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Giordano F, Lipscomb S, Jefferies P, Kwon KA, Giammarchi M. Resilience processes among Ukrainian youth preparing to build resilience with peers during the Ukraine-Russia war. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1331886. [PMID: 38445056 PMCID: PMC10913279 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1331886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The war in Ukraine significantly impacts the mental health and well-being of its youth. Like other communities affected by war, Ukraine's youth are at risk of developing psychopathological symptoms, and there is a shortage of mental health and psychosocial support services to address this. Resilience-building initiatives present an alternative approach to supporting the well-being of young people by promoting protective processes to enhance the likelihood of positive development in the context of adversity. Emerging research findings suggest that young people themselves can serve as powerful facilitators of such initiatives with one another. Yet, evidence about culturally and contextually relevant protective processes is needed to guide such interventions, especially among young people experiencing the war and working to boost resilience within their communities. In this study, we identified key protective processes Ukrainian youth depend on as they adapt to the conflict while also preparing to implement a resilience-building intervention as a facilitator. Through thematic analysis of transcripts of three training sessions with Ukrainian youth (n = 15, 100% female; aged 18-22), we identified the following themes: positive thinking, sense of control, emotion awareness and regulation, close personal relationships, and community support. Findings also highlighted the cultural and contextual nuance of these protective processes, as well as individual differences in the ways they co-occurred and manifested within each youth. Results have implications for developing tailored yet flexible resilience-building interventions that can be delivered by lay people, including youth with their peers, in Ukraine and other cultures and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giordano
- Resilience Research Unit, C.R.I.d.e.e., Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Shannon Lipscomb
- Human Development and Family Sciences, College of Health, Oregon State University—Cascades, Bend, OR, United States
| | - Philip Jefferies
- Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kyong-Ah Kwon
- Instructional Leadership and Academic Curriculum, Jeannine Rainbolt College of Education, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Marianna Giammarchi
- Resilience Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Lande NM, Ask TF, Sætren SS, Lugo RG, Sütterlin S. The Role of Emotion Regulation for General Self-Efficacy in Adolescents Assessed Through Both Neurophysiological and Self-Reported Measures. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3373-3383. [PMID: 37650113 PMCID: PMC10464900 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s406702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-efficacy, the belief in one's ability and capacity to organize and execute actions required to achieve desired results, is associated with adolescent academic achievement and reduced risk for psychopathology. Adolescent emotion regulation represents an important component in the relationship between self-efficacy and developmental outcomes, but the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. It is unclear how emotion regulation strategies, which change with experience, and emotion regulation capacity, which is largely determined by genetics, contribute to the development of self-efficacy. Aim The present study aims to explore the relationship between emotion regulation and self-efficacy in adolescents. We hypothesize that neurophysiological emotion regulation capacity moderates the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and self-efficacy. Methods The present study applied a cross-sectional design. A sample of high-school students (N = 45, nfemale = 31, age = 17-18) provided answers on the General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Vagal tone was used as an indicator for emotion regulation capacity. Results In the initial correlational analysis, reappraisal, but not expressive suppression nor vagal tone was associated with self-efficacy. Vagal tone was not associated with any self-report measures of emotion regulation or self-efficacy. Contrary to our hypothesis, vagal tone did not moderate the relationship between emotion regulation and self-efficacy. Conclusion This is the first study assessing the relationship between neurophysiological indicators of emotion regulation and self-efficacy. Our results do not indicate that vagal tone moderates the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and general self-efficacy. Future studies should also assess the possible influence of metacognition and interoception on relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torvald F Ask
- Department of Health, Welfare and Organization, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
- Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Sjur Skjørshammer Sætren
- Department for Child and Adolescent Research, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- TIPS Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ricardo Gregorio Lugo
- Department of Health, Welfare and Organization, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
- Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
- Centre for Digital Forensics and Cybersecurity, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Stefan Sütterlin
- Department of Health, Welfare and Organization, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
- Centre for Digital Forensics and Cybersecurity, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- Faculty of Computer Science, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Sigmaringen, Germany
