several stages, including when the child was a newborn and when the child was 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. The quality of the mother infant interactions were measured using the Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB). The interactive moments recorded on video was composed of three different activities, each one lasting appoximately 3 min, which included (1) Free Interaction, where the mother was instructed to interact "as usual" without any toy, (2) Toy Interaction, where the mother and baby played with a puppv, and (3) Song Interaction, where the mother and baby interacted while the mother sang the "Happy Birthday" song. Results In the gestational phase, there was a significant difference between the groups with respect to anxiety and depression scores, which were significantly higher for the study group. In the postnatal phase, we found significant differences between the groups with respect to CIB scales after the child completed 6 months of age: the study group presented significantly higher values of Maternal Sensitivity at 6 months of age, of Baby Involvement at 9 and 12 months of age, and of Dyadic Reciprocity at 6, 9, and 12 months of age, while the control group presented significantly higher values of Withdrawal of the Baby at 6 months of age, and of Dyadic Negative States at 6 and 9 months of age. Conclusion The support offered by the study favored the mother-infant bond and had a positive effect on the quality of interaction during the first year of life, despite the presence of prenatal diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Parlato-Oliveira
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centre de Recherche Psychanalyse, Médecine et Société (CRPMS), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- École Doctorale – UFR d’Études Psychanalytiques, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lêni Márcia Anchieta
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexei Manso Correa Machado
- Department of Anatomy and Image, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Informatics, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sylvie Viaux Savelon
- Neonatal and Obstetrical Department, University Hospital Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, CNRS, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Muratori F, Apicella F. Being Born Autistic and the Forming of the Interpersonal World. PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07351690.2022.2007019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Alvari G, Furlanello C, Venuti P. Is Smiling the Key? Machine Learning Analytics Detect Subtle Patterns in Micro-Expressions of Infants with ASD. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1776. [PMID: 33921756 PMCID: PMC8073678 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Time is a key factor to consider in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Detecting the condition as early as possible is crucial in terms of treatment success. Despite advances in the literature, it is still difficult to identify early markers able to effectively forecast the manifestation of symptoms. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides effective alternatives for behavior screening. To this end, we investigated facial expressions in 18 autistic and 15 typical infants during their first ecological interactions, between 6 and 12 months of age. We employed Openface, an AI-based software designed to systematically analyze facial micro-movements in images in order to extract the subtle dynamics of Social Smiles in unconstrained Home Videos. Reduced frequency and activation intensity of Social Smiles was computed for children with autism. Machine Learning models enabled us to map facial behavior consistently, exposing early differences hardly detectable by non-expert naked eye. This outcome contributes to enhancing the potential of AI as a supportive tool for the clinical framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Alvari
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy;
- Data Science for Health (DSH) Research Unit, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), 38123 Trento, Italy
| | | | - Paola Venuti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Silva N, Zhang D, Kulvicius T, Gail A, Barreiros C, Lindstaedt S, Kraft M, Bölte S, Poustka L, Nielsen-Saines K, Wörgötter F, Einspieler C, Marschik PB. The future of General Movement Assessment: The role of computer vision and machine learning - A scoping review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 110:103854. [PMID: 33571849 PMCID: PMC7910279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical and scientific value of Prechtl general movement assessment (GMA) has been increasingly recognised, which has extended beyond the detection of cerebral palsy throughout the years. With advancing computer science, a surging interest in developing automated GMA emerges. AIMS In this scoping review, we focused on video-based approaches, since it remains authentic to the non-intrusive principle of the classic GMA. Specifically, we aimed to provide an overview of recent video-based approaches targeting GMs; identify their techniques for movement detection and classification; examine if the technological solutions conform to the fundamental concepts of GMA; and discuss the challenges of developing automated GMA. METHODS AND PROCEDURES We performed a systematic search for computer vision-based studies on GMs. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS We identified 40 peer-reviewed articles, most (n = 30) were published between 2017 and 2020. A wide variety of sensing, tracking, detection, and classification tools for computer vision-based GMA were found. Only a small portion of these studies applied deep learning approaches. A comprehensive comparison between data acquisition and sensing setups across the reviewed studies, highlighting limitations and advantages of each modality in performing automated GMA is provided. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A "method-of-choice" for automated GMA does not exist. Besides creating large datasets, understanding the fundamental concepts and prerequisites of GMA is necessary for developing automated solutions. Future research shall look beyond the narrow field of detecting cerebral palsy and open up to the full potential of applying GMA to enable an even broader application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Silva
- iDN - Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Know-Center GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Dajie Zhang
- iDN - Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tomas Kulvicius
