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Li Q, Lai X, Li T, Madsen KH, Xiao J, Hu K, Feng C, Fu D, Liu X. Brain responses to self- and other- unfairness under resource distribution context: Meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120707. [PMID: 38942102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Under resource distribution context, individuals have a strong aversion to unfair treatment not only toward themselves but also toward others. However, there is no clear consensus regarding the commonality and distinction between these two types of unfairness. Moreover, many neuroimaging studies have investigated how people evaluate and respond to unfairness in the abovementioned two contexts, but the consistency of the results remains to be investigated. To resolve these two issues, we sought to summarize existing findings regarding unfairness to self and others and to further elucidate the neural underpinnings related to distinguishing evaluation and response processes through meta-analyses of previous neuroimaging studies. Our results indicated that both types of unfairness consistently activate the affective and conflict-related anterior insula (AI) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/supplementary motor area (dACC/SMA), but the activations related to unfairness to self appeared stronger than those related to others, suggesting that individuals had negative reactions to both unfairness and a greater aversive response toward unfairness to self. During the evaluation process, unfairness to self activated the bilateral AI, dACC, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), regions associated with unfairness aversion, conflict, and cognitive control, indicating reactive, emotional and automatic responses. In contrast, unfairness to others activated areas associated with theory of mind, the inferior parietal lobule and temporoparietal junction (IPL-TPJ), suggesting that making rational judgments from the perspective of others was needed. During the response, unfairness to self activated the affective-related left AI and striatum, whereas unfairness to others activated cognitive control areas, the left DLPFC and the thalamus. This indicated that the former maintained the traits of automaticity and emotionality, whereas the latter necessitated cognitive control. These findings provide a fine-grained description of the common and distinct neurocognitive mechanisms underlying unfairness to self and unfairness to others. Overall, this study not only validates the inequity aversion model but also provides direct evidence of neural mechanisms for neurobiological models of fairness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinyu Lai
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kesong Hu
- Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Chunliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Di Fu
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey, England.
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Hernandez‐Pena L, Koch J, Bilek E, Schräder J, Meyer‐Lindenberg A, Waller R, Habel U, Sijben R, Wagels L. Neural correlates of static and dynamic social decision-making in real-time sibling interactions. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26788. [PMID: 39031478 PMCID: PMC11258888 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In traditional game theory tasks, social decision-making is centered on the prediction of the intentions (i.e., mentalizing) of strangers or manipulated responses. In contrast, real-life scenarios often involve familiar individuals in dynamic environments. Further research is needed to explore neural correlates of social decision-making with changes in the available information and environmental settings. This study collected fMRI hyperscanning data (N = 100, 46 same-sex pairs were analyzed) to investigate sibling pairs engaging in an iterated Chicken Game task within a competitive context, including two decision-making phases. In the static phase, participants chose between turning (cooperate) and continuing (defect) in a fixed time window. Participants could estimate the probability of different events based on their priors (previous outcomes and representation of other's intentions) and report their decision plan. The dynamic phase mirrored real-world interactions in which information is continuously changing (replicated within a virtual environment). Individuals had to simultaneously update their beliefs, monitor the actions of the other, and adjust their decisions. Our findings revealed substantial choice consistency between the two phases and evidence for shared neural correlates in mentalizing-related brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction (TPJ), and precuneus. Specific neural correlates were associated with each phase; increased activation of areas associated with action planning and outcome evaluation were found in the static compared with the dynamic phase. Using the opposite contrast, dynamic decision-making showed higher activation in regions related to predicting and monitoring other's actions, including the anterior cingulate cortex and insula. Cooperation (turning), compared with defection (continuing), showed increased activation in mentalizing-related regions only in the static phase, while defection, relative to cooperation, exhibited higher activation in areas associated with conflict monitoring and risk processing in the dynamic phase. Men were less cooperative and had greater TPJ activation. Sibling competitive relationship did not predict competitive behavior but showed a tendency to predict brain activity during dynamic decision-making. Only individual brain activation results are included here, and no interbrain analyses are reported. These neural correlates emphasize the significance of considering varying levels of information available and environmental settings when delving into the intricacies of mentalizing during social decision-making among familiar individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Hernandez‐Pena
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
| | - Julia Koch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
| | - Edda Bilek
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Julia Schräder
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