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Haver A, Krampe H, Danbolt LJ, Stålsett G, Schnell T. Emotion regulation moderates the association between COVID-19 stress and mental distress: findings on buffering, exacerbation, and gender differences in a cross-sectional study from Norway. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1121986. [PMID: 38427783 PMCID: PMC10325689 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maintaining good mental health is important during a crisis. However, little attention has been given to how people achieve this, or how they evaluate emotions associated with stressors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to (1) investigate whether emotion regulation, in particular cognitive reappraisal and suppression, moderates the relationship between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress and (2) examine gender differences in the interrelations between COVID-19 stress, emotion regulation, and mental distress. Methods Data from a population in Norway (n = 1.225) were collected using a cross-sectional survey during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emotion regulation was measured using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Scale (ERQ), COVID-19 stress with the COVID-19 Stress Scale, and mental distress with the Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4). Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results There was a strong association between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress (r = 0.61). The moderation analyses showed substantial moderation effects of cognitive reappraisal and suppression on the relationship between COVID-19 stress and mental distress. Cognitive reappraisal served as a buffer (p = 0.001) and suppression (p = 0.002) exacerbated the relation between COVID-19 stress and mental distress. Men had higher scores of suppression (p < 0.001), and women had higher scores of cognitive reappraisal (p = 0.025). The buffering effect of cognitive reappraisal presented itself only in women (p < 0.001), while the exacerbation effect of suppression appeared only in men (p < 0.001). Conclusion The current study suggests that COVID-19 pandemic-related stress is easier to deal with for those who have the tendency to cognitively reappraise. In contrast, suppression is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. The prevention of mental distress can be supported by guiding people about the importance of using healthy emotion regulation strategies, as well as helping them to become more aware of the way they interpret and regulate their emotions. Gender differences in emotion regulation suggest gender awareness, e.g., tailored programs for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Haver
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Hotel Management, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- School of Psychology, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Henning Krampe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Johan Danbolt
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychology of Religion, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Gry Stålsett
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Center, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Tatjana Schnell
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Existential Psychology Lab, Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
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Constantin KL, Lupo-Flewelling K, Moline RL, McMurtry CM. Child Emotion Regulation Capacity Moderates the Association Between Parent Behaviors and Child Distress During Pediatric Venipuncture. J Pediatr Psychol 2023; 48:108-119. [PMID: 35438772 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medical needle procedures are a common source of pain, distress, and fear for children, which can worsen over time and lead to needle noncompliance and avoidance, if unaddressed. Children's pain experience is multiply determined by external (e.g., parent behaviors) and internal (e.g., cognitive and affective) factors. Some parent behaviors (e.g., reassurance, giving control to child, empathy, apologies, criticism) have related to poor child pain experiences. No research has examined how children's internal emotion regulation, commonly measured via heart rate variability (HRV), may buffer, or strengthen this association. This study is the first to examine child HRV in relation to pain experiences, and as a moderator between a constellation of parent behaviors (reassurance, giving control, empathy) and child pain, fear, and distress. METHODS Sixty-one children aged 7-12 years undergoing venipuncture and a parent participated. Child HRV was measured before the procedure. After venipuncture, children rated their pain and fear. Parent and child behaviors during venipuncture were coded using the "distress promoting" and "distress" composites of the Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale-Revised. RESULTS Children with lower HRV displayed greater distress. Child HRV moderated the positive association between parent behaviors (reassurance, giving control, empathy) and child distress such that the association was strongest among children with low HRV. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest children with lower HRV, indicative of lower emotion regulation capacity, may be at risk of experiencing higher levels of distress and may be more vulnerable to distress when facing parent reassurance, giving control, and empathy verbalizations during venipuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C Meghan McMurtry
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Canada.,Pediatric Chronic Pain Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Canada
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The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience in the Relationship between Emotional Reactivity, Intolerance of Uncertainty and Psychological Maladjustment in Children Receiving Orthodontic Treatment. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081505. [PMID: 36011163 PMCID: PMC9408414 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the various psychological characteristics that affect psychological maladjustment in children undergoing orthodontic treatment. In this context, the predictive and mediating relationships between emotional reactivity, intolerance of uncertainty, psychological resilience and psychological maladjustment were considered. The study was conducted cross-sectionally with 543 children and adolescents aged 10−18 years, who were being treated at a state university orthodontic clinic in Turkey. Standardized measurement tools (The Emotional Reactivity Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Brief Resilience Scale and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) and online data collection processes were used in the data collection process. The findings show that emotional reactivity and intolerance of uncertainty pose a risk for psychological maladjustment in children and adolescents receiving orthodontic treatment, but psychological resilience has a protective function against this risk (p < 0.001). It is suggested that these findings may contribute to the expansion of pediatric dentists’ perspectives on the secondary outcomes of orthodontic treatment practices.
