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Zhang J, Huang Y, Dong Y, Li J, Zhu L, Zhao M. The effect of music tempo on movement flow. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1292516. [PMID: 38348258 PMCID: PMC10860678 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1292516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been much controversy over the effects of music tempo on movement flow. In this study, a single-factor repeated-measurement design was used to explore the effect of music tempo (fast, slow, and no music control) on movement flow by measuring both subjective experiences and objective electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics during brisk walking. In the experiment, 20 college students walked briskly on a treadmill using EEG equipment. Each participant walked for 10 min on three different days. Their brain waves were recorded during brisk walking on a treadmill. After each walk, the participants completed a form of short flow state scale-2 (S FSS-2), which covered nine major aspects of flow. The results showed that music tempo had a significant effect on subjective experiences and objective physiological characteristics; that is, a higher subjective flow level for fast-tempo music in brisk walking and a significant enhancement of mean power values in the subconscious brain waves of the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands for fast tempo music were observed. A fast tempo facilitated the movement flow. The findings of this study can be instructive for the use of music in exercises to improve sports training outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Art and Design, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Ren’ai College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jutao Li
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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2
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Biasutti M, Philippe RA. Editorial: I got flow! The flow state in music and artistic sport contexts. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1138638. [PMID: 36818117 PMCID: PMC9932971 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1138638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Biasutti
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,*Correspondence: Michele Biasutti ✉
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Guyon AJAA, Hildebrandt H, Güsewell A, Horsch A, Nater UM, Gomez P. How audience and general music performance anxiety affect classical music students’ flow experience: A close look at its dimensions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:959190. [PMID: 36389478 PMCID: PMC9649719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.959190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow describes a state of intense experiential involvement in an activity that is defined in terms of nine dimensions. Despite increased interest in understanding the flow experience of musicians in recent years, knowledge of how characteristics of the musician and of the music performance context affect the flow experience at the dimension level is lacking. In this study, we aimed to investigate how musicians’ general music performance anxiety (MPA) level (i.e., the general tendency to experience anxiety during solo music performances) and the presence of an audience influence the nine flow dimensions. The participants were 121 university music students who performed solo a music piece once by themselves (private performance) and once in front of an audience (public performance). Their general MPA level was measured with an adapted version of the STAI and ranged from 27 (very low MPA) to 76 (very high MPA). The level of the nine flow dimensions was assessed with the Flow State Scale-2 after each performance. The levels of “concentration on task at hand,” “sense of control,” and “autotelic experience” decreased significantly with increasing general MPA level. The levels of “unambiguous feedback” and “loss of self-consciousness” decreased significantly with increasing general MPA level during the public performance only. The level of “sense of control” was significantly lower during the public performance than the private performance across participants. The level of “unambiguous feedback” was significantly lower during the public performance than the private performance for participants with a general MPA level higher than 47. The level of “loss of self-consciousness” was significantly lower during the public performance than the private performance for participants with a general MPA level higher than 32. In contrast, the general MPA level and the audience did not significantly affect the levels of “challenge-skill balance,” “clear goals,” and “action-awareness merging.” These results show that the effects of general MPA level and audience vary greatly across flow state dimensions. We conclude that musicians’ flow state should be analyzed at the dimension level rather than as a global score. We discuss how our findings could inform the development and implementation of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie J. A. A. Guyon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Horst Hildebrandt
- Swiss University Center for Music Physiology, Basel University of the Arts, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss University Center for Music Physiology, Zurich University of the Arts, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Güsewell
- HEMU–Haute Ecole de Musique, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antje Horsch
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare (IUFRS), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neonatology Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urs M. Nater
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University Research Platform “Stress of life (SOLE) – Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress”, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Gomez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Patrick Gomez,
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Parsons A, Dubrow-Marshall L, Turner R, Thurston S, Starkey J, Omylinska-Thurston J, Karkou V. The importance of psychological flow in a creative, embodied and enactive psychological therapy approach (Arts for the Blues). BODY MOVEMENT AND DANCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17432979.2022.2130431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa Parsons
