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Grosso F, Balzarini C, Antonietti A, Pagnini F. Imagining flying increases jumping performance in volleyball players: A pilot study. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 248:104366. [PMID: 38909396 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to examine the effect of mental imagery on sports performance. Specifically, it was tested whether imagining flying (i.e., air travel) increases jumping performance in a group of female volleyball players. METHODS The study included 46 female young athletes (mean age = 15.23 years; standard deviation = 2.4) divided into two groups: the experimental group viewed a three-dimensional video that simulated a flying experience, while the control group watched neutral footage. The jump performance of both groups was measured before and after viewing the videos, using the Vertec Like® instrument to assess jump height. Participants were assessed for their flow disposition, mental imagery skills, and image vividness. RESULTS Comparing pre-post jump performance scores, the experimental group showed a significant improvement over the control group, with a medium-large effect size (d = 0.634). There was no significant association between flow disposition, mental imagery skills, image vividness, and pre-post jumping performance differences (respectively: β = -0.107, p = .484; β = -0.008, p = .957; β = 0.024, p = .913). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the experience of imagining flying, enhanced with an immersive video, has a positive effect on jumping performance in a one-session study with young female volleyball players. This effect does not appear to be associated with pre-existing characteristics or the vividness of the image itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Grosso
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan 20123, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan 20162, Italy.
| | - Camilla Balzarini
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan 20123, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Pagnini
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan 20123, Italy
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Rodrigues A, Antunes H, Sabino B, Sousa D, Correia AL, Alves R, Lopes H. The Effect of Physical Activity Levels on Cognitive Performance: Research in Portuguese Adolescents. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:146. [PMID: 38921840 PMCID: PMC11209043 DOI: 10.3390/sports12060146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The literature unequivocally acknowledges the numerous health benefits that physical activity (PA) provides. However, in other variables, such as cognitive performance (CP), the PA characteristics required to elicit favorable benefits remain controversial, particularly among adolescents. The aim was to investigate the evolution of CP in adolescents over the school year, as well as the role of regular PA levels. The study included 366 adolescents (boys n = 154), between 12 and 20 years old (15.46 ± 1.63), from middle school (n = 123) and high school (n = 243). CP was assessed through a face-to-face interview employing the Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument. The variation in CP (∆CP) was determined by the difference between the value of the final assessment (end of the school year) and the initial assessment (start of the school year). PA was assessed using accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+). The CP score improved from the initial to the final assessment (37.80 ± 9.26 vs. 40.45 ± 10.05) (t = -6.135; p < 0.001; Glass's Delta = 0.37. Multiple linear regression revealed that age (ß = -0.332; t = -4.255; p < 0.001) and high-intensity PA (ß = 0.283; t = 3.627; p < 0.001) accounted for 17.2% of the variation in ∆CP. CP improved significantly over the school year, emphasizing the significance of age and vigorous PA in ∆CP in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodrigues
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (A.R.); (H.A.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hélio Antunes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (A.R.); (H.A.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Bebiana Sabino
- Higher School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal;
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-367 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Duarte Sousa
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (A.R.); (H.A.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Ana Luísa Correia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (A.R.); (H.A.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Ricardo Alves
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (A.R.); (H.A.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Hélder Lopes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (A.R.); (H.A.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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3
