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Kwan YK, Lau Y, Ang WW, Lau ST. Immediate, Short-term, Medium-term, and Long-term effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:12-22. [PMID: 37578846 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is increasingly being studied as a treatment for smoking cessation. However, its immediate, short-, and long-term effects have rarely been reviewed. METHODS This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of immediate, short-, medium-, and long-term smoking cessation rates in ACT and comparators at less than 3-month, 3 to 4-month, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in eight databases until April 20, 2023. We assessed the quality of RCTs and the certainty of evidence of outcomes. RESULTS Nineteen RCTs involving 7885 smokers across six countries were included. The majority (72.81%) of RCTs were graded as low risk across six domains. For complete-case outcomes, meta-analyses were conducted, and the results revealed a significant effect in favor of ACT [risk ratio: 1.70-1.80 at <3-month, 3 to 4-month, and 6 months follow-up] compared with comparators. For outcomes using missing data management, meta-analyses found an overall effect in favor of ACT, but a significant effect was found at 3 to 4-months only. However, 12-month follow-ups revealed no significant reduction in smoking cessation for both outcomes. Moderate and substantial heterogeneities were found among four meta-analyses that may lead to inaccurate estimates of effects. The certainty of evidence of all outcomes was rated as low and very low. CONCLUSION ACT may be an effective intervention for smoking cessation with immediate, short-term, and medium-term effects. Caution must be applied in the interpretation of the results due to the limited trials and low certainty of evidence. IMPLICATION ACT can be implemented adjuvant to the usual treatment for smoking cessation. Additional RCTs with follow-up data using biochemically verified measures in non-US countries are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kai Kwan
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Lau
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wen Wei Ang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Tiang Lau
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Sinclair F, Gillanders D, Rooney N, Bonathan C, Hendry K, McLoone P, Hewitt C. Real-world evaluation of an acceptance and commitment therapy-based group programme for breast cancer survivors with fear of cancer recurrence. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:700. [PMID: 37966674 PMCID: PMC10651702 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a 6-week acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based group programme on participants' fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), quality of life (QoL), psychological distress and psychological flexibility at the end of the programme and 12-week follow-up. METHODS A one-group, post-test service evaluation of a real-world psychological programme was carried out to evaluate collected outcome measures and attendance for a total of 21 groups facilitated between 2017 and 2019. Participants were breast cancer survivors who attended a 6-week group programme led by NHS clinicians. Descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA analyses were carried out for each outcome measure. Attendance levels were examined to assess acceptability. RESULTS A total of 97 group participants who had completed curative treatment for breast cancer took part. Of whom, 89% completed at least 4 of the 6 weekly group sessions and 76% attended the 12-week follow-up session. Eighty-four (87%) participants returned outcome measures at all three time points relative to group participation (T1 = pre, T2 = post T3 = 12-week follow-up). Group participants were female, mean age 51.9 years. FCR was highest at T1 (mean 25.2, SD 4.7), reduced T2 (mean 21.2, SD 5.4) and further lowered T3 (mean 19.5, SD 6.2). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). QoL was lowest at T1 (mean 62.4, SD 15.7), increased T2 (mean 71.7, SD 18.1) and further increased at T3 (mean 75.9, SD 17.5). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Psychological distress measures were shown to reduce, and psychological flexibility increased. CONCLUSIONS This real-world evaluation of an ACT-based group programme led to improvements in FCR, QoL, psychological distress and psychological flexibility in this population. This evaluation provides basis for further investigation to determine if these results can be replicated by controlled research design across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Gillanders
- School of Health in Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | | | - Kirsty Hendry
- School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
| | - Philip McLoone
- School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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McDaniels B, Pontone GM, Keener AM, Subramanian I. A Prescription for Wellness in Early PD: Just What the Doctor Ordered. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2023; 36:461-469. [PMID: 36911924 DOI: 10.1177/08919887231164358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease is a life-changing event and a critical time to help patients cope and move forward in a proactive way. Historically, the main focus of Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment has been on the motor features with limited attention given to non-motor and mental health sequelae, which have the most impact on quality of life. Although depression and anxiety have been described at the time of PD diagnosis, demoralization, intolerance of uncertainty, decreased self-efficacy, stigma and loneliness can also present and have negative effects on the trajectory of the disease. Hence, understanding the psychological impact of the diagnosis and how to provide better counselling at this critical time point may be the key to a better long-term trajectory and quality of life. FOCUS There has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of chronic illness moving beyond the medical model, which focuses on fighting illness with the physician being in charge of the treatment process and the patient being the passive recipient, toward a more holistic (i.e., physical, psychological, social, and spiritual health) biopsychosocial approach that emphasizes behavioral factors with the patient being an active collaborator in their treatment. Hence, we propose that fostering resilience, social support, and psychological flexibility offer promise toward attenuating negative reactions and improving overall well-being. CONCLUSION Through a proactive wellness approach incorporating lifestyle choices, people with PD (PwP) can not only achieve improved states of health, well-being, and quality of life, but actually thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley McDaniels
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Gregory M Pontone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adrienne M Keener
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center (PADRECC), Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Indu Subramanian
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center (PADRECC), Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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McDaniels B, Pontone GM, Mathur S, Subramanian I. Staying hidden: The burden of stigma in PD. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 116:105838. [PMID: 37689498 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the myriad motor and non-motor challenges associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis, the hidden issue of stigma may be among the most influential factors negatively affecting quality of life. A number of qualitative studies have been published assessing various aspects of stigma in PD, and quantitative studies assert that most people with PD experience stigma during the course of their disease. Stigma is associated with poorer mental and physical health, poorer quality of life, decreased levels of hope, self-esteem and self-efficacy. The resulting stigma can lead to social anxiety and isolation, reluctance to seek medical care, loneliness, depression and anxiety. Therefore, understanding what stigma is, where it comes from, and how it affects people living with PD may offer clinicians and care partners tools to help mitigate the negative effects. FOCUS Over the past few decades, we have seen a move away from simply focusing on the effects of a disease (medical model) toward a holistic biopsychosocial approach that considers the role of environmental factors (stigma) when assessing overall well-being. We review some proactive practical suggestions to help people living with PD effectively combat the negative effects of stigma. CONCLUSION The additional hidden burden of stigma from PD affects quality of life. Having a better understanding of the role of stigma and its impact may allow clinicians to provide proactive care and greater empathy for those living with the challenges of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley McDaniels
