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Godara M, Hecht M, Singer T. Training-related improvements in mental well-being through reduction in negative interpretation bias: A randomized trial of online socio-emotional dyadic and mindfulness interventions. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:662-672. [PMID: 38484880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of online contemplative practices, especially partner-based practices, on psychological well-being remain mixed, with sparse understanding of potential affective-cognitive mechanisms. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of two online contemplative interventions in improving depression, anxiety, emotion regulation (ER), and resilience, and to evaluate the mechanistic role of negative attention and interpretation biases. METHODS Employing a randomized controlled design (n = 285), we compared the efficacy of 10-week online mindfulness-based and partner-based socio-emotional dyadic interventions, both supported by weekly coaching sessions. Mental health aspects were assessed using validated self-report measures and negative biases using the mouse-contingent Scrambled Sentences Task. RESULTS Both interventions, compared to waitlist control, led to reductions in depression and ER difficulties, while trait anxiety decreased only after mindfulness training. Increases in multidimensional resilience were observed only after socio-emotional training and in stress recovery only after mindfulness-based training, both compared to waitlist control. Socio-emotional training led to significant reductions in negative interpretation bias and this mediated reductions in depression and trait anxiety. Neither training led to reductions in state anxiety or negative attention bias. LIMITATIONS The subclinical nature and overrepresentation of females in the sample limits generalizability. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that online mindfulness-based and socio-emotional partner-based interventions, supported by online coaching sessions, can reduce depression and ER difficulties. Though mindfulness practice reduced trait anxiety and enhanced stress recovery, socio-emotional training increased multidimensional resilience. Socio-emotional training reduced negative interpretation bias, which emerged as an intervention-specific mechanism. These findings highlight the potential benefits of online contemplative intervention approaches for psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Hecht
- Department of Psychology, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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Schowe AM, Godara M, Czamara D, Adli M, Singer T, Binder EB. Genetic predisposition for negative affect predicts mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01795-y. [PMID: 38587666 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was accompanied by an increase in mental health challenges including depression, stress, loneliness, and anxiety. Common genetic variants can contribute to the risk for psychiatric disorders and may present a risk factor in times of crises. However, it is unclear to what extent polygenic risk played a role in the mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we investigate whether polygenic scores (PGSs) for mental health-related traits can distinguish between four resilience-vulnerability trajectories identified during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns in 2020/21. We used multinomial regression in a genotyped subsample (n = 1316) of the CovSocial project. The most resilient trajectory characterized by the lowest mental health burden and the highest recovery rates served as the reference group. Compared to this most resilient trajectory, a higher value on the PGS for the well-being spectrum decreased the odds for individuals to be in one of the more vulnerable trajectories (adjusted R-square = 0.3%). Conversely, a higher value on the PGS for neuroticism increased the odds for individuals to be in one of the more vulnerable trajectories (adjusted R-square = 0.2%). Latent change in mental health burden extracted from the resilience-vulnerability trajectories was not associated with any PGS. Although our findings support an influence of PGS on mental health during COVID-19, the small added explained variance suggests limited utility of such genetic markers for the identification of vulnerable individuals in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Schowe
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Malvika Godara
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, 10557, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Mazda Adli
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, 10557, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Silveira S, Godara M, Faschinger A, Singer T. Reducing alexithymia and increasing interoceptive awareness: A randomized controlled trial comparing mindfulness with dyadic socio-emotional app-based practice. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:162-169. [PMID: 37598721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion processing deficits of alexithymia are a transdiagnostic risk factor. While such deficits are malleable, the differential efficacy of brief scalable digital mental trainings remains understudied. METHODS This randomized controlled trial probed the efficacy of mindfulness-based (MB) and partner-based socio-emotional Affect Dyad (SE) practice, both supported by weekly coaching sessions, in reducing alexithymia in 285 adult participants. We investigated the predictive role of interoceptive awareness assessed a) before and after daily practice, b) in ecological momentary assessment (EMA) before and after the intervention, and c) weekly during the 10-week intervention. RESULTS Both interventions reduced emotion processing difficulties on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Similarly, both interventions improved interoceptive awareness immediately after daily practice and after the intervention period, yet SE outperformed MB training in EMA assessments. Further, only Dyad practice led to increases in body listening and self-regulatory aspects of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) over time, with the latter explaining a decrease in alexithymia. LIMITATIONS Given the subclinical study sample, findings are limited in their generalizability to clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that app-based socio-emotional and mindfulness-based practices, supported by online coaching sessions, are effective in reducing emotion processing deficits. Dyad training showed advantages on some measures of body awareness, which predicted observed changes in alexithymia. This highlights the potential of using app-based dyadic approaches in the development of emotion awareness and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Silveira