- Department for Computational Neuroscience, Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Gail
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany; German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carla Barreiros
- Know-Center GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Lindstaedt
- Know-Center GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Marc Kraft
- Department of Medical Engineering, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luise Poustka
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Florentin Wörgötter
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany; Department for Computational Neuroscience, Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Physics, Department for Computational Neuroscience at the Bernstein Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christa Einspieler
- iDN - Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter B Marschik
- iDN - Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany; Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Baccinelli W, Bulgheroni M, Simonetti V, Fulceri F, Caruso A, Gila L, Scattoni ML. Movidea: A Software Package for Automatic Video Analysis of Movements in Infants at Risk for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10040203. [PMID: 32244544 PMCID: PMC7226155 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detecting the presence of neurodevelopmental disorders plays an important role in the effectiveness of the treatment. In this paper, we present a novel tool to extract motion features using single camera video recordings of infants. The Movidea software was developed to allow the operator to track the movement of end-effectors of infants in free moving conditions and extract movement features automatically. Movidea was used by different operators to analyze a set of video recordings and its performance was evaluated. The results showed that Movidea performance did not vary with the operator, and the tracking was also stable in home-video recordings. Even if the setup allowed for a two-dimensional analysis, most of the informative content of the movement was maintained. The reliability of the measures and features extracted, as well as the easiness of use, may boost the uptake of the proposed solution in clinical settings. Movidea overcomes the current limitation in the clinical practice in early detection of neurodevelopmental disorders by providing objective measures based on reliable data, and adds a new tool for the motor analysis of infants through unobtrusive technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Baccinelli
- R&D, Department, Ab.Acus srl, via F. Caracciolo 77, 20155 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Bulgheroni
- R&D, Department, Ab.Acus srl, via F. Caracciolo 77, 20155 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Simonetti
- R&D, Department, Ab.Acus srl, via F. Caracciolo 77, 20155 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Francesca Fulceri
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (F.F.); (A.C.); (L.G.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Angela Caruso
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (F.F.); (A.C.); (L.G.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Letizia Gila
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (F.F.); (A.C.); (L.G.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Maria Luisa Scattoni
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (F.F.); (A.C.); (L.G.); (M.L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Behavior and interaction imaging at 9 months of age predict autism/intellectual disability in high-risk infants with West syndrome. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:54. [PMID: 32066713 PMCID: PMC7026100 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated behavior analysis are promising tools to overcome current assessment limitations in psychiatry. At 9 months of age, we recorded 32 infants with West syndrome (WS) and 19 typically developing (TD) controls during a standardized mother-infant interaction. We computed infant hand movements (HM), speech turn taking of both partners (vocalization, pause, silences, overlap) and motherese. Then, we assessed whether multimodal social signals and interactional synchrony at 9 months could predict outcomes (autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID)) of infants with WS at 4 years. At follow-up, 10 infants developed ASD/ID (WS+). The best machine learning reached 76.47% accuracy classifying WS vs. TD and 81.25% accuracy classifying WS+ vs. WS-. The 10 best features to distinguish WS+ and WS- included a combination of infant vocalizations and HM features combined with synchrony vocalization features. These data indicate that behavioral and interaction imaging was able to predict ASD/ID in high-risk children with WS.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chinn LK, Noonan CF, Hoffmann M, Lockman JJ. Development of Infant Reaching Strategies to Tactile Targets on the Face. Front Psychol 2019; 10:9. [PMID: 30719012 PMCID: PMC6348757 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant development of reaching to tactile targets on the skin has been studied little, despite its daily use during adaptive behaviors such as removing foreign stimuli or scratching an itch. We longitudinally examined the development of infant reaching strategies (from just under 2 to 11 months) approximately every other week with a vibrotactile stimulus applied to eight different locations on the face (left/right/center temple, left/right ear, left/right mouth corners, and chin). Successful reaching for the stimulus uses tactile input and proprioception to localize the target and move the hand to it. We studied the developmental progression of reaching and grasping strategies. As infants became older the likelihood of using the hand to reach to the target – versus touching the target with another body part or surface such as the upper arm or chair – increased. For trials where infants reached to the target with the hand, infants also refined their hand postures with age. As infants became older, they made fewer contacts with a closed fist or the dorsal part of the hand and more touches/grasps with the fingers or palm. Results suggest that during the first year infants become able to act more precisely on tactile targets on the face.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Chinn
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Claire F Noonan
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Matej Hoffmann
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jeffrey J Lockman
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|