- Lecturer in Psychology and Dance Movement Psychotherapist, Directorate of Psychology, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Linda Dubrow-Marshall
- Head of Psychology and Counselling Psychologist, Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | | | - Scott Thurston
- Reader in English and Creative Writing at the University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Jennifer Starkey
- Research Centre for Arts and Wellbeing, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | | | - Vicky Karkou
- Chair of Dance, Arts and Wellbeing, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Hackert B, Lumma A, Raettig T, Berger B, Weger U. Towards a re‐conceptualization of flow in social contexts. JOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jtsb.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Hackert
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany
| | - Anna‐Lena Lumma
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany
| | - Tim Raettig
- Institute of Psychology III – Psychological Methods, Cognition and Application University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Bettina Berger
- Chair of Medical Theory, Integrative and Anthroposophic Medicine Department of Health Witten/Herdecke University Herdecke Germany
| | - Ulrich Weger
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany
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6
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Schmidt B. Feeling Safe With Hypnosis: Eliciting Positive Feelings During a Special State of Consciousness. Front Psychol 2022; 13:917139. [PMID: 35719472 PMCID: PMC9201773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our state of consciousness is crucial for our ability to follow suggestions. Suggestions in turn are a powerful tool to induce positive emotional states. In my research, I suggest positive feelings of safety during hypnosis. This is a positive emotional state of low arousal and low anxiety. Both arousal and anxiety affect our decision-making. However, when we feel safe due to hypnotic suggestions of safety, we do not act riskier. Instead, EEG brain activity shows that monetary rewards get less important and delayed rewards are less devalued compared to immediate rewards when we feel safe. These results open promising perspectives for the use of hypnosis to reduce impulsive behavior, for example, in substance abuse. Therapeutic suggestions of safety even work in highly stressful environments like the intensive care unit. I showed that patients tolerate non-invasive ventilation much better when they get the suggestion to feel safe. The effects of positive therapeutic suggestions delivered during hypnosis even persist over time. Post-hypnotic suggestions are associations between a certain emotional state and a trigger that elicits this emotional state after hypnosis is over. I showed that post-hypnotic suggestions of safety are effective weeks after the therapeutic session. Therefore, I present a therapeutic technique that uses a special state of consciousness, hypnosis, to induce positive emotional states. The effects of this technique are very strong and long lasting. My goal is to provide scientific evidence for the use of hypnotherapeutic techniques to increase the number of people who apply and profit from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schmidt
- Institute for Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Psychology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Antonini Philippe R, Singer SM, Jaeger JEE, Biasutti M, Sinnett S. Achieving Flow: An Exploratory Investigation of Elite College Athletes and Musicians. Front Psychol 2022; 13:831508. [PMID: 35432058 PMCID: PMC9009586 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While studies on the characteristics of flow states and their relation to peak performance exist, little is known about the dynamics by which flow states emerge and develop over time. The current paper qualitatively explores the necessary pre-conditions to enter flow, and the development of flow over time until its termination. Using an elicitation interview, participants (10 athletes and 12 musicians) were asked to recall their flow experiences in sports or music performances. The analysis resulted in the identification of the following three phases that athletes and musicians experience during flow: (1) Preparation to enter flow; (2) Entry into the flow state and; (3) Exit from the flow state. These three phases are characterized by several sub-themes contributing to the experience of flow. The function of emotions is crucial, as they play a core role across all three phases and regulate flow over time. The findings provide insights into the phenomenological characteristics of the transition and maintenance of the three proposed phases and the temporal dynamics of flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Scott Sinnett
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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9
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Spahn C, Krampe F, Nusseck M. Live Music Performance: The Relationship Between Flow and Music Performance Anxiety. Front Psychol 2021; 12:725569. [PMID: 34899468 PMCID: PMC8655696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.725569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies exploring the relation between flow and Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) have focused on the disposition of generally experiencing flow and the occurrence of MPA. Little is known about the connection between experiencing flow and MPA as it relates to a specific performance. In this study, flow and MPA have been investigated in 363 orchestral musicians in relation to a particular live music performance. The musicians were asked to fill out a questionnaire immediately after a concert. Flow experience during the performance was measured using the Flow Short Scale. The Performance-specific Questionnaire on MPA (PQM) was used for MPA. The PQM addresses particular aspects of MPA and refers retrospectively to the time before and during the performance as well as to the moment of filling out the questionnaire after the performance. Using three scales, the functional coping, the perceived symptoms of MPA and