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Gregory M Pontone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Indu Subramanian
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC), Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hussain S, Khawar R, Amin R, Hamdani A, Majeed A. Psychological flexibility, cognitive emotion regulation and mental health outcomes among patients with asthma in Pakistan. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15506. [PMID: 37456900 PMCID: PMC10340097 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Adults with asthma who experience difficulties in emotion regulation are prone to developing psychopathological symptoms that may affect their self-management activities and symptom control. The current research investigated the role of psychological flexibility and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in relation to mental health outcomes (psychological distress and quality of life) among patients with asthma in Pakistan. Method A sample of 200 adults, diagnosed with asthma (32% men, 68% women; Mage = 42.32, SDage = 16.99), completed the acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ-II) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), depression, anxiety, stress scale-21 (DASS-21), asthma-related quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) and a self-structured demographic sheet. Results Results of Pearson product moment correlation showed that most of the adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (positive refocusing, refocus on planning, and positive reappraisal) were positively correlated with psychological flexibility and quality of life, whereas negatively correlated with psychological distress. All the maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation had a significant inverse relationship with psychological flexibility and quality of life, while positively correlated with psychological distress. Results of serial mediation analysis through PROCESS MACRO showed that catastrophising and anxiety fully mediated the relationship between psychological flexibility and asthma-related quality of life. Conclusion Evidence-based interventions should focus on developing psychological flexibility and identifying maladaptive patterns of cognitive emotion regulation strategies for improved mental health and quality of life outcomes for adults with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samavia Hussain
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Khawar
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Amin
- Department of Professional Psychology Bahria University, Islamabad Campus Pakistan, Bahria University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asma Hamdani
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Majeed
- Department of Applied Psychology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Dixit U, He J, Whited M, Ellis JM, Zickgraf HF. Negative emotional eating patterns among American university students: A replication study. Appetite 2023; 186:106554. [PMID: 37030451 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE) has been consistently associated with obesity, weight gain, and certain eating disorders (EDs). Given the cultural influence on food consumption and eating styles, comparison of EE patterns of individuals in culturally distinct nations (e.g., USA and China) could yield interesting differences in findings. However, given the increasing convergence in eating practices between the above-mentioned nations (e.g., higher reliance on outdoor eating at restaurants among Chinese adolescents), EE patterns might share significant similarities. The present study examined EE patterns of American college students and is a replication of the study done by He, Chen, Wu, Niu, and Fan (2020) on Chinese college students. Responses of 533 participants (60.4% women, 70.1% White, aged 18-52 (mean age = 18.75, SD = 1.35), mean self-reported body mass index = 24.22 kg/m2 and SD = 4.77) on the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (Emotional overeating and emotional undereating subscales) were examined using Latent Class Analysis to identify specific patterns of EE. Participants also completed questionnaire measures of disordered eating and associated psychosocial impairment, depression, stress, and anxiety symptoms, and a measure of psychological flexibility. A solution with four classes emerged, i.e., emotional over- and undereating (18.3%), emotional overeating (18.2%), emotional undereating (27.8%), and non-emotional eating (35.7%). Current findings replicated and extended findings from He, Chen, et al. (2020) in that the emotional over- and undereating class exhibited the highest risks for depression, anxiety, stress, and psychosocial impairment due to disordered eating symptoms as well as lower psychological flexibility. Individuals who have difficulty with awareness and acceptance of their emotions appear to engage in the most problematic form of EE and could benefit from Dialectical behavior therapy and Acceptance and commitment therapy skills training.
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Mavragani A, Knott B, Hodyl N, Horton G, Walker FR, Nilsson M. Medical Student Experiences of Engaging in a Psychological Flexibility Skill Training App for Burnout and Well-being: Pilot Feasibility Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e43263. [PMID: 36626191 PMCID: PMC9874998 DOI: 10.2196/43263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students are at higher risk of burnout than the general population. Interventions that facilitate adaptive coping behaviors (eg, Psychological Flexibility) in the context of inherent stressors associated with medical training could mitigate burnout risk and improve well-being. Delivering these interventions using smartphone apps offers advantages such as accessibility, scalability, mitigation of time and stigma barriers, and facilitation of individual tailoring (individualization). There is a need for feasibility trials with medical students in this emerging field. Formal evaluations of user experiences of app-based psychological skill training are required to identify barriers to and facilitators of engagement and optimize intervention development before implementation in efficacy trials and real-world settings. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the feasibility of delivering an individualized Psychological Flexibility skill training intervention (Acceptance and Commitment Training [ACTraining]) to medical students using an app-based delivery format. We further aimed to explore how formal evaluation of user experiences might inform and guide the development of this app before implementation in an efficacy trial and future research involving app-delivered psychological skill training for medical students. METHODS This single-arm study was an early-phase feasibility trial of a stand-alone ACTraining app conducted with a sample of Australian medical students (n=11). We collected app usability and user experience data across a broad range of domains (eg, perceived helpfulness and relevance, learning experiences, and self-efficacy) using self-report questionnaires (quantitative and qualitative) and behavioral engagement outcomes. RESULTS Behavioral engagement data demonstrated that the app delivered the assessment procedures and individualized ACTraining intervention to medical students as intended. The subjective feedback provided by students who actively engaged with the app was generally positive across several indicators, including usability, perceived relevance and helpfulness, accessibility, maintenance of privacy, and opportunity for self-reflection. Disengagement from the app was an identified challenge throughout the trial. Participant feedback identified several factors that may have affected engagement, such as time, expectations regarding app interface functioning, and individual differences in confidence and self-efficacy when implementing skills. CONCLUSIONS This study reports user experience data that have been largely absent from the literature on digital psychological interventions for medical students. Our findings demonstrate the preliminary feasibility of an app-delivered ACTraining intervention for medical student well-being and burnout and support the value of future assessment of the efficacy of this approach with larger samples. We consider subjective feedback from medical students in relation to observed engagement and propose how this information might be used to inform the development of this app and future research in this nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolette Hodyl