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Wrześniewski K, Pałka T, Blecharz J. The influence of vibratory massage after physical exertion on selected psychological processes. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1380282. [PMID: 38765830 PMCID: PMC11099259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1380282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Good mental preparation of an athlete plays an important role in achieving optimal sports results. An athlete who enters a competition should not feel fatigue resulting from intense physical exercise. Therefore, new and effective methods are being sought that could help accelerate the process of both physical and mental regeneration. Vibrotherapy is one of them. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal frequency of vibration, its duration and the position in which the subjects were placed during the treatments, in relation to the reduction of subjectively perceived exertion muscle pain, mental discomfort, emotional states and the level of cognitive processes that were disturbed by intense physical activity. Sixteen healthy male volunteers were involved in this study. The participants were assessed for their aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Each of the subjects performed a set of intensive physical exercises and then underwent vibrotherapy treatment. In random order, each of the men tested the effectiveness of eight combinations of frequency, duration, and body position. Psychological tests were conducted for each combination: frequency, duration of treatment, and position during treatment, in four stages: (1) before the start of the experiment (baseline POMS measurements), (2) immediately after the exercise (VAS scale, scale examining psychological discomfort and STROOP test), (3) immediately after the vibration treatment (POMS measurements, VAS scale, scale examining psychological discomfort and STROOP test), (4) 24 h after the vibration treatment (VAS scale examining subjective assessment of perceived pain and psychological discomfort). Based on the results, it was concluded that all the studied variables improved significantly over time (after the vibration treatment and 24 h after training). In addition, a statistically significant interaction measurement × frequency was noted for vigor scale (52HZ favored greater improvement in this state), and a statistically significant interaction was found for measurement × time for the VAS scale (p < 0.05) - the lower pain value was indicated 24 h after the 10-min vibration treatment. The type of frequency used, position, and duration of the treatment did not play a statistically significant role in changing STROOP test results and severity of psychological discomfort (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Wrześniewski
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pałka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Blecharz
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
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Barzyk P, Gruber M. Motor learning in golf-a systematic review. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1324615. [PMID: 38419912 PMCID: PMC10899359 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1324615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Golf is a sport that consists of complex movement skills that need to be executed with utmost precision. Consequently, motor skill learning plays a crucial role in golf, and large numbers of studies address various methods of motor learning. In the present review, we give a systematic overview of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on motor learning of golf-specific motor skills. Three electronic databases were searched for RCTs looking at the effect of at least one learning method on performance in a golf-specific motor task. We grouped the studies depending on the learning strategies "cognitive training", "practice scheduling", "augmented feedback", "implicit and explicit learning" and "focus of attention". Fifty-two RCTs met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Superior methods within their respective strategies were an external focus of attention and increasing contextual interference, as well as errorless learning. For "cognitive training" and "augmented feedback", no single method can be considered the most favorable. The overall biggest limitations were the lack of statistical power for more than half of the RCTs, and the fact that most studies of the present review investigated simple putting tasks in novices only. Although we have shown superiority of specific learning methods, transferability of the recommendations that can be derived from simple golf tasks in novices to sport-specific tasks in advanced players still has to be demonstrated and require study designs with the intention to provide practical recommendations for coaches and athletes in the sport of golf.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Gruber
- Department of Sport Science, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
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Aoyama T, Ae K, Soma H, Miyata K, Kajita K, Kawamura T. Motor imagery ability in baseball players with throwing yips. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292632. [PMID: 38032869 PMCID: PMC10688651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The motor imagery ability is closely related to an individual's motor performance in sports. However, whether motor imagery ability is diminished in athletes with yips, in whom motor performance is impaired, is unclear. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether general motor imagery ability or vividness of motor imagery specific to throwing motion is impaired in baseball players with throwing yips. The study enrolled 114 college baseball players. They were classified into three groups: 33 players in the yips group, 26 in the recovered group (previously had yips symptoms but had resolved them), and 55 in the control group. They answered the revised version of the vividness of movement imagery questionnaire (VMIQ-2), which assesses general motor imagery ability. Furthermore, they completed a questionnaire that assesses both positive and negative motor imagery vividness specific to baseball throwing. In the former, they responded to their ability to vividly imagine accurately throwing a controlled ball, whereas in the latter, they responded to the vividness of their experience of negative motor imagery associated with baseball throwing, specifically the image of a wild throw. No significant difference in the VMIQ-2 was found among the three groups. While no significant difference in the vividness of positive motor imagery for ball throwing was found in either first-person visual or kinesthetic perspectives among the three groups, the yips group exhibited significantly higher vividness of negative motor imagery than the control group in both perspectives. These results indicate that negative motor imagery specific to baseball throwing may be associated with symptoms of yips. Therefore, interventions addressing psychological aspects, such as anxiety, which are potential causes of the generation of negative motor imagery, may be necessary to alleviate the symptoms of yips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ami-Machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Ae