| | - Andreas Meyer‐Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Rebecca Waller
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and MedicineJARA‐Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Rik Sijben
- Brain Imaging Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF)RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Lisa Wagels
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
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Sun L, Lu X, Zheng H, Zeng L, Zheng W, Wang J. Does rDLPFC activity alter trust? Evidence from a tDCS study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1213580. [PMID: 37811320 PMCID: PMC10551172 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1213580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Trust plays an important role in the human economy and people's social lives. Trust is affected by various factors and is related to many brain regions, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, few studies have focused on the impact of the DLPFC on trust through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), although abundant psychology and neuroscience studies have theoretically discussed the possible link between DLPFC activity and trust. In the present study, we aimed to provide evidence of a causal relationship between the rDLPFC and trust behavior by conducting multiple rounds of the classical trust game and applying tDCS over the rDLPFC. We found that overall, anodal stimulation increased trust compared with cathodal stimulation and sham stimulation, while the results in different stages were not completely the same. Our work indicates a causal relationship between rDLPFC excitability and trust behavior and provides a new direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Sun
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making (CEBD), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinbo Lu
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making (CEBD), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
- School of Economics, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Haoli Zheng
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making (CEBD), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Zeng
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making (CEBD), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanjun Zheng
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making (CEBD), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making (CEBD), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
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Liao CH. Exploring the Influence of Public Perception of Mass Media Usage and Attitudes towards Mass Media News on Altruistic Behavior. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:621. [PMID: 37622761 PMCID: PMC10451722 DOI: 10.3390/bs13080621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the cultivation theory and the theory of planned behavior, this study determined how people's perceptions of mass media news and their attitudes towards it impact their altruistic behavior by examining the factors that influence perception. The study collected data from 435 individuals with access to mass media in Taiwan, which were analyzed using SEM. The results revealed that media exposure, credibility, and social influence were critical factors that influenced individuals' perceptions of mass media news, with media exposure having a more significant influence. Surprisingly, the findings demonstrated that perception was negatively related to attitudes, inconsistent with the proposed hypothesis. Thus, perceptions and attitudes were positively associated with altruistic behavior, and attitude was found to mediate the relationship between perceptions about mass media news and altruistic behavior. The study also provides important implications for theory and practice, especially in mass media entities, in developing and adopting practices that promote trust among the audience by encouraging altruistic behaviors through news coverage of various issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Horng Liao
- Department of Communication Studies, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Bachelor Program in Digital Media and Technology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Media Production and Education Center, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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Maximiano-Barreto MA, de Morais Fabrício D, de Lima Bomfim AJ, Luchesi BM, Chagas MHN. Psychological Concerns Associated with Empathy in Paid and Unpaid Caregivers of Older People: A Systematic Review. Clin Gerontol 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35726494 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identify associations between psychological concerns and empathy (affective and cognitive domains) in paid and unpaid caregivers of older people. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Searches were performed in the Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus and Embase databases using the search terms "Empathy," "Caregiver," "Depression," "Burnout," Anxiety", Caregiver Burden" and "Psychological Stresses" and the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR." No restrictions were imposed regarding language or year of publication. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021267276). RESULTS Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the present review. Most studies involved the participation of unpaid caregivers. Higher levels of empathy were associated with greater psychological concerns. Regarding affective empathy, direct associations were found with depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress. In contrast, high levels of cognitive empathy were associated with fewer depressive symptoms as well as less stress and burnout syndrome. CONCLUSIONS An association was found between greater affective empathy and psychological impairment in caregivers of older people. Higher levels of cognitive empathy can help minimize psychological concerns. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Working on empathic ability among caregivers of older people in different environments can contribute positively to the emotional impact of caregiving. Moreover, empathetic cognitive training among caregivers can serve as a strategy to minimize the negative consequences of the impact of caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiene de Morais Fabrício