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,New South Wales Regional Health Partners, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Graeme Horton
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Frederick Rohan Walker
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singaport, Singapore
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Bellini D, Barbieri B, Barattucci M, Mascia ML, Ramaci T. The Role of a Restorative Resource in the Academic Context in Improving Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation and Flow within the Job Demands-Resources Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215263. [PMID: 36429977 PMCID: PMC9690201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The perceived quality of the learning environment may influence both motivation and concentration. Little is known about how perceived characteristics of the learning environment, and specifically sub-dimensions of Perceived Restorativeness (being away, fascination, compatibility, and extent), can promote these positive effects in an academic context. We addressed, through a correlational study, the possibility that the characteristics of learning environments may promote concentration and involvement in activity (i.e., flow) via intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for academic study within the job demands-resources model. A total of 165 Italian university psychology classes in a 3-year degree course from two different universities context completed an online questionnaire made up of the construct considered in this study. Results in the hierarchical multivariate regression analyses confirm that the restorative quality of learning environments (i.e., being away, compatibility, extent) is positively correlated with flow. However, there is a non-significant relationship between extent and flow. Regression analyses show a significant indirect effect of compatibility, both through intrinsic and extrinsic student motivation. Furthermore, the results confirm a significant indirect effect of extent through intrinsic motivation and being away, and fascination through Extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, intrinsic motivation is a full mediator between the extent and flow relationship. The results underline the importance of considering the restorative quality of the environment for improving place design, concentration, and student learning motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bellini
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Barbieri
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Lidia Mascia
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ramaci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
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Gordon S, Brown R, Hogan M, Menzies V. Mindfulness as a Symptom Management Strategy for Fibromyalgia: An Integrative Review. J Holist Nurs 2022; 41:200-214. [PMID: 36120889 DOI: 10.1177/08980101221123833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Mindfulness Meditation is a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modality growing in popularity. Currently, mindfulness is under-studied regarding efficacy; however, it offers a potentially accessible way to contribute to symptom management in chronic pain conditions. The purpose of this integrative review was to examine the literature for the use of mindfulness as symptom management strategy for persons diagnosed with the chronic pain condition, fibromyalgia. Methods: Six scientific databases were searched, using various keywords. Inclusion criteria were: (a) fibromyalgia, (b) English language, (c) experimental research designs; (d) adults age ≥ 18 years, and (e) mindfulness. Results: Seven studies were reviewed. Most interventions were completed over several months in the form of multiple group sessions lasting several hours each. Evaluations of effectiveness varied by study, but variables most commonly demonstrating improvement from mindfulness were anxiety, depression, sleep-related symptoms, coping and perceived stress. Mechanisms by which these outcomes may have been mediated included increases in self-compassion and psychological flexibility. Discussion: There is insufficient evidence to recommend mindfulness as an effective way to manage all fibromyalgia symptoms; however, promise lies in its usefulness addressing mood- and sleep-related symptoms. We suggest that further, more rigorous, research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy Brown
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Gori A, Topino E, Svicher A, Schuldberg D, Di Fabio A. Insight orientation scale: A promising tool for organizational outcomes-A psychometric analysis using item response theory. Front Psychol 2022; 13:987931. [PMID: 36118493 PMCID: PMC9479453 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.987931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Insight is a construct carried out into different theoretical orientations with increasing application out of the boundaries of clinical psychology. Recent studies have investigated insight also as a promising variable for organizational outcomes. Given the relevance of Insight in promoting change, this paper aimed at describing the psychometric analysis of one of the shortest, most agile, and most versatile tool for measuring some of the characteristics of insight, the Insight Orientation Scale (IOS), using Item Response Theory. To achieve this goal, we applied a Mixed Rash Model to the IOS. Data from 1,445 individuals were analyzed by the means of WIN-MIRA and Multilog. Based on the likelihood statistics (CAIC) we assumed a three-class solution for the IOS. Results also indicated that the greater part of items had good discrimination and threshold parameters. These findings confirmed psychometric stability of the IOS highlighting its measurement precision, supporting its utility in both research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Svicher
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology (Psychology Section), University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - David Schuldberg
- Department of Psychology, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Annamaria Di Fabio
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology (Psychology Section), University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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Montaner X, Tárrega S, Pulgarin M, Moix J. Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in Professional Dementia Caregivers Burnout. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:915-926. [PMID: 33955318 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1920530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To implement and assess the efficacy of a 6-week Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention to reduce anxiety and burnout in healthcare professionals working with dementia, and to increase their psychological flexibility and life satisfaction. METHODS A total of 105 workers from the CSSV Ricard Fortuny Hospital were randomly assigned to an intervention group (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) or a wait list control group. Psychological Flexibility (AAQ-II), Life Satisfaction (SWLS), Anxiety (STAI-T), and Burnout (MBI) were measured before and after the intervention. Follow-up data were collected 3 months and 12 months post-intervention. Split-plot analyses were performed following intention to treat approach. RESULTS No significant differences were found in baseline outcome measures. No time effects were found in wait list control group in any variable. In the intervention group, pre-post comparison showed a significant decrease in levels of MBI emotional exhaustion (p = .001) and anxiety (p < .001), and an increase in life satisfaction levels (p < .001) and MBI personal accomplishment (p < .001). These results were maintained at the 3- and 12-month follow-up periods. No significant intervention effects were observed in pre-post flexibility scores; however, data suggest slight progressive increase in flexibility at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Acceptance and Commitment Therapy showed positive effects in healthcare professionals working with dementia by reducing anxiety and burnout. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The implementation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy could help to increase the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals working with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Montaner