self-efficacy were determined for each time point of the performance. The results showed that experiencing flow was on average higher among orchestral musicians compared to a sample of the general population. However, there were differences between the professional and non-professional musicians. All PQM scales showed significant correlations with the global flow scale. Regression analysis on the global flow score found that regarding the time before the performance the PQM scale symptoms of MPA were diametrically connected with the flow experience. The PQM scale functional coping was shown to be positively related to the flow during the performance. Moreover, high self-efficacy was found to be closely related with stronger flow experience. Furthermore, flow seems to have positive effects on functionally coping with MPA and the self-efficacy after the performance. These findings confirm the negative relationship between flow and symptoms of MPA, offering further approaches in understanding the relationship especially for live music performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Spahn
- Freiburg Institute for Musicians’ Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Music Freiburg, Medical Faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg Center for Research and Teaching in Music, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Krampe
- Children’s Hospitals Schwabing and Harlaching Munich, Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Nusseck
- Freiburg Institute for Musicians’ Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Music Freiburg, Medical Faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg Center for Research and Teaching in Music, Freiburg, Germany
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Examining the Effects of Brief Mindfulness Training on Athletes' Flow: The Mediating Role of Resilience. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6633658. [PMID: 34122602 PMCID: PMC8166472 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6633658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Flow is characterized by the strong concentration in competitions, eliminating irrelevant thoughts and emotions, integrating all tasks, and continuing the competition smoothly even in challenging situations. The present study was into whether or not brief mindfulness training can improve athletes' flow and further explore the mediating effect of resilience in the intervention. Methods The 2 (experimental conditions) × 2 (time) mixed design was used in this study. Fifty-seven student-athletes were recruited and randomly assigned into either a brief mindfulness group (n = 29) or a control group (n = 28). Before and after the intervention, every participant completed a self-report measure including mindfulness, flow, and resilience. Results Participants in the brief mindfulness group showed increased mindfulness, flow, and resilience (p < 0.001) after brief mindfulness training; when putting resilience change (B = 0.30, 95% CI [0.031, 0.564]) into the equation, the direct (95% CI [3.156, 13.583]) and indirect (95% CI [0.470, 5.048]) effects of mindfulness training were both significant. Conclusion It was concluded that brief mindfulness training could significantly improve athletes' flow and resilience, and resilience partly mediated the effects of brief mindfulness training on flow.
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Lee S, Kwon S, Ahn J. The Effect of Modeling on Self-Efficacy and Flow State of Adolescent Athletes Through Role Models. Front Psychol 2021; 12:661557. [PMID: 34194366 PMCID: PMC8236606 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the effects of role modeling on adolescent athletes’ self-efficacy and flow state. The subjects were middle school and high school athletes registered with the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee. From the collected data, descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation model analysis were performed. To verify the mediating effects of self-efficacy in the relationship between modeling and flow state, structural equation modeling analysis was conducted. The direct effects of adolescent athlete modeling on flow state (β = 0.416, B = 0.244, p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (β = 0.479, B = 0.500, p < 0.01) were all significant, and the direct effects of self-efficacy on flow state (β = 0.404, B = 0.227, p < 0.01) were also significant. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the indirect effect of modeling on flow state (β = 0.194, B = 0.114, p < 0.01) was significant, and that the partial mediated effects of self-efficacy were significant. Thus, we confirmed that when adolescent athlete use modeling through a role model, their self-efficacy increased which in turn led to a positive effect on the ability to achieve a flow state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjoo Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungho Kwon
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Physical Activity and Anxiety of Chinese University Students: Mediation of Self-System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094468. [PMID: 33922351 PMCID: PMC8122769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of self-enhancement and self-criticism in the relationship between physical activity and anxiety. A total of 305 students from Chinese universities, ranging in age from 18 to 36, completed a questionnaire package comprising a physical activity questionnaire, a self-enhancement strategies scale, a level of self-criticism scale, and a short form of state and trait anxiety scale. Findings highlighted that physical activity had a significant negative correlation with anxiety (r = −0.31, p < 0.01), a significant positive association with self-enhancement (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), and a significant negative relationship with self-criticism (r = −0.14, p < 0.05). It was also found that anxiety was significantly predicted by self-enhancement (−0.21, p < 0.01) and self-criticism (0.44, p < 0.01). Moreover, the mediation model supports the mediation of self-enhancement and self-criticism between physical activity and anxiety in university students. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at promoting physical activity and enhancing the self-system should be worthy strategies for reducing students’ anxiety.