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Reyes AT, Song H, Bhatta TR, Kearney CA. Exploring the relationships between resilience, mindfulness, and experiential avoidance after the use of a mindfulness- and acceptance-based mobile app for posttraumatic stress disorder. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:776-784. [PMID: 34018197 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study used a mindfulness- and acceptance-based mobile app to examine the relationships between resilience, mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. DESIGN AND METHODS A quasi-experimental pre-posttest, single-group study design was used. A total of 23 college student veterans used the app for 4 weeks. Outcomes of resilience, mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and PTSD were measured at three time-points (baseline, end of Week 2, and end of Week 4). FINDINGS All outcomes significantly improved at postintervention. Improvements in resilience and PTSD significantly correlated with improvement in mindfulness. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Mindfulness- and acceptance-based mobile apps can be safely used by individuals with PTSD as a complementary approach to enhance resilient coping with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Reyes
- School of Nursing, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Huaxin Song
- School of Nursing, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Tirth R Bhatta
- Department of Sociology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Yang J, Xu J, Zhang H. Resiliency and academic engagement: A moderated mediation model. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of PsychologyNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of PsychologyNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
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Masten AS, Lucke CM, Nelson KM, Stallworthy IC. Resilience in Development and Psychopathology: Multisystem Perspectives. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2021; 17:521-549. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-120307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Resilience science in psychology and related fields emerged from clinical research on risk for psychopathology in the 1970s and matured over the ensuing decades with advances in theory, methods, and knowledge. Definitions and models of resilience shifted to reflect the expanding influence of developmental systems theory and the growing need to integrate knowledge about resilience across levels and disciplines to address multisystem threats. Resilience is defined for scalability and integrative purposes as the capacity of a dynamic system to adapt successfully through multisystem processes to challenges that threaten system function, survival, or development. Striking alignment of resilience factors observed in human systems, ranging from individuals to communities, suggests the possibility of networked, multisystem protective factors that work in concert. Evidence suggests that there may be resilience factors that provide transdiagnostic protection against the effects of adverse childhood experiences on risk for psychopathology. Multisystem studies of resilience offer promising directions for future research and its applications to promote mental health and positive development in children and youth at risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann S. Masten
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0345, USA:
| | - Cara M. Lucke
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0345, USA:
| | - Kayla M. Nelson
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0345, USA:
| | - Isabella C. Stallworthy
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0345, USA:
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Arruda MA, Arruda R, Landeira-Fernandez J, Anunciação L, Bigal ME. Resilience and vulnerability in adolescents with primary headaches: A cross-sectional population-based study. Headache 2021; 61:546-557. [PMID: 33720394 DOI: 10.1111/head.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A scarcity of studies on the role of resilience resources (RRs) and vulnerability risk (VR) in children and adolescents with primary headache hampers the development of a risk-resilience model for pediatric headaches. OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which headache frequency and diagnosis are associated with RRs and VR and explore possible predictors of low RRs and high VR in a cross-sectional population-based study in adolescents. METHODS This is a cross-sectional population study conducted in a small city in Brazil (Delfinópolis). Consents and analyzable data were obtained from 339/378 adolescents (89.7%). RRs and VR were assessed using the validated Brazilian version of the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents, completed by the adolescents. Parents filled a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic and headache characteristics, as well as the Brazilian-validated version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire added to the impact supplement to evaluate the adolescent's psychosocial