- Centre Sociosanitari Ricard Fortuny, Vilafranca del Penedes, Spain
| | - Salomé Tárrega
- Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
| | - Melodie Pulgarin
- Centre Sociosanitari Ricard Fortuny, Vilafranca del Penedes, Spain
| | - Jenny Moix
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Facultat de Psicologia, Bellaterra, Spain
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Zhang Z, Leong Bin Abdullah MFI, Shari NI, Lu P. Acceptance and commitment therapy versus mindfulness-based stress reduction for newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy for positive psychology, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267887. [PMID: 35536828 PMCID: PMC9089868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Head and neck cancer patients are vulnerable to various psychological complications due to the effects of both cancer itself and cancer treatment on patients’ appearance and physical well-being. Nevertheless, few data have been obtained on effective psychosocial interventions that could protect this group of cancer patients’ psychological well-being. Therefore, this three-armed, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized control trial (RCT) aims to evaluate and compare the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on positive psychology (such as posttraumatic growth [PTG], hope, and optimism), quality of life (QoL), and psychological complications (depression, anxiety, and experiential avoidance) among newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients. Methods and analysis This RCT will target newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients who have been treated only with surgery or who have not yet received any treatment. In total, 120 patients who meet all of the study’s inclusion criteria and none of its exclusion criteria will be randomly assigned into three groups—an ACT group, an MBSR group, and a treatment-as-usual control group—at a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. Participants in the two intervention groups (the ACT and MBSR groups) will undergo an eight-week group intervention program. During this program, each intervention will comprise eight modules based on ACT and MBSR, respectively. Outcome assessments will be performed across a three-point timeline, including before the intervention (t0), immediately after the psychosocial intervention at eight weeks (t1), and six months after the intervention (t2). The primary outcome that will be assessed during this RCT is PTG. Meanwhile, the secondary outcomes that will be evaluated in this study are such as QoL, hope, optimism, depression, anxiety, and experiential avoidance. Trial registration number NCT04800419 (ClinicalTrials.gov). Registered on March 16, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurul Izzah Shari
- School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Oncology, 1 Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, People’s Republic of China
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Ramaci T, Faraci P, Santisi G, Valenti GD. Employability and Job Insecurity: The Role of Personal Resources on Work-Related Stress. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 17:28-42. [PMID: 35136427 PMCID: PMC8768474 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to assess the effect of both employability and personal resources, in terms of pro-activity and self-efficacy, on the relationship between job insecurity and psycho-social distress. Using survey data from 211 participants, among employed, unemployed and workers in transition, we analyzed the incidence of employability, pro-activity and self-efficacy on psycho-social distress. Our results showed that the above-mentioned variables significantly differed by participants’ gender and age. The structural theoretical model proposed to assess the significance of the hypothesized paths exhibited good fit with the data. Thus, all our hypotheses were supported. Findings are in line with previous research, and practical implications may give significant effects when applied in new labor policies undertaken by local governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ramaci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Enna "Kore", Enna, Italy
| | - Palmira Faraci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Enna "Kore", Enna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santisi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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14
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Towey-Swift KD, Lauvrud C, Whittington R. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for professional staff burnout: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of controlled trials. J Ment Health 2022; 32:452-464. [PMID: 35105253 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.2022628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staff working in people-oriented professions are vulnerable to burnout which is negatively associated with professional well-being and service-user care. AIM To investigate if interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) are effective in reducing staff burnout. METHOD Systematic database and reference list searches were conducted resulting in the inclusion of 14 quantitative papers. A narrative synthesis, including extraction of individual effect sizes, was performed. RESULTS All studies were controlled trials. The settings for ACT delivery were varied across health, social care, and public services. The ACT interventions demonstrated statistically significant effects in favour of ACT on the outcome measure subscales across the majority of studies (n = 9). Thirteen studies demonstrated an effect in favour of ACT in at least one outcome measure subscale. Positive aspects of work engagement varied according to a professional role. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that ACT-based interventions using a wide range of formats may have the potential to decrease burnout across a range of professional groups. However, samples were small in the studies reviewed and the interventions were not always defined. Further research would benefit from larger studies, incorporating process measures, with explicit protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim D Towey-Swift
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christian Lauvrud
- Brøset Center for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Richard Whittington
- Brøset Center for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Rahul G. S, Soumonetra C, Bishal P, Aishani G, Ananya R. K, Janis MA. Personality, cognitive flexibility, and motivation among medical professionals during covid-19 pandemic: a correlational study. I-MANAGER’S JOURNAL ON NURSING 2022; 12:1. [DOI: 10.26634/jnur.12.1.18435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare professionals worldwide, by bringing changes in both their personal and professional lives. Motivation has become a driving factor along with cognitive flexibility during such demanding situations. Little importance has been given to the personality dimension while assessing these aspects, especially in the Indian context. The principal aim of this paper is to understand the relationship between personality, cognitive flexibility, and motivation among medical professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A correlational research design was used to conduct the research, and a snowball sampling technique was used to collect the data from a sample size of 204 medical professionals, consisting of 101 nurses and 103 doctors, working as frontline workers. The variables were assessed using the Neo Five-Factor Inventory, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, the Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Questionnaire. A nonparametric test of correlation was used. The research findings revealed that among medical professionals, certain personality factors, cognitive flexibility, and motivation share a significant relationship. Cognitive flexibility and motivation were found to be significantly correlated. There was no significant difference in cognitive flexibility and motivation among doctors and nurses. There was a significant difference in neuroticism between the groups. The findings will help in gaining a clearer insight into the needs of medical professionals in India, by facilitating the development of appropriate training interventions for medical professionals to be better equipped for similar crisis situations in the future.