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Verneert F, Nijs L, De Baets T. A Space for Collaborative Creativity. How Collective Improvising Shapes 'a Sense of Belonging'. Front Psychol 2021; 12:648770. [PMID: 33868125 PMCID: PMC8044394 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, we draw on findings from a non-formal, community music project to elaborate on the relationship between the concept of eudaimonia, as defined by Seligman, the interactive dimensions of collective free improvisation, and the concept of collaborative creativity. The project revolves around The Ostend Street Orkestra (TOSO), a music ensemble within which homeless adults and individuals with a psychiatric or alcohol/drug related background engage in collective musical improvisation. Between 2017 and 2019 data was collected through open interviews and video recordings of rehearsals and performances. Participant data was analyzed through inductive analysis based on the principles of grounded theory. One interesting finding was the discrepancy in the participant interviews between social relationships indicative of a negative affect about social group interaction versus strong feelings of group coherence and belonging. Video recordings of performances and rehearsals showed clear enjoyment and pleasure while playing music. Alongside verbal reflection through one-on-one interviews video recordings and analysis of moment-to moment observations should be used, in order to capture the complexity of community music projects with homeless people. The initial open coding was aligned with the five elements of the PERMA model. Overall, we observed more focus on Relationship (sense of belonging), Engagement (flow in rehearsals and performances) and Meaning (belonging to something greater than yourself) and less on Positive Emotion and Accomplishment (goal setting).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Verneert
- Associated Faculty of the Arts, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Music, LUCA School of Arts, Campus Lemmens, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Nijs
- IPEM, Department of Musicology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- CORPoREAL, Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Baets
- Associated Faculty of the Arts, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Music, LUCA School of Arts, Campus Lemmens, Leuven, Belgium
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Jamea EN, McCaskill LA, Needle RB. Sexual Satisfaction: Exploring the Role of Flow. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 47:481-491. [PMID: 33754948 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1898503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sexual satisfaction plays an important role in relationship, mental, and even physical health. Activities that produce a state of flow create meaning in people's lives. Although people who report high levels of sexual satisfaction describe their sex lives as being very meaningful, there is little research on the relationship between sexual satisfaction and flow. This study sought to address this gap. One hundred participants who were in monogamous relationships completed an online survey consisting of two questionnaires-the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale and the Core Dispositional Flow State Scale. We used partial least square structural equation modeling approach to examine the association between flow and sexual satisfaction. We found that flow was a statistically significant positive predictor of both partner-focused and personal sexual satisfaction. Our results indicate that there are no statistically significant gender differences.
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Habe K, Biasutti M, Kajtna T. Wellbeing and flow in sports and music students during the COVID-19 pandemic. THINKING SKILLS AND CREATIVITY 2021; 39:100798. [PMID: 33589864 PMCID: PMC7874927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore emotional and cognitive aspects of subjective wellbeing and flow in music and sports students during the lockdown imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (314 higher education sports and music students) answered questions about measure of flow, satisfaction with life, satisfaction with studying, positive and negative affect, and COVID-19 impact. The results revealed differences in eight flow dimensions and a global flow score in favor of sports students. Differences were also found in affect: sports students experienced more positive affect and less negative affect than musicians. However, there were no significant differences with regard to satisfaction with life or satisfaction with study, and music and sports students perceived the COVID-19 impact equally. Gender differences were found for three flow dimensions and the global flow score (female students experienced flow less frequently than males) and satisfaction with studying (higher scores for female students). However, no gender differences were detected for satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect, or COVID-19 impact. The results of regression analyses showed that satisfaction with life and studying, positive and negative affect, and COVID-19 impact could all be predicted on the basis of flow dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Habe
- Academy of Music, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Tanja Kajtna
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Peng C, Yuan G, Mao Y, Wang X, Ma J, Bonaiuto M. Expanding Social, Psychological, and Physical Indicators of Urbanites' Life Satisfaction toward Residential Community: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010004. [PMID: 33374936 PMCID: PMC7792594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Attention on, and interest in, life satisfaction has increased worldwide. However, research on life satisfaction focused toward the urban dwellers' residential community is mainly from western countries, and the limited research from China is solely focused on the geriatric population via a narrowly constrained research perspective. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate urbanites' life satisfaction toward their community, combining the psychological (behavioral community engagement, mental state of flow, and cognitive community identity), physical (PREQIs-perceived residential environment quality indicators: e.g., green area), and social perspectives (social capital). The proposed conceptual model was tested on a regionally representative sample of 508 urban community residents in the city of Chengdu, Sichuan province, China. Data were analyzed via a structure equation modelling approach in AMOS software. Findings suggested that all of the psychological, physical and social factors contributed to a prediction of life satisfaction. Specifically, social capital mediated the path from community engagement and flow to life satisfaction, and community identity mediated the path from flow experience and green area to life satisfaction. Additionally, social capital contributed to predict life satisfaction through its influence on community identity. Findings provide suggestions for urban designers and policymakers to focus on creating an urban community equipped with green area, which helps to promote physical activities that are flow-productive, to enhance residents' identification to their residential community and, therefore, increase life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Peng
- School of Public Affairs and Law, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; (C.P.); (G.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Guoping Yuan
- School of Public Affairs and Law, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; (C.P.); (G.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanhui Mao
- Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Public Affairs and Law, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; (C.P.); (G.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Jianhong Ma
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China;
| | - Marino Bonaiuto
- CIRPA—Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Psicologia Ambientale, Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy;
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Antonini Philippe R, Schiavio A, Biasutti M. Adaptation and destabilization of interpersonal relationships in sport and music during the Covid-19 lockdown. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05212. [PMID: 33072923 PMCID: PMC7553866 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting imposition of physical distancing rules had consequences in the domains of music and sport. The present study sought to analyze how the COVID-19 lockdown period affected interpersonal relationships between music teachers and students and sports coaches and athletes. As part of a semi-structured interview, eighteen participants—six athletes and their three coaches and six musicians and their three teachers—were asked to recall how their interpersonal relationships evolved during the lockdown. Findings showed that these changes could be grouped into four dimensions: establishing a new relationship; working on a new form for the relationship; developing functional, positive adaptations; and developingnon-adaptive,detached relationships. Findings also showed that members of the dyad gave meaning to their interpersonal relationship in a dynamic way, even over such a short time. There were some similarities between the experiences of musicians and athletes, highlighting the importance of a well-functioning dyad and good communication between the parties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Antonini Philippe
- Laboratoire PHASE, Institut des Sciences du Sport, Faculté des Sciences Sociales et Politiques, Université de Lausanne, Suisse, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Schiavio
- Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michele Biasutti
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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Soriano A, Kozusznik MW, Peiró JM, Demerouti E. Employees’ Work Patterns–Office Type Fit and the Dynamic Relationship Between Flow and Performance. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Sinnett S, Jäger J, Singer SM, Antonini Philippe R. Flow States and Associated Changes in Spatial and Temporal Processing. Front Psychol 2020; 11:381. [PMID: 32226403 PMCID: PMC7080955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved perception during high performance is a commonly reported phenomenon. However, it is difficult to determine whether these reported changes experienced during flow states reflect veridical changes in perceptual processing, or if instead are related to some form of memory or response bias. Flow is a state in which an individual experiences high focus and involvement in a specific task, and typically experiences a lack of distractibility, a disordered sense of time, great enjoyment, and increased levels of performance. The present pre-registered study investigated 27 athletes and musicians using a temporal order judgement (TOJ) task before and after a sports or music performance over three sessions. Participants' flow experiences were surveyed in order to measure how modulations of flow over successive performances potentially modulates spatiotemporal perception and processing. Hierarchical linear modeling showed a positive moderation of subjectively experienced flow and performance on post-measures of a TOJ task. Specifically, the higher the subjective flow experience of the sport or music performance was rated, the better the participant performed in the post-performance TOJ task compared to the pre-performance TOJ task. The findings of the present study provide a more comprehensive explanation of human perception during flow at high level performances and suggest important insights regarding the possibility of modulated temporal processing and spatial attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Sinnett
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Joshua Jäger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Roberta Antonini Philippe
- Laboratoire PHASE, Institut des Sciences du Sport, Faculté des Sciences Sociales et Politiques, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Wentink C, Van der Merwe L. Exploring the Lived Experiences of Instrumental Ensemble Performers With Dalcroze Eurhythmics: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Front Psychol 2020; 11:336. [PMID: 32194484 PMCID: PMC7063099 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is to explore the way that instrumental ensemble performers understand their experiences of Dalcroze Eurhythmics while preparing the Tango and Charleston of the jazz ballet La revue de Cuisine by Bohuslav Martinů. The participants of this study were the members of an ad hoc ensemble, which included both authors. Data included semi-structured interviews and reflections by the first author during and after the five Dalcroze sessions. The six emergent super-ordinate themes were: (1). Heightened awareness of music, time, space and energy; (2). Beneficial for relationships in the ensemble; (3). Improved musicianship; (4). Enjoyment and feeling good; (5). Informing pedagogy; and (6). Social and cognitive challenges. Implications of this study suggest that Dalcroze experiences link with Csikszentmihalyi’s description of the experience of “flow.” Experiences of flow are very positive emotions, which will be beneficial for the performers in any instrumental ensemble.
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