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Akkari-Ghazouani H, Mkaouer B, Amara S, Jemni M, Chtara M. Effect of glissade-step on kinetic and kinematic variables of stag ring leaps with and without throw-catch of the ball in rhythmic gymnastics. Sports Biomech 2023; 22:222-234. [PMID: 35722746 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2087535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on certain characteristics of the jump take-offs in rhythmic gymnastics (RG). Rhythmic gymnasts always perform their jumps with the same preferred run-up technique, proceeded by a chassé-step in most of the cases. The overall idea was to analyse other step-techniques that could be performged on one-leg, which could prepare jumps. The aim of this study was to compare kinetic and kinematic variables between three-stag ring leaps with and without throwing-ball, performed using the glissade-step as a preparatory phase for take-off with one-leg these were as follows: glissade stag ring leap without-ball (GSWB), throw-ball glissade stag ring leap (TBGS) and glissade throw-ball stag ring leap (GTBS). Seven members of the Tunisian RG national team took part in this study. The technical elements were recorded in 2D using two-cameras on a specially designed floor carpet where a force-plate was integrated. The results showed that the three-leaps had significant impacts on the performance variables, especially on the force, the velocity and the flexibility. The GTBS was the most effective leap as the throw took place during the jump, which has increased its technicality and the applied physical variables, the vertical force, the rate of force development, the horizontal and vertical velocities and displacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Akkari-Ghazouani
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Individual Sports, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunisia
| | - B Mkaouer
- Department of Individual Sports, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunisia
| | - S Amara
- Department of Individual Sports, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunisia.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - M Jemni
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Hartpury University and Hartpury College, Gloucester UK
| | - M Chtara
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Individual Sports, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunisia
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Cardinali L, Curzi D, Maccarani E, Falcioni L, Campanella M, Ferrari D, Maulini C, Gallotta MC, Zimatore G, Baldari C, Guidetti L. Live Streaming vs. Pre-Recorded Training during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italian Rhythmic Gymnastics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16441. [PMID: 36554324 PMCID: PMC9778436 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak led to an inevitable and drastic transition to online training systems. This study aimed to analyze the differences between live-streaming and pre-recorded training modalities in rhythmic gymnastics (RG) with coaches and gymnasts of different technical levels. A total of 238 coaches and 277 athletes affiliated with the Italian Gymnastics Federation (FGI) participated in the study. The data collection tool was a self-collected questionnaire structured in three sections: participant's information, characteristics of live-streaming training, and characteristics of pre-recorded training. A 2 × 2 ANOVA was used for each numeric variable. A Pearson's chi-squared test was used for each categorical variable. For the athletes, training frequency, motivation, and efficacy were significantly higher (p < 0.05) with live streaming (3.7 ± 1.5 day/week, 3.8 ± 0.9 score and 3.8 ± 0.8 score, respectively) than with a pre-recorded modality (2.2 ± 1.7 day/week, 3.1 ± 1.2 score and 3.7 ± 0.9 score, respectively), while for coaches, significant differences (p < 0.005) were found between the two modalities only for training frequency (live streaming, 3.6 ± 1.8 days/week vs. pre-recorded, 2.1 ± 1.7 days/week). The adherence (number of No:Yes) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the live-streaming modality than for the pre-recorded modality in gold athletes (1:74 vs. 14:61, respectively), silver athletes (12:190 vs. 28:174, respectively), and gold coaches (3:63 vs. 11:55, respectively), but it was not for silver coaches. Physical preparation was performed significantly (p < 0.005) more often (number of No:Yes) for live streaming than for the pre-recorded modality by gold athletes (9:66 vs. 34:41, respectively), silver athletes (25:177 vs. 77:125, respectively), gold coaches (8:58 vs. 37:29), and silver coaches (33:139 vs. 85:87, respectively). Free body technical preparation was performed significantly (p < 0.005) more often (number of No:Yes) for live streaming than for the pre-recorded modality by gold athletes (15:60 vs. 39:36, respectively), silver athletes (84:118 vs. 121:81, respectively), gold coaches (10:56 vs. 38:28), and silver coaches (60:112 vs. 105:67, respectively), while no differences were found for silver athletes' and coaches' technical preparations for apparatus training between the two modalities. In conclusion, live streaming had greater positive effects on RG training during home confinement. However, pre-recorded training could be more effective for some types of training, depending on the technical level of the athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Cardinali
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Curzi
- Department Unicusano, University “Niccolò Cusano”, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lavinia Falcioni
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Dafne Ferrari
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Claudia Maulini
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Gallotta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zimatore
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Carlo Baldari
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Laura Guidetti