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Wang Y, Zhang X. Influence of Parental Psychological Flexibility on Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Coping Style. Front Psychol 2021; 12:783401. [PMID: 34956003 PMCID: PMC8692367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.783401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy hinders the establishment of immune barrier in children. Psychological flexibility may be a key contributing factor to pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and self-efficacy and coping style play an important role in the relationship, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on parents from June 2021 to July 2021. A total of 382 parents were recruited for an online-investigation. Serial mediation models were used to examine whether self-efficacy and coping style mediated in the psychological flexibility-pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy linkage. Result: Psychological flexibility was negatively related to pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (r = −0.198, P < 0.001). Coping styles rather than self-efficacy played a mediating role independently (95% CI: −0.263 to −0.058). Serial mediation analyses indicated that self-efficacy and coping style co-play a serial mediating role in the association of psychological flexibility and pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (95% CI: −0.037 to −0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that high psychological flexibility, high self-efficacy, and positive coping style were conducive to the lower pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Wang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Godara M, Silveira S, Matthäus H, Heim C, Voelkle M, Hecht M, Binder EB, Singer T. Investigating differential effects of socio-emotional and mindfulness-based online interventions on mental health, resilience and social capacities during the COVID-19 pandemic: The study protocol. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256323. [PMID: 34735441 PMCID: PMC8568275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to a mental health crisis on a global scale. Epidemiological studies have reported a drastic increase in mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, increased loneliness and feelings of disconnectedness from others, while resilience levels have been negatively affected, indicating an urgent need for intervention. The current study is embedded within the larger CovSocial project which sought to evaluate longitudinal changes in vulnerability, resilience and social cohesion during the pandemic. The current second phase will investigate the efficacy of brief online mental training interventions in reducing mental health problems, and enhancing psychological resilience and social capacities. It further provides a unique opportunity for the prediction of intervention effects by individual biopsychosocial characteristics and preceding longitudinal change patterns during the pandemic in 2020/21. METHODS We will examine the differential effects of a socio-emotional (including 'Affect Dyad') and a mindfulness-based (including 'Breathing Meditation') intervention, delivered through a web- and cellphone application. Participants will undergo 10 weeks of intervention, and will be compared to a retest control group. The effectiveness of the interventions will be evaluated in a community sample (N = 300), which is recruited from the original longitudinal CovSocial sample. The pre- to post-intervention changes, potential underlying mechanisms, and prediction thereof, will be assessed on a wide range of outcomes: levels of stress, loneliness, depression and anxiety, resilience, prosocial behavior, empathy, compassion, and the impact on neuroendocrine, immunological and epigenetic markers. The multi-method nature of the study will incorporate self-report questionnaires, behavioral tasks, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approaches, and biological, hormonal and epigenetic markers assessed in saliva. DISCUSSION Results will reveal the differential effectiveness of two brief online interventions in improving mental health outcomes, as well as enhancing social capacities and resilience. The present study will serve as a first step for future application of scalable, low-cost interventions at a broader level to reduce stress and loneliness, improve mental health and build resilience and social capacities in the face of global stressors. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial has been registered on May 17, 2020 with the ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04889508 registration number (clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04889508).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarita Silveira
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Matthäus
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of the Free University of Berlin and Humboldt University of Berlin, Institute for Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Voelkle
- Institute of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Hecht
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department for Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Xun Y. Work engagement and associated factors among dental nurses in China. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:402. [PMID: 34399752 PMCID: PMC8369711 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work engagement is affected by many factors. The level of work engagement among dental nurses is unknown. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 215 dental nurses. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Chinese Nurse Stressors Scale, Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and General Well-Being Schedule were applied to measure Chinese nurses' work engagement, job stress, psychological flexibility, perceived social support and subjective well-being, respectively. Univariate analysis was used to identify the relationships of work engagement with demographic and psychological characteristics. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was applied to test the variance in work engagement accounted for by factors related to work engagement in the univariate analysis. RESULTS The level of work engagement among Chinese dental nurses was moderate or above. Work engagement was positively associated with perceived social support, psychological flexibility and subjective well-being but negatively correlated with job stress. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that age, job stress, psychological flexibility and subjective well-being were significantly correlated with work engagement, though perceived social support was not, all of those psychological variables together explained 34.7% of the variance in work engagement. CONCLUSIONS Dental nurses in China had an acceptable level of work engagement in terms of vigour, dedication and absorption. Increased job stress resulted in lower work engagement. Nurses who had higher levels of perceived social support, psychological flexibility and subjective well-being also had higher work engagement. It is necessary to understand the job stress of nurses, strengthen nurses' social support, relieve nurses' job stress, improve nurses' psychological flexibility and subjective well-being, which will improve nurses' work engagement levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- Department of Nursing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqin Gao
- Department of Nursing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xun
- Department of Nursing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110002, People's Republic of China
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Beattie KL, Hill A, Horswill MS, Grove PM, Stevenson ARL. Aptitude and attitude: predictors of performance during and after basic laparoscopic skills training. Surg Endosc 2021; 36:3467-3479. [PMID: 34370121 PMCID: PMC8351236 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Manual dexterity and visual-spatial ability are considered key to the development of superior laparoscopic skills. Nevertheless, these abilities do not reliably explain all the variance found in the technical performance of surgical trainees. Consequently, we must look beyond these abilities to improve our understanding of laparoscopic skills and to better identify/develop surgical potential earlier on. Purpose To assess the individual and collective impact of physical, cognitive, visual, and psychological variables on performance during and after basic simulation-based laparoscopic skills training. Method Thirty-four medical students (laparoscopic novices) completed a proficiency-based laparoscopic skills training program (using either a 2D or 3D viewing mode). This was followed by one testing session, a follow-up testing session with new (yet similar) tasks, and a series of physical, cognitive, visual, and psychological measures. Results The statistical models that best predicted variance in training performance metrics included four variables: viewingmode (2D vs 3D), psychologicalflexibility, perceivedtaskdemands, and manualdexterity (bimanual). In subsequent testing, a model that included viewingmode and manualdexterity (assembly) best predicted performance on the pre-practiced tasks. However, for a highly novel, spatially complex laparoscopic task, performance was best predicted by a model that comprised viewingmode, visual-spatialability, and perceivedtaskdemands. At follow-up, manualdexterity (assembly) alone was the best predictor of performance on new (yet similar) tasks. Conclusion By focussing exclusively on physical/cognitive abilities, we may overlook other important predictors of surgical performance (e.g. psychological variables). The present findings suggest that laparoscopic performance may be more accurately explained through the combined effects of physical, cognitive, visual, and psychological variables. Further, the results suggest that the predictors may change with both task demands and the development of the trainee. This study highlights the key role of psychological skills in overcoming initial training challenges, with far-reaching implications for practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L Beattie