- Research Group on Mental Health, Cognition and Aging, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Julia de Lima Bomfim
- Research Group on Mental Health, Cognition and Aging, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruna Moretti Luchesi
- Research Group on Mental Health, Cognition and Aging, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Campus de Três Lagoas, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Três Lagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcos Hortes Nisihara Chagas
- Research Group on Mental Health, Cognition and Aging, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Bairral Institute of Psychiatry, Itapira, Brazil
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Zeng S, Wu L, Guo Z. Does Air Pollution Affect Prosocial Behaviour? Front Psychol 2022; 13:752096. [PMID: 35418907 PMCID: PMC8996144 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.752096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has become a serious issue that affects billions of people worldwide. The relationship between air pollution and social behaviour has become one of the most widely discussed topics in the academic community. While the link between air pollution and risk-averse and unethical behaviours has been explored extensively, the relationship between air pollution and prosocial behaviour has been examined less thoroughly. Individual blood donation is a typical form of prosocial behaviour. We examined the effect of air pollution on prosocial behaviour using the Poisson regression quasi-maximum likelihood (PQML) based on the panel data related to air pollution and blood donations. We also employed a set of control variables and robustness checks. The findings indicate that air pollution does not affect whole blood donation, although it does affect component blood donation. We also find that the effect of air pollution on blood donation is heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, and other factors. These results show that the relationship between air pollution and prosocial behaviour is limited. Not all types of prosocial behaviour are affected by air pollution, perhaps because air pollution affects only specific psychological motivations and because different types of prosocial behaviour have different motivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zeng
- School of Sociology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Wu
- School of Sociology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zenghua Guo
- School of Marxism, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, China
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Pathways for engaging in prosocial behavior in adolescence. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 63:149-190. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Asadi E, Khodagholi F, Asadi S, Mohammadi Kamsorkh H, Kaveh N, Maleki A. Quality of early-life maternal care predicts empathy-like behavior in adult male rats: Linking empathy to BDNF gene expression in associated brain regions. Brain Res 2021; 1767:147568. [PMID: 34192516 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Empathy is the ability to experience a shared affective state as others. It enhances group living and manifests itself as helping behavior towards a distressed person. It also can flourish by nurturing. Recent findings suggest that rodents exhibit empathy-like behavior towards their conspecifics. However, the role of early-life experiences (e.g., maternal care) is not clear on the development of empathy-like behavior. Moreover, brain-derived neutrophilic factor (BDNF) is a pivotal protein in modulating the brain's function and behaviors. Evidence suggests that the expression of the BDNF gene can be affected by the quality of maternal care. In this study, we questioned whether variation in maternal care modulates empathy-like behavior of male rats in adulthood. Additionally, gene expression of BDNF was measured in the amygdala, hippocampus, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and striatum in these adult male rats. Based on the pattern of maternal care, the offspring were divided into high maternal care (HMC) and low maternal care (LMC) groups. We confirmed that the early-life experience of HMC significantly promoted the empathy-like behavior of rats in adulthood compared to LMC. In terms of gene expression, the HMC group consistently had higher BDNF gene expression in all studied regions, except anterior cingulate cortex which groups were not different. Taken together, it suggests that maternal care in infancy predicts empathy-like behavior in adulthood and differences in BDNF gene expression in different brain regions may reflect the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Asadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sareh Asadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Neda Kaveh
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Armstrong-Carter E, Miller JG, Hill LJB, Domingue BW. Young Children's Prosocial Behavior Protects Against Academic Risk in Neighborhoods With Low Socioeconomic Status. Child Dev 2021; 92:1509-1522. [PMID: 33594683 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Children raised in neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status (SES) are at risk for low academic achievement. Identifying factors that help children from disadvantaged neighborhoods thrive is critical for reducing inequalities. We investigated whether children's prosocial behavior buffers concurrent and subsequent academic risk in disadvantaged neighborhoods in Bradford, UK. Diverse children (N = 1,175) were followed until age seven, with measurements taken at four times. We used governmental indices of neighborhood-level SES, teacher observations of prosocial behaviors, and direct assessments of academic achievement. Neighborhood SES was positively associated with academic achievement among children with low levels of prosocial behavior, but not among children with high levels of prosocial behavior. Prosocial behavior may mitigate academic risk across early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liam J B Hill