adjustment skills. Teachers completed a structured questionnaire about the students' school performance. RESULTS A higher frequency of headache was associated with lower RRs (F3,335 = 2.99, p = 0.031) and higher VR (F3,335 = 4.05, p = 0.007). Headache diagnosis did not significantly influence the risk of having lower RRs or higher VR. In the exploratory analyses, females (OR 3.07; 95% CI: 1.16-9.3) and individuals with psychosocial adjustment problems (OR 7.5; 95% CI: 2.51-22.4) were predictors of low RRs, and prenatal exposure to tobacco (OR 5.6; 95% CI: 1.57-20.9) was a predictor of high VR in adolescents with primary headache. CONCLUSIONS The risk of low RRs and high VR was associated with a higher headache frequency, but not with headache diagnosis. These findings may contribute to the development of a risk-resilience model of headaches in the pediatric population and help identify novel targets and develop effective resources for successful interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renato Arruda
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - J Landeira-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Anunciação
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wu L, Zhang X, Wang J, Sun J, Mao F, Han J, Cao F. The associations of executive functions with resilience in early adulthood: A prospective longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:1048-1054. [PMID: 33601677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive functions and resilience, the key components of an individual's ability to participate meaningfully and effectively in their environment, have become increasingly researched topics in psychology and education. However, little is known about the longitudinal associations of executive functions and resilience among emergent adults. METHODS We conducted a prospective study with 450 (baseline) participants aged 17-24 years; 420 of these participants also completed a 15-month follow-up. Participants answered questionnaires investigating socio-demographics, executive functions, and resilience, and results were analysed with multivariable logistic regression and cross-lagged analyses. RESULTS At baseline, the overall prevalence of low executive functions (T-score ≥ 60) among the sample was 18.2%. Relative to persistently low executive functions, newly developed or persistent high executive functions was significantly associated with higher level of resilience at follow-up (bOR = 8.26, 95% CI [2.57, 26.49]; bOR = 8.74, 95% CI [3.69, 20.70], respectively). Further cross-lagged analyses showed bidirectional relationships of executive functions and various executive functions subtypes with resilience. LIMITATIONS The use of self-report measures may lead to recall bias, and intervention or experimental studies are needed to examine causality. This study recruited participants from one vocational school, which may limit the generalisability of the results. Also, follow-up dropout was a potential bias in this study; the observed results should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposes that enhancing executive functions may be associated with improved resilience, and vice versa. These findings could influence the development of targeted interventions via mental health professionals to support individuals' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Wu
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fangxiang Mao
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fenglin Cao
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Development and Psychometric Properties of a Scale to Measure Resilience among Portuguese University Students: Resilience Scale-10. EDUCATION SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/educsci11020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Higher education students lack skills to deal in a positive way with the crises inherent to the developmental phase in which they find themselves. However, the complexity of the current global context adds an urgent need for them to be resilient. For this purpose, it is necessary to evaluate their capacity for resilience, which requires the use of instruments that are easy to access, useful, simple, and fast. In this sense, this study aimed to develop and validate a scale to assess students’ resilience in the face of adversity. The scale was administered to a sample of 2030 Portuguese higher education students. The results obtained pointed towards a factorial structure composed of two factors named “self-determination” and “adaptability”, which showed good internal consistency. Therefore, this scale proved to be a valid measure to assess resilience among the university population. Future studies may consider this variable as an intervention target since it can be a predictor of success in phases of change and crisis.
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Yaxing L, Xia S, Shu L, Zhihong L, Qiaoju Y, Yanwei W, Tianxue G, Jun Z. Parents’ Resilience Affects Condition of Children With Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis. J Nurse Pract 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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