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Andrew Hill
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Clinical Skills Development Service, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
- Minerals Industry Safety and Health Centre, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark S Horswill
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip M Grove
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew R L Stevenson
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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20
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Koppert TY, Jacobs JWG, Geenen R. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Dutch people with and without an inflammatory rheumatic disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3709-3715. [PMID: 33313870 PMCID: PMC7798513 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with and without an inflammatory rheumatic disease and establish whether psychological flexibility buffers this impact. METHODS From online surveys in the general Dutch population in 2018 and during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, we analysed data of people with (index group, n = 239) and without (control group, n = 1821) an inflammatory rheumatic disease. Worry, stress, mental well-being (SF-36) and psychological flexibility levels were subjected to covariate-adjusted analyses of variance or linear regression analyses. RESULTS During the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, as compared with the control group, the index group was more worried about getting infected with the virus (partial η2=0.098; medium effect) and more stressed (partial η2=0.040; small effect). However, as compared with data acquired in 2018, the level of mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic peak was not lower in both groups. Levels of psychological flexibility did not moderate associations of group or year with mental well-being. CONCLUSIONS Although patients with an inflammatory rheumatic disease were more worried and stressed during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, their level of mental well-being was not reduced, which may have prevented us from finding a buffering effect of psychological flexibility. Overall, our results suggest that the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease is modest, which could imply that common education and health care will do for most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Y Koppert
- Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W G Jacobs
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rinie Geenen
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Lauro A, Marino IR, D'Andrea V, Cervellera M, Tonini V. Letter to the Editor: The Overnight Successful Change of a Facility into a COVID-19 Center During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Popul Health Manag 2021; 24:748-749. [PMID: 34342511 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2021.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Lauro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ignazio R Marino
- Department for Transplant Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vito D'Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cervellera
- Department for Surgery, General Surgery, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Taranto, Italy
| | - Valeria Tonini
- Emergency Surgery Unit, Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Montaner X, Tárrega S, Moix J. [Psychological flexibility, burnout and job satisfaction in dementia care workers]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2021; 56:144-151. [PMID: 33608164 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical complexity of dementia, its physical burden, and the potential assaults associated with psychological and behavioral symptoms, could put healthcare workers working with dementia at high risk of burnout. Certain attitudes toward dementia and certain coping styles may be a protective factor against the stress experienced by these workers. On the other hand, it has been shown that a coping style based on psychological flexibility can prevent the development of burnout in the workplace. The present study analyzes the relationship between levels of burnout, psychological flexibility, attitudes towards dementia and life satisfaction in a sample of healthcare workers who work with people affected by dementia. METHODS A sample of 105 healthcare workers from the Ricard Fortuny Social Hospital was recruited (day hospital, hospitalization unit, and nursing home), and psychological flexibility (AAQII), burnout levels (MBI), life satisfaction (SWL), anxiety (STAI-R), and attitudes towards dementia (EAD) were assessed. RESULTS Psychological inflexiblility showed a positive relationship with 2 dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion [r=.342, P<.01]; depersonalization [r=.328, P<.01]), and with anxiety (r=.723, P<.01), and also showed a negative relation with life satisfaction (r=-.485, P<.01) and affect attitude (r=-.209); p<.05). It was also found a negative relation between rejection attitude with emotional exhaustion (r=-.328, P<.01) and with depersonalization (r=-.328; P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Those participants with greater psychological flexibility, in addition to feel more satisfaction with life, were found to be less likely to feel emotionally exhausted, to depersonalize patients with dementia, and felt more affection for them. On the other hand, no relationship was found between Burnout levels and the cognitive dimension of Attitudes towards dementia (the worker's knowledge of dementia). The results have significant implications regarding the type of training that is given to healthcare workers who work with people affected by dementia. Psychoeducational interventions promoting the psychological flexibility could help to reduce the risk of burnout in healthcare workers who work with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Montaner
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i de l'Educació, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, España; Consorci Sociosanitari Ricard Fortuny, Vilafranca del Penedès, España.
| | - Salomé Tárrega
- Facultat de ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Manresa. España; Estudis de Psicologia i Ciències de l'Educació, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, España
| | - Jenny Moix
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i de l'Educació, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, España
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Mallik D, Kaplan J, Somohano V, Bergman A, Bowen S. Examining the Role of Craving, Mindfulness, and Psychological Flexibility in a Sample of Individuals with Substance Use Disorder. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:782-786. [PMID: 33769196 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1899220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) continues to represent a significant public health crisis in the United States. Purpose: Novel and effective treatments are needed, and third wave behavioral approaches focused on increasing mindfulness and psychological flexibility appear promising. However, the unique and shared impact of mindfulness and psychological flexibility on substance craving is not well understood. Methods: The current study explores how mindfulness and psychological flexibility predict substance craving while controlling for severity of substance dependence in a sample (N = 284) of treatment-seeking adults with SUD. Results and Discussion: Results suggest that mindfulness and psychological flexibility each account for unique variance in substance craving over and above the other. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debesh Mallik
- Pacific University, School of Graduate Psychology, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - Josh Kaplan
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Vanessa Somohano
- Veterans Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Aaron Bergman
- Pacific University, School of Graduate Psychology, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Bowen
- Pacific University, School of Graduate Psychology, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
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YENİÇERİ FE, BUDAK M. Sağlıklı Genç Bireylerde Kognitif Görevle Yapılan Egzersizlerin Kognitif Fonksiyonlara, Duygu Durumuna ve Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.753667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Landi G, Pakenham KI, Boccolini G, Grandi S, Tossani E. Health Anxiety and Mental Health Outcome During COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy: The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Psychological Flexibility. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2195. [PMID: 32982888 PMCID: PMC7488226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 emergency has severely affected the Italian population. During a pandemic, those with high health anxiety are at risk of adverse mental health outcomes, including peritraumatic distress and mood disturbance. No prior research has explored the role of psychological flexibility in protecting people at high risk of poorer mental health impacts due to health anxiety during a pandemic. Psychological flexibility is the cornerstone of psychological health and resiliency. According to acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), it involves behaving consistently with one's chosen values even in the presence of emotional and mental discomfort. This study examined the mediating and moderating roles of psychological flexibility in the link between trait health anxiety and three mental health outcomes: COVID-19 peritraumatic distress, anxiety, and depression. We hypothesized that higher psychological flexibility would decrease the negative impacts of trait health anxiety on mental health outcomes. During the mandatory national lockdown (M = 35.70 days, SD = 8.41), 944 Italian adults (75.5% female, M = 38.86 years, SD = 13.20) completed an online survey consisting of standardized measures of psychological flexibility, trait health anxiety, COVID-19 distress, anxiety, and depression. Results indicated that psychological flexibility did not moderate the link between trait health anxiety and mental health outcomes. Rather, greater psychological flexibility mediated decreases in the adverse effects of trait health anxiety on COVID-19 distress, anxiety, and depression. In particular, two psychological flexibility processes, observing unhelpful thoughts rather than taking them literally (defusion) and values-based action (committed action), mediated decreases in the negative effects of trait health anxiety on all mental health outcomes. In contrast, the psychological flexibility process acceptance, which involves openness to inner discomfort, mediated increases in negative mental health outcomes. Overall, the combination of these processes mitigated the detrimental impacts of trait health anxiety on mental health during the emergency mandatory COVID-19 nationwide lockdown. Consistent with the ACT conceptualization of psychological flexibility, findings suggest embracing (rather than avoiding) inner discomfort and observing associated unhelpful thoughts, while also engaging in values-based action, increases resilience during adversity. Evidenced-based large-scale online public health interventions that target psychological flexibility in those experiencing health anxiety in the context of a pandemic are urgently needed. Many empirically-based ACT interventions are suited for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Landi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Kenneth I. Pakenham
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Giada Boccolini
- Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Silvana Grandi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Eliana Tossani
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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Roycroft M, Wilkes D, Pattani S, Fleming S, Olsson-Brown A. Limiting moral injury in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Occup Med (Lond) 2020; 70:312-314. [PMID: 32428213 PMCID: PMC7313795 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Roycroft
- Academy of Medical Royal Colleges Trainee Doctors' Group, London, UK
| | - Daniel Wilkes
- Academy of Medical Royal Colleges Trainee Doctors' Group, London, UK
| | - Shriti Pattani
- NHS Health at Work Network, Occupational Health Department, London North West University Hospitals NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Simon Fleming
- Academy of Medical Royal Colleges Trainee Doctors' Group, London, UK
| | - Anna Olsson-Brown
- Academy of Medical Royal Colleges Trainee Doctors' Group, London, UK
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Ng SM, Lo HHM, Yeung A, Young D, Fung MHY, Wang AM. Study Protocol of Brief Daily Body-Mind-Spirit Practice for Sustainable Emotional Capacity and Work Engagement for Community Mental Health Workers: A Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1482. [PMID: 32670170 PMCID: PMC7332841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Given the emotional demanding nature of social services, we developed a brief daily body-mind-spirit (BMS) program and successfully piloted it with workers at elderly services. The proposed study focuses on community mental health workers who are often under chronic stress and vulnerable to burnout. Methods The study aims to evaluate the program for fostering sustainable emotional capacity and work engagement for community mental health workers. A multi-site randomized controlled trial design is adopted. All the 24 the Integrated Community Centre for Mental Wellness (ICCMW of Hong Kong will be approached to join this program. Assuming conservatively, 60% ICCWM (14 centers) will respond and participate. At each site, a pair of intervention and control groups will be run. The targeted total sample size is 224. To investigate the course of changes in burnout and engagement, each group will last 6 months, including 3-month intervention and 3-month follow-up. Measures will be taken at monthly intervals. Discussion In light of literature and the pilot trial’s findings, participants in the Brief Daily BMS intervention group are expected to have a reduced burnout level and a narrowing of range in work engagement during the 3 months intervention. And within the 3 months post-intervention period, a rebound of burnout level and a widening of range in work engagement are expected to be observed in the same group of participants. Hopefully, this study will contribute to the deeper understanding of burnout and work engagement, and shed light on sustainable intervention for emotionally demanding workplaces. Clinical Trial Registration The trial has been registered in the Clinical Trials Centre of the University of Hong Kong. HKUCTR-2763 Registered 27 December 2019 – Retrospectively registered, http://www.hkuctr.com/Study/Show/eb930d24e2c647afb7a922055163f24b.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ng
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Herman H M Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Albert Yeung
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Young
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Melody H Y Fung
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Amenda M Wang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Relationship between Psychological Capital and Quality of Life: The Role of Courage. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12135238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life is a multidimensional concept, a construct influenced by objective and subjective factors that include the evaluation of functional, physical, social, and emotional aspects of the person. The recent contributions of positive psychology present the quality of life as a fundamental indicator for health promotion and prevention strategies. In the recent psychological studies about this topic, courage demonstrated to positively affect several work behavioral outcomes, personal identity, and prosocial actions. Courage promotes change, innovation, and coping skills to achieve aims, and it correlates positively with many individual resources. The aim of the study was to investigate, according to the positive psychology approach, the relationships between psychological capital and two dimensions of quality of life—life satisfaction and flourishing—with particular attention to the mediation function performed by courage. The research was attended by a convenience sample of 807 Italian workers, balanced by gender, belonging to public, private, and non-profit organizations, and recruited on a voluntary basis. Participants responded to a structured online questionnaire containing the following measures: Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Courage Measure, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Flourishing Scale. Cronbach’s alpha on each scale showed very good internal consistency. The collected data were analyzed according to a model of linear structural equations. In the first step, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the model fit of the measurement model; in the second step, we verified the mediation hypothesis through Process v.3.1. Finally, the correlations were implemented using SPSS 20.0. The results showed that, in general, psychological capital predicts life satisfaction and flourishing, with an indirect mediation effect of courage only on flourishing. Two main conclusions emerged from the study: flourishing and life satisfaction are representative indicators of the quality of life; courage emerges as an important psychological resource that supports the individual to face and manage the uncertainties of the risk society.
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Ramaci T, Rapisarda V, Bellini D, Mucci N, De Giorgio A, Barattucci M. Mindfulness as a Protective Factor for Dissatisfaction in HCWs: The Moderating Role of Mindful Attention between Climate Stress and Job Satisfaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113818. [PMID: 32481543 PMCID: PMC7312809 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of investigating the possible moderating effect of job control and dispositional mindfulness between different sources of organizational stress and job satisfaction, a correlational study was designed involving health care workers (HCWs). The following questionnaires were administered and completed by 237 HCWs: (1) Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI), to measure the sources of stress at work (managerial role, climate power, climate structure, internal relationships), and job satisfaction; (2) Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) to assess the individual’s level of attention to what is taking place in the present; (3) Job Control Scale (JCS) to assess the perceived control at work. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the hypothesized relationships between variables; the results showed that, between the different sources of stress, the organizational climate dimension was negatively associated with job satisfaction; moreover, mindfulness attention moderated the relationship between climate stress and job satisfaction; unexpectedly, the interaction between job control and the organizational climate dimension was not significant in affecting job satisfaction. This study can provide useful information for Human Resources Management (HRM) practices regarding job and mental control interventions and empowerment, and possibly offer a new interpretation of the role of attention to what is happening in the present moment and autonomy between climate stressors and occupational satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ramaci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy;
| | - Diego Bellini
- Department of Business Economy, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Nicola Mucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Andrea De Giorgio
- Faculty of Psychology, e-Campus University, 22060 Novedrate (CO), Italy; (A.D.G.); (M.B.)