- Department Unicusano, University “Niccolò Cusano”, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Fernandes I, Gomes JH, de Oliveira L, Almeida M, Claudino JG, Resende C, Neto DR, Galán MH, Oliveira PMP, Aidar FJ, Mendes R, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Monitoring of the Training Load and Well-Being of Elite Rhythmic Gymnastics Athletes in 25 Weeks: A Comparison between Starters and Reserves. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10120192. [PMID: 36548489 PMCID: PMC9780862 DOI: 10.3390/sports10120192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to monitor the training loads (TL) and well-being of elite rhythmic gymnastics (RG) athletes, as well as compare these variables between starters and reserve gymnasts during 25 weeks of training. Ten athletes from the Brazilian national RG team (17.4 ± 1.1 y of age) were monitored during the general preparatory period (GPP), specific preparatory period (SPP), and pre-competitive period (PCP). The internal TL was quantified with the use of sessional ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE). We assessed well-being daily with a well-being scale. The TL, duration, monotony, and strain were calculated weekly. We found that the internal TL and session durations were 9242 ± 2511 AU and 2014 ± 450 min, respectively. The internal TL, strain, and monotony were greater in the PCP than in the GPP and SPP for starters. In the SPP, there were statistical differences in internal TL (p = 0.036) and strain (p = 0.027) between starters and reserves. In the PCP, there were also statistical differences between starters vs. reserves athletes regarding internal TL (p = 0.027) and strain (p = 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in well-being between the periods assessed. In conclusion, RG athletes display a higher TL magnitude during the PCP, whereas only reporting non-significant minor variations in well-being. In addition, there is a discrepancy in the TL between starters and reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iohanna Fernandes
- Functional Training Group, Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - João H. Gomes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Levy de Oliveira
- Functional Training Group, Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Almeida
- L’Esporte—Exercise and Sport Performance Research Group, Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - João G. Claudino
- Group of Research, Innovation and Technology Applied to Sport (GSporTech), Multi-User Laboratory of the Department of Physical Education (MultiLab of the DPE), Department of Physical Education, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64000-850, Brazil
| | - Camila Resende
- Brazilian Gymnastics Federation, Aracaju 81610-020, Brazil
| | - Dermival R. Neto
- Functional Training Group, Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Mónica Hontoria Galán
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (INEF—Sports Department), Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Mendes
- Study Group on Nutrition Applied to Exercise (GENAE), Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Marzo E. Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Functional Training Group, Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
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Kovács K, Kéringer J, Rácz J, Gyömbér N, Németh K. In the pitfall of expectations: An exploratory analysis of stressors in elite rhythmic gymnastics. Front Psychol 2022; 13:955232. [PMID: 36033062 PMCID: PMC9406821 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.955232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the types of stressors faced by rhythmic gymnastics athletes, their parents, and coaches. Semi-structured interviews with 12 participants—four gymnasts, five coaches, and three parents—were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis in a theory-driven framework. The categorizations of sport-related stressors for the parents, coaches, and gymnasts were based on existing theories. The results showed that both the gymnasts and the coaches predominantly noted mastery-avoidance goals in terms of performance, while the interviews with parents mostly indicated performance-avoidance goals. All three groups of participants consistently reported a detrimental atmosphere in rhythmic gymnastics. For instance, they emphasized the stress related to inadequate communication between the concerned parties. Moreover, all parties believed that having a lean body was linked to success in the competitive world of rhythmic gymnastics. The present study provides insight into some of the potential major stressors and the related subjective experiences affecting athletes socializing in the same sporting environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Kovács
- Department of Psychology and Sport Psychology, Economics and Social Science Institute, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Budapest Honvéd Basketball Academy, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Krisztina Kovács,
| | - Johanna Kéringer
- Department of Psychology and Sport Psychology, Economics and Social Science Institute, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Rácz
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Addictology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Gyömbér
- Department of Psychology and Sport Psychology, Economics and Social Science Institute, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
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Akkari-Ghazouani H, Mkaouer B, Amara S, Chtara M. KINETIC AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THREE DIFFERENT EXECUTION MODES OF STAG LEAP WITH AND WITHOUT THROW- CATCH BALL IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS. SCIENCE OF GYMNASTICS JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.52165/sgj.12.3.255-264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Visual analysis of rhythmic gymnastics shows that the greatest difficulty lies in jumps. Performing jump with optimal speed, great amplitude, and better coordination and without any mistakes, does not depend only on the gymnast's capacity but also on the apparatus used, the jump made and the applied momentum. The objective was to study the qualities of strength, speed and flexibility developed during the three execution modes of stag leap with ring with and without throw-catch ball. Seven gymnasts from the national rhythmic gymnastics team aged between 15 to 21 years participated in this study. The protocol in making three stag leaps with rings consist of the following: the first without apparatus, the second with throwing ball during the chasse step, and the third with throwing ball at the time of pulse during stag leap with ring. The basic descriptive parameters and statistical significance of differences were determined by using the SPSS 20.0, statistical program for data processing. The results show a significant variation at p <0.05 in the execution factors when introducing apparatus such as, horizontal and vertical velocity, right knee angle, force, horizontal displacement of toe, the angular momentum of the centre of mass and angular velocity of right leg. This decrease differs according to the moment of throwing the ball. In conclusion, we can argue that introducing ball during the chasse step causes a change in the basic performance factors.
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