- University of Leeds.,Born in Bradford, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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10
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Azevedo S, Kothur K, Gupta S, Webster R, Dale RC, Wade F, Gill D, Lah S. Deficits in all aspects of social competence identified in children who have undergone epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107388. [PMID: 32882631 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Research on social competence of children who undergo epilepsy surgery is limited. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of impairments in social competence (domains: social skills, social adjustment, and social performance) in a cohort of children who underwent surgery for intractable epilepsy at a single epilepsy surgical center. In addition, we explored the relationships between social competence with epilepsy variables, surgical variables, and seizure outcomes. Fifteen children (5 to 16 years) who underwent focal cortical resection for intractable epilepsy more than 2 years ago (2.58-7.42 years) participated. Parents completed standardized, age-normed questionnaires, assessing three domains of social competence. Demographic and clinical information were obtained from parents and medical records and verified by Pediatric Neurologists and Clinical Nurse Consultant. Individual and group analyses were conducted. Seventy-three percent (n = 11/15) of children were seizure-free. Individual analyses revealed high rates of impairments (scores >1 standard deviation of the mean); 11 out of 15 children (73.3%) obtained a score that fell in the impaired range on at least one domain of social competence, with 5 of these 15 children (30.0%) obtaining impaired scores across domains. Conversely, group analyses of questionnaires completed by parents revealed that compared with norms, children had significant difficulties in all domains of social competence: social skills, social adjustment, and social performance. No significant relationships were found between domains of social competence and epilepsy and surgical variables. In conclusion, children who underwent epilepsy surgery have significantly reduced social competence relative to the norms. Longitudinal studies examining social competence pre- and postsurgery are needed to determine whether surgery improves social competence and whether this is dependent on epilepsy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna Azevedo
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kavitha Kothur
- T.Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead and The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Sachin Gupta
- T.Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Richard Webster
- T.Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- T.Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead and The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona Wade
- T.Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Deepak Gill
- T.Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Suncica Lah
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Gao F, Yao Y, Yao C, Xiong Y, Ma H, Liu H. The Status of Pro-social Tendency of Left-Behind Adolescents in China: How Family Function and Self-Esteem Affect Pro-social Tendencies. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1202. [PMID: 31191399 PMCID: PMC6548201 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, adolescents are frequently left behind. To date, few studies have focused on the pro-social tendencies of left-behind adolescents and the relationship of family function, self-esteem, and pro-social tendency is yet to be examined. This study, therefore, aims to understand the status of pro-social tendency of left-behind adolescents and to explore the mediating and moderating roles of self-esteem in the relationship between family function and pro-social tendency. A large, school-based survey was conducted in three Chinese provinces. An analysis of covariance was first used to identify the differences in pro-social tendency between adolescents who were and were not left behind. We then analyzed the variance within left-behind adolescents using demographics, left-behind type, years of being left-behind, and caregiver related characteristics. A structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship of family function, self-esteem, and pro-social tendency, with bootstrapping used to explore the mediating role of self-esteem. Additionally, an ordinary least squares regression was used to examine the moderating effect of self-esteem. The results showed that the pro-social tendency of left-behind adolescents was lower than in non-left-behind adolescents (F = 15.11, p = 0.0001). Family function was positive related to pro-social tendency (r = 0.259), which had not only a direct effect on pro-social tendency (β = 0.254), but also an indirect effect through self-esteem (β = 0.071, bias-corrected 95% CI: 0.051:0.090; percentile 95% CI: 0.053:0.092). Additionally, 21.85% of the total effect of family function on pro-social tendency was mediated by self-esteem. Furthermore, self-esteem negatively moderated the relationship between family function and pro-social tendency (β = -0.208, p < 0.0001), such that the effect of family function on pro-social tendency became weaker as self-esteem increased. The current study verified the negative effect of being left behind on the social development of adolescents and contributed to the understanding of the importance of self-esteem in the relationship between family function and pro-social tendency. Interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem should be developed and implemented in left-behind adolescents to promote wellness in the entirety of psychological and social outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Gao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Yan Xiong
- Hospital of Xi-He Town, Chengdu, China
| | - Honglin Ma
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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A comparative fMRI meta-analysis of altruistic and strategic decisions to give. Neuroimage 2019; 184:227-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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