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30
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Abstract
The COVID-19 emergency has significantly transformed the working environment and job demands. Providing care was emotionally difficult for healthcare workers. Uncertainty, stigmatisation, and potentially exposing their families to infection were prominent themes for healthcare workers (HCWs) during the crisis, which first broke out in China at the end of 2019, and then in Italy in early 2020. This study examined the effects of stigma, job demands, and self-esteem, and the consequences of working as a “frontline care provider” with patients infected with the coronavirus (COVID-19). A correlational design study involved 260 healthcare workers (HCWs) working in a large hospital in southern Italy. The following questionnaires were administered: (1) the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), for assessing psychological and physical demands; (2) the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) to measure the quality individuals feel in relation to their work as “frontline care providers”, through three dimensions: compassion fatigue (CF), burnout (BO), and compassion satisfaction (CS); (3) the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, for evaluating individual self-esteem; (4) a self-administered multiple-choice questionnaire developed by See et al. about attitudes of discrimination, acceptance, and fear towards HCWs exposed to COVID-19. The findings suggest that stigma has a high impact on workers’ outcomes. Stigma may influence worker compliance and can guide management communication strategies relating to pandemic risk for HCWs.
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31
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Pellerone M, Rapisarda V, Trischitta MCA, Vitale E, Ramaci T. Burnout and Self-Perceived Instructional Competence: An Exploratory Study of a Group of Italian Female Elementary School Teachers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1356. [PMID: 32093156 PMCID: PMC7068246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the first half of the 1980s, burnout in teachers has been the object of particular attention by many international authors. Teachers are subject, more than other professions, to numerous and heavy pressures, covering the peculiarity of the profession. The objectives of the present research are to measure the predictive role of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment on the quality of teaching in a group of elementary school teachers. We carried out a cross-sectional study involving 324 Sicilian female teachers, who worked in three school orders: Kindergarten, primary school, and the first year of middle school. Participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the assessment teaching scale for primary school teachers (ECAD-EP), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). In reference to the level of burnout, the correlation analysis underlined the presence of a positive correlation between: Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; and a negative correlation between exhaustion and depersonalization. Furthermore, a predictive role of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment on the quality of teaching in a group of primary school teachers was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pellerone
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Enna “Kore”, CAP 94100 Enna (EN), Italy; (M.C.A.T.); (T.R.)
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, CAP 95131 Catania (CT), Italy;
| | | | - Ermanno Vitale
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, CAP 95131 Catania (CT), Italy;
| | - Tiziana Ramaci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Enna “Kore”, CAP 94100 Enna (EN), Italy; (M.C.A.T.); (T.R.)
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Ramaci T, Barattucci M, Vella F, Senia P, Cannizzaro E, Scorciapino A, Ledda C, De Giorgio A, Rapisarda V. Straining at Work and Its Relationship with Personality Profiles and Individual Consequences in Healthcare Workers (HCWs). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E610. [PMID: 31963612 PMCID: PMC7027001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Straining is an attenuated form of mobbing, in which the continuity of vexatious actions is not driven by a discriminatory intent. With the objective of testing the possible moderating role of personality in the relationship between perceptions about straining at work and individual consequences, a correlational design research involved 374 healthcare workers (HCWs) from two Italian hospitals. The following questionnaires were administered: (1) Short Negative Acts Questionnaire (S-NAQ), to assess discriminative actions at work); (2) the Italian version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-10 scale), to assess personality factors; (3) Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI), to measure psychological and physical health. Regression analysis and Structural Equation Models (SEM) were computed in order to test the relationships between variables. Perceived straining showed significant correlations with both psychological and physical health. Conscientiousness was inversely proportional to work-related bullying (WB), as agreeableness was to personal bullying (PB). Emotional stability was negatively correlated with all the three component scales of S-NAQ: WB, PB, and social bullying. The results seem to confirm that straining perceptions especially elicit, through emotional stability, psychological consequences. As regards the role of emotional stability in risk perceptions, it seems management has to pay thorough attention to personal factors in organizational perceptions and to straining actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ramaci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | | | - Francesca Vella
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (P.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Paola Senia
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (P.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Emanuele Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care “Giuseppe D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Scorciapino
- Department of Prevention, Area of Protection and Safety in the Workplace, Provincial Health Authority, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (P.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Andrea De Giorgio
- Faculty of Psychology, e-Campus University, 22060 Novedrate (CO), Italy; (M.B.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (P.S.); (V.R.)
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Mindfulness-Based IARA Model ® Proves Effective to Reduce Stress and Anxiety in Health Care Professionals. A Six-Month Follow-Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224421. [PMID: 31718087 PMCID: PMC6888054 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the health care environment, together with specific work-related stressors and the consequences on workers’ health and performance, have led to the implementation of prevention strategies. Among the different approaches, those which are mindfulness-based have been institutionally recommended with an indication provided as to their effectiveness in the management of stress. The aim of the present study was to analyze the efficacy of the mindfulness-based IARA Model® (an Italian acronym translatable into meeting, compliance, responsibility, autonomy) in order to ameliorate perceived stress, anxiety and enhance emotional regulation among health care professionals (HCPs; i.e., doctors, nurses, and healthcare assistants). Four hundred and ninety-seven HCPs, 215 (57.2%) of which were women, were randomly assigned to a mindfulness-based training or control group and agreed to complete questionnaires on emotion regulation difficulties (DERS), anxiety, and perceived stress. Results showed that HCPs who attended the IARA training, compared to the control group, had better emotional regulation, anxiety and stress indices after 6 months from the end of the intervention. Furthermore, the results confirmed the positive relationship between emotional regulation, perceived stress and anxiety. The present study contributes to literature by extending the effectiveness of IARA in improving emotional regulation and well-being in non-clinical samples. Moreover, the study provides support for the idea that some specific emotional regulation processes can be implicated in perceived stress and anxiety. From the application point of view, companies should invest more in stress management intervention, monitoring and training, in order to develop worker skills, emotional self-awareness, and relational resources.
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