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Malvika Godara
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Faschinger
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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Petzold P, Silveira S, Godara M, Matthaeus H, Singer T. A randomized trial on differential changes in thought and affect after mindfulness versus dyadic practice indicates phenomenological fingerprints of app-based interventions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13843. [PMID: 37620349 PMCID: PMC10449800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemplative practice has demonstrated benefits for mental health and well-being. Most previous studies, however, implemented in-person trainings containing a mix of different, mostly solitary, practices and focused on pre- to post-training outcomes. In this randomized trial, we explore the immediate differential efficacy of two daily app-delivered practices in shifting emotional (valence, arousal) and thinking patterns (thought content on future-past, self-other, positive-negative dimensions). For 10 weeks of daily training, 212 participants (18-65 years) performed either a novel 12-min partner-based socio-emotional practice (Affect Dyad) or a 12-min attention-focused solitary mindfulness-based practice. Using ordinal Bayesian multilevel modeling, we found that both practice types led to more positive affect and higher arousal. However, whereas mindfulness-based practice partly led to a decrease in active thoughts, particularly in future-, other-related and negative thoughts, the Dyad in contrast led to increases in other-related, and positive thoughts. This shift towards more social and positive thoughts may specifically support overcoming ruminative thinking patterns associated with self-related and negative thought content. Overall, these differential findings may help inform the adaptation of scalable app-based mental trainings in different segments of the population with the goal to improve mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Petzold
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarita Silveira
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Malvika Godara
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Matthaeus
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557, Berlin, Germany
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Godara M, Sanchez-Lopez A, De Raedt R. The contextual goal dependent attentional flexibility (CoGoDAF) framework: A new approach to attention bias in depression. Behav Res Ther 2023; 167:104354. [PMID: 37343329 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Successful adaptation to the environment requires attentional prioritization of emotional information relevant to the current situational demands. Accordingly, the presence of an attention bias (AB) for both positive and negative information may allow preferential processing of stimuli in line with the current situational goals. However, AB for negative information sometimes becomes maladaptive, being antithetical to the current adaptive needs and goals of an individual, such as in the case of affective disorders such as depression. Although difficulties in flexible shifting between emotional stimuli in depression have increasingly become a topic of discussion in the field, an integrative approach towards biased versus flexible emotional attentional processes remains absent. In the present paper, we advance a novel and integrative view of conceptualizing potentially aberrant affective attention patterns in depression as a function of the current contextual features. We propose that flexible emotional attention takes place as a result of attention prioritization towards goal-relevant emotional stimuli depending upon the current context of the individual. Specifically, the roles of context, distal and proximal goals, and approach and avoidance motivation processes are considered in a unified manner. The empirical, clinical, and interventional implications of this integrative framework provide a roadmap for future psychological and neurobiological experimental and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Department of Experimental Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | | | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Silveira S, Godara M, Singer T. Boosting Empathy and Compassion Through Mindfulness-Based and Socioemotional Dyadic Practice: Randomized Controlled Trial With App-Delivered Trainings. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e45027. [PMID: 37494106 PMCID: PMC10413229 DOI: 10.2196/45027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemplative trainings have been found to effectively improve social skills such as empathy and compassion. However, there is a lack of research on the efficacy of app-delivered mindfulness-based and dyadic practices in boosting socioaffective capacity. OBJECTIVE The first aim of this study was to compare a novel app-delivered, partner-based socioemotional intervention (Affect Dyad) with mindfulness-based training to foster empathy and compassion for the self or others. The second aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of these effects. METHODS This randomized controlled trial included socioemotional and mindfulness-based interventions and a waitlist control group, which received socioemotional training after the postintervention assessment. We used linear mixed-effects models to test intervention effects on self-report measures and an ecologically valid computer task of empathy, compassion for the self and others, and theory of mind. Moderated mediation models were used to investigate whether changes in acceptance, empathic distress, empathic listening, interoceptive awareness, and mindfulness served as underlying psychological processes of intervention effects. RESULTS In 218 participants (mean age 44.12, SD 11.71 years; 160/218, 73.4% female), we found all interventions to have positive effects on composite scores for compassion toward the self (βsocioemotional=.44, P<.001; βwaitlist socioemotional=.30, P=.002; βmindfulness-based=.35, P<.001) and others (βsocioemotional=.24, P=.003; βwaitlist socioemotional=.35, P<.001; βmindfulness-based=.29, P<.001). Compassion measured with the computer task did not change significantly but showed a trend toward increase only in socioemotional dyadic practice (βsocioemotional=.08, P=.08; βwaitlist socioemotional=.11, P=.06). Similarly, on the empathic concern subscale of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, a nonsignificant trend toward increase was found in the socioemotional intervention group (βsocioemotional=.17; P=.08). Empathy significantly increased in both socioemotional groups (βsocioemotional=.16, P=.03; βwaitlist socioemotional=.35, P<.001) and the mindfulness-based group (βmindfulness-based=.15; P=.04). The measures of theory of mind did not change over time. In the mindfulness-based group, the increase in self-compassion was mediated by a decrease in empathic distress (indirect effect abmindfulness-based=0.07, 95% CI 0.02-0.14). In the socioemotional group, an increase in self-compassion could be predicted by an increase in acceptance (βsocioemotional=6.63, 95% CI 0.52-12.38). CONCLUSIONS Using a multimethod approach, this study shows that app-delivered socioemotional and mindfulness-based trainings are effective in fostering compassion for the self and others in self-report. Both low-dose trainings could boost behavioral empathy markers; however, the effects on behavioral and dispositional markers of compassion only trended after dyadic practice, yet these effects did not reach statistical significance. Training-related increases in self-compassion rely on differential psychological processes, that is, on improved empathic distress regulation through mindfulness-based training and the activation of a human care- and acceptance-based system through socioemotional dyadic training. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04889508; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04889508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Silveira
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malvika Godara
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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Godara M, Everaert J, Sanchez-Lopez A, Joormann J, De Raedt R. Interplay between uncertainty intolerance, emotion regulation, cognitive flexibility, and psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-wave study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9854. [PMID: 37330557 PMCID: PMC10276821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a significant mental health burden on the global population. Studies during the pandemic have shown that risk factors such as intolerance of uncertainty and maladaptive emotion regulation are associated with increased psychopathology. Meanwhile, protective factors such as cognitive control and cognitive flexibility have been shown to protect mental health during the pandemic. However, the potential pathways through which these risk and protective factors function to impact mental health during the pandemic remain unclear. In the present multi-wave study, 304 individuals (18 years or older, 191 Males), residing in the USA during data collection, completed weekly online assessments of validated questionnaires across a period of five weeks (27th March 2020-1st May 2020). Mediation analyses revealed that longitudinal changes in emotion regulation difficulties mediated the effect of increases in intolerance of uncertainty on increases in stress, depression, and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, individual differences in cognitive control and flexibility moderated the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation difficulties. While intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation difficulties emerged as risk factors for mental health, cognitive control and flexibility seems to protect against the negative effects of the pandemic and promote stress resilience. Interventions aimed at enhancing cognitive control and flexibility might promote the protection of mental health in similar global crises in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Department of Experimental, Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jonas Everaert
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental, Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Godara M, Rademacher J, Hecht M, Silveira S, Voelkle MC, Singer T. Heterogeneous Mental Health Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: An Examination of Long-Term Trajectories, Risk Factors, and Vulnerable Groups. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091305. [PMID: 37174848 PMCID: PMC10177770 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abundant studies have examined mental health in the early periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, empirical work examining the mental health impact of the pandemic's subsequent phases remains limited. In the present study, we investigated how mental vulnerability and resilience evolved over the various phases of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021 in Germany. Data were collected (n = 3522) across seven measurement occasions using validated and self-generated measures of vulnerability and resilience. We found evidence for an immediate increase in vulnerability during the first lockdown in Germany, a trend towards recovery when lockdown measures were eased, and an increase in vulnerability with each passing month of the second lockdown. Four different latent trajectories of resilience-vulnerability emerged, with the majority of participants displaying a rather resilient trajectory, but nearly 30% of the sample fell into the more vulnerable groups. Females, younger individuals, those with a history of psychiatric disorders, lower income groups, and those with high trait vulnerability and low trait social belonging were more likely to exhibit trajectories associated with poorer mental well-being. Our findings indicate that resilience-vulnerability responses in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic may have been more complex than previously thought, identifying risk groups that could benefit from greater support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, 10557 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hecht
- Department of Psychology, Helmut Schmidt University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarita Silveira
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, 10557 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel C Voelkle
- Institute of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, 10557 Berlin, Germany
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Martin-Garcia O, De Raedt R, Godara M, Ottaviani C, Sanchez-Lopez A. Individual differences in motivational self-focus modulate context-based affective attention flexibility toward goal-relevant information: An eye-tracking study. Learning and Motivation 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2022.101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Godara M, Silveira S, Matthäus H, Heim C, Voelkle M, Hecht M, Binder EB, Singer T. Investigating differential effects of socio-emotional and mindfulness-based online interventions on mental health, resilience and social capacities during the COVID-19 pandemic: The study protocol. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256323. [PMID: 34735441 PMCID: PMC8568275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to a mental health crisis on a global scale. Epidemiological studies have reported a drastic increase in mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, increased loneliness and feelings of disconnectedness from others, while resilience levels have been negatively affected, indicating an urgent need for intervention. The current study is embedded within the larger CovSocial project which sought to evaluate longitudinal changes in vulnerability, resilience and social cohesion during the pandemic. The current second phase will investigate the efficacy of brief online mental training interventions in reducing mental health problems, and enhancing psychological resilience and social capacities. It further provides a unique opportunity for the prediction of intervention effects by individual biopsychosocial characteristics and preceding longitudinal change patterns during the pandemic in 2020/21. METHODS We will examine the differential effects of a socio-emotional (including 'Affect Dyad') and a mindfulness-based (including 'Breathing Meditation') intervention, delivered through a web- and cellphone application. Participants will undergo 10 weeks of intervention, and will be compared to a retest control group. The effectiveness of the interventions will be evaluated in a community sample (N = 300), which is recruited from the original longitudinal CovSocial sample. The pre- to post-intervention changes, potential underlying mechanisms, and prediction thereof, will be assessed on a wide range of outcomes: levels of stress, loneliness, depression and anxiety, resilience, prosocial behavior, empathy, compassion, and the impact on neuroendocrine, immunological and epigenetic markers. The multi-method nature of the study will incorporate self-report questionnaires, behavioral tasks, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approaches, and biological, hormonal and epigenetic markers assessed in saliva. DISCUSSION Results will reveal the differential effectiveness of two brief online interventions in improving mental health outcomes, as well as enhancing social capacities and resilience. The present study will serve as a first step for future application of scalable, low-cost interventions at a broader level to reduce stress and loneliness, improve mental health and build resilience and social capacities in the face of global stressors. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial has been registered on May 17, 2020 with the ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04889508 registration number (clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04889508).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarita Silveira
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Matthäus
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of the Free University of Berlin and Humboldt University of Berlin, Institute for Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Voelkle
- Institute of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Hecht
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department for Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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Godara M, Sanchez-Lopez A, De Raedt R. Contextual goal-dependent attention flexibility or rule-based learning? An investigation of a new attention flexibility paradigm. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2021; 71:101632. [PMID: 33249380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Deficits in the ability to process contextual changes have been proposed to be crucial for emotion dysregulation. A recent study found evidence for the role of contextual changes in exacerbating attention switching towards valence-specific goals using a novel attention flexibility paradigm. Despite the task indicating good reliability, the role of rule-based learning has not been clarified in this paradigm. Therefore, we examined whether the novel attention flexibility task is an index of context-based attention switching or does it reflect impact of rule-based learning on attention. METHOD We employed a neutral version of the attention flexibility task. A sample of dysphoric and non-dysphoric participants were introduced to neutral contexts which required them to shift between neutral categories of pictures depending upon the cueing shape. RESULTS There was an existence of a switch cost for shifting between different rules owing to the features of the rules. Further, non-dysphorics were faster at set-shifting between different rules as compared to dysphoric individuals. However, unlike in the affective version of the attention flexibility task, we found no significant differences between dysphoric and non-dysphoric individuals in attention switching patterns owing to switching between different rules. LIMITATIONS Although the current study aimed to replicate the design of the previous study, a depressed patient sample must be employed to further clarify the different aspects of the attention flexibility paradigm. CONCLUSION Our findings were able to clarify the non-existent role of rule-based learning in the attention flexibility paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Department of Experimental, Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | | | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental, Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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12
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Godara M, Sanchez-Lopez A, Baeken C, De Raedt R. Looking for carrots, watching out for sticks: A gaze-contingent approach towards training contextual goal-dependent affective attention flexibility. Behav Res Ther 2021; 136:103787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Research has shown that temporary task goals capture more attention than negative, threatening cues, even in anxious individuals. In the current study, we investigated whether temporary task goals would also capture more attention than alcohol-related cues. In Experiment 1, 59 hazardous drinkers performed both a modified dot-probe and a flanker task in which temporary goal- and alcohol-relevant stimuli were presented together. Results of the dot-probe task confirmed an attentional bias towards goal-relevant stimuli in the presence of alcohol cues. This effect was absent in a modified flanker task, although there was a general slowing when the targets appeared on top of goal-relevant stimuli, suggesting that goal-related backgrounds captured more attention than alcohol backgrounds. In Experiment 2, we replicated the dot-probe procedure in 29 hazardous drinkers who had been exposed to a prime dose of alcohol prior to performing the task. Our findings indicate that temporary goal stimuli are more salient than alcohol cues, which might lead the way to novel clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Van Bockstaele
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Godara M, Sanchez-Lopez A, De Raedt R. Music to my ears, goal for my eyes? Music reward modulates gaze disengagement from negative stimuli in dysphoria. Behav Res Ther 2019; 120:103434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.103434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ranjan A, Lalchandani A, Singh V, Rai R, Senthilraj, Godara M, Kumar A, Singh P, Kumar A. Echocardiography in normotensive diabetic patients. Indian Heart J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2015.10.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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16
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Rai R, Lalchandani A, Singh V, Senthilraj, Godara M, Ranjan A, Kumar A, Singh P, Kumar A. Serum vitamin D level and carotid artery intima-media thickness in CVA infarct patients as a marker of atherosclerosis. Indian Heart J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2015.10.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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17
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Lalchandani A, Khan J, Varshney B, Godara M, Singh A, Midha T, Gupta N, Razi M, Agarwal M, Navin M, Raj S. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) versus dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Indian Heart J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2014.10.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Lalchandani A, Agarwal M, Verma S, Midha T, Godara M, Garg A, Singh P, Priyadarshi B, Naveen M, Razi, Abhishek P. Echocardiography as a basic criterion for diagnosis of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Indian Heart J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2014.10.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Lalchandani A, Singh AK, Paliwal P, Godara M, Naveen M, Midha T, Garg A, Singh A, Singh P. To study Troponin T levels and its significance in relation to mortality and morbidity in acute ischemic stroke. Indian Heart J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2014.10.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Singh NK, Godara M, Agrawal V. Rupture of non-coronary sinus of valsalva with infective endocarditis of naive tricuspid valve presenting with recurrent ill-sustained ventricular tachycardia. J Assoc Physicians India 2011; 59:184-186. [PMID: 21751635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis affecting the tricupid valve due to rupture of non-coronary sinus of Valsalva is distinctly rare. We are reporting such a rare case, presenting with recurrent ill sustained ventricular tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Singh
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU and Rajapuria Heart Hospital, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh
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Singh NK, Godara M, Kumar V, Singh MN, Agarwal A, Pandey LK, Usha. P43 Clinico-immunological profile and therapeutic outcome of 169 patients of primary and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(09)60061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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