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Soma
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Gakusai Hospital, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto-fu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Miyata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ami-Machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kajita
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University of Advanced Science (KUAS), Sogabe, Kameoka-city, Kyoto-fu, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawamura
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
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Perrone S, Rinaldi L, Gatti D, Girelli L. Temporal perception in closed-skill sports: An experimental study on expert swimmers and runners. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 69:102500. [PMID: 37665935 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive benefits of closed-skill sports practice have so far been scantily investigated. Here, we thus focused on the potential impact of swimming and running - two sports that highly rely on a precise control of timing - on time processing. To investigate the impact of these closed-skill sports on time perception and estimation, three groups of participants (for a total of eighty-four young adults) took part in the present study: expert swimmers, expert runners, and non-athletes. The ability to process temporal information in the milliseconds and seconds range was assessed through a time reproduction and a finger-tapping tasks, while a motor imagery paradigm was adopted to assess temporal estimation of sport performance in a wider interval range. We also employed the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire to assess the individual's ability of motor imagery. Results showed that closed-skill sports, specifically time-related disciplines, enhance motor imagery and time perception abilities. Swimmers were more accurate and consistent in perceiving time when compared to runners, probably thanks to the sensory muffled environment that leads these athletes to be more focused on the perception of their internal rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Perrone
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Cognitive Psychology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Gatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Girelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy.
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Sui YF, Cui ZH, Song ZH, Fan QQ, Lin XF, Li B, Tong LQ. Effects of trunk training using motor imagery on trunk control ability and balance function in patients with stroke. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:142. [PMID: 37884964 PMCID: PMC10601186 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of trunk training using motor imagery on trunk control and balance function in patients with stroke. METHODS One hundred eligible stroke patients were randomly divided into a control group and trial group. The control group was given routine rehabilitation therapy, while the trial group was given routine rehabilitation therapy and trunk training using motor imagery. RESULTS Prior to treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05) in Sheikh's trunk control ability, Berg rating scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), movement length, movement area, average front-rear movement speed, average left-right movement speed, and surface electromyography (sEMG) signal of the bilateral erector spinae and rectus abdominis. After treatment, Sheikh's trunk control ability, FMA, and BBS in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05). The movement length, movement area, the average front-rear movement speed, and the average left-right movement speed in the two groups decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The differences of these indicators between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the rectus abdominis and erector spinae on the affected side of the two groups improved when compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05). The rectus abdominis and erector spinae on the healthy side of the trial group descended after treatment (P < 0.05), while little changes were observed on the healthy side of the control group after treatment (P > 0.05). The rectus abdominis and erector spinae on the affected side of the trial group improved when compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the decline of abdominalis rectus and erector spinal muscle on the healthy side. CONCLUSION Trunk training using motor imagery can significantly improve the trunk control ability and balance function of stroke patients and is conducive to promoting the recovery of motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Sui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Qian-Qian Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Xia-Fei Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Lang-Qian Tong
- Department of nuclear medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43 of Renmin Road, Haikou District, Haikou, 570208, China.
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Baiano C, Zappullo I, Cecere R, Raimo G, Conson M. Visual and kinesthetic motor imagery in adults with different degrees of self-reported motor coordination difficulties. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 91:103137. [PMID: 37572558 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) involves difficulties in performing coordinated movements with fine and/or gross motor skills deficits. Several studies showed that DCD is characterized by motor imagery deficits as well. Here we investigated in neurotypical adults (N = 334) the relationships between the ease of imaging two main motor imagery components, that is the visual and the kinesthetic one, self-reported motor coordination difficulties and handwriting speed. Self-reported motor difficulties were measured by the Adult Developmental Co-ordination Disorders/Dyspraxia Checklist (ADC) and scores were used to distinguish three groups: participants at risk of DCD (with both relevant childhood and current motor coordination difficulties); with motor coordination difficulties (relevant current but not childhood difficulties); without motor coordination difficulties (neither current nor childhood difficulties). The main results showed more kinesthetic and visual imagery difficulties in participants at risk of DCD than in those both with and without motor coordination difficulties. Interestingly, the relationships between the two imagery components and motor difficulties were different in the three groups, depending on: 1) the developmental phase (childhood or adulthood) to which motor coordination difficulties referred, and 2) the point of view (self or other), from which images were judged. Instead, no relationship was found between imagery abilities and handwriting speed. Thus, a nuanced pattern of the ease of imaging motor imagery emerged in adults with different degrees of self-reported motor coordination difficulties. These findings could be relevant for the assessment of people candidate to undergo a motor imagery training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baiano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Isa Zappullo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Roberta Cecere
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gennaro Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Conson
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Phrathep D, Donohue B, Renn BN, Mercer J, Allen DN. Sport and mental health performance optimization in an adolescent gymnast: A case evaluation. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1018861. [PMID: 36814896 PMCID: PMC9939460 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1018861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Optimum Performance Program in Sports (TOPPS) is a multi-component, sport-specific Family Behavior Therapy that has demonstrated improved sport performance, relationships, and mental health outcomes in adult and adolescent athletes with, and without, diagnosed mental health disorders in clinical trials. The current case trial demonstrates successful implementation of a novel component of TOPPS (i.e., talk aloud optimal sport performance imagery leading to dream mapping) in a biracial Latina and White adolescent gymnast without a mental health diagnosis. The participant demonstrated significant improvements from baseline to both post-treatment and 3-month follow-up in severity of mental health functioning, factors interfering with sports performance, and her relationships with teammates, coaches, and family. Results suggest it may be possible to optimize mental health through sport performance optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Phrathep
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Brad Donohue
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States,Correspondence: Brad Donohue
| | - Brenna N. Renn
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - John Mercer
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
| | - Daniel N. Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
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Dhouibi MA, Miladi I, Racil G, Hammoudi S, Coquart J. The Effects of Sporting and Physical Practice on Visual and Kinesthetic Motor Imagery Vividness: A Comparative Study Between Athletic, Physically Active, and Exempted Adolescents. Front Psychol 2021; 12:776833. [PMID: 34887817 PMCID: PMC8650608 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.776833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest of motor imagery practice on performance and motor learning is well-established. However, the impact of sporting and physical practice on motor imagery vividness is currently unclear, especially in youth. Two-hundred-and-forty adolescents were recruited to form different groups. For each age group (age-group 1, A-G1 with 13years≤age≤14years 6months vs. age-group 2, A-G2 with 14years 6months<age≤16years), 40 athletes, 40 active adolescents, and 40 exempted were recruited (20 girls and 20 boys in each category). Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised Second version (MIQ-Rs) was used to assess the Visual Motor Imagery (VMI) and Kinesthetic Motor Imagery (KMI) vividness. Results show that VMI is more evoked and more vivid than KMI (p<0.001). Athletes had greater VMI and KMI than active and exempted groups (p<0.001), and the active group also performed higher VMI and KMI than the exempted group (p<0.001). Subjects from A-G2 had greater motor imagery than subjects from A-G1, and boys had better motor imagery than girls. Conclusion: the present results show that sport and physical education engagement is associated with enhanced motor imagery vividness, especially in VMI. Moreover, older adolescents evoke clearer images than younger adolescents, and boys have greater imagery ability than girls. Therefore, teachers and coaches should consider age and gender when developing this cognitive skill when learning, in physical education classes and sports clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Ali Dhouibi
- Laboratory of Clinical Psychology: Intersubjectivity and Culture, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imed Miladi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Unit (UR17JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ghazi Racil
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sabra Hammoudi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory Sports Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jeremy Coquart
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
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Serra L, Raimondi S, di Domenico C, Maffei S, Lardone A, Liparoti M, Sorrentino P, Caltagirone C, Petrosini L, Mandolesi L. The beneficial effects of physical exercise on visuospatial working memory in preadolescent children. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:496-509. [PMID: 34877401 PMCID: PMC8611191 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between physical exercise and improvement in specific cognitive domains in children and adolescents who play sport has been recently reported, although the effects on visuospatial abilities have not yet been well explored. This study is aimed at evaluating in school-age children practicing artistic gymnastics the visuospatial memory by using a table version of the Radial Arm Maze (table-RAM) and comparing their performances with those ones who do not play any sport. The visuospatial performances of 14 preadolescent girls practicing artistic gymnastics aged between 7 and 10 years and those of 14 preadolescent girls not playing any sport were evaluated in the table-RAM forced-choice paradigm that allows disentangling short-term memory from working memory abilities. Data showed that the gymnasts obtained better performances than control group mainly in the parameters evaluating working memory abilities, such as within-phase errors and spatial span. Our findings emphasizing the role of physical activity on cognitive performances impel to promote physical exercise in educational and recreational contexts as well as to analyse the impact of other sports besides gymnastics on cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serra
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Maffei
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Lardone
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Liparoti
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institute de Neurosciences Des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France Department of Engineering, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Laboratory of Experimental and Behavioural Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mandolesi
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Ottonello M, Torselli E, Caneva S, Fiabane E, Vassallo C, Pistarini C. Mental Imagery Skills in Alcohol-Dependent Subjects and Their Associations With Cognitive Performance: An Exploratory Study During Residential Rehabilitation. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:741900. [PMID: 34912249 PMCID: PMC8666508 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.741900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
People in alcohol-detoxification experience deficits in motor and non-motor functions including cognitive performance. Imagery, the cognitive process of generating visual, auditory or kinesthetic experiences in the mind without the presence of external stimuli, has been little studied in Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). This pilot study aims to observe the cognitive abilities useful for the inspection, maintenance, generation and manipulation of images in these patients during residential rehabilitation and investigate the relationships with their cognitive performance. Thirty-six subjects who completed the 28-day rehabilitation program for alcohol addiction, completed the Mental Imagery Test (MIT) and Neuropsychological Battery (ENB-2). The global score at MIT did not show pathological scores. The 11.1% of AUD patients showed an impaired global score in the cognitive performance and the 5.7% with scoring at limits of norm. Significant correlations were found between Mental Imagery abilities and ENB-2 subscale and stepwise regression analysis showed the close association between the ability of imagery (Mental Imagery Test) and the overall cognitive performance (ENB-2) in alcohol dependent patients and this relationship is stronger than other cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Ottonello
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of Genova Nervi Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri Spa SB, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Torselli
- School of Psychotherapy, Miller Institute for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Caneva
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Fiabane
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of Genova Nervi Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri Spa SB, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Vassallo
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of Genova Nervi Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri Spa SB, Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina Pistarini
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Medicine of Pavia Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Spa SB, Pavia, Italy
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Laureys F, Collins D, Deconinck FJA, Lenoir M. Exploring the use of the Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence (PCDEs) in younger age groups: First steps in the validation process of the PCDE Questionnaire for Children (PCDEQ-C). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259396. [PMID: 34793493 PMCID: PMC8601555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes who want to benefit most optimally and efficient from the Talent Development (TD) pathway, should start developing their psychological characteristics at a young age. The Psychological Characteristics Developing Excellence Questionnaire-Version 2 (PCDEQ2) can provide a full assessment of the mental characteristics athletes need. However, the PCDEQ2 has only been validated in adolescent athletes and as a consequence its does not contribute to the understanding of these psychological skills in a younger age group. The main purpose of this study was to take a first step in examining the factor structure and reliability of the Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire for Children (PCDEQ-C), a questionnaire based on the PCDEQ- 2. Firstly, the original questionnaire was translated to Dutch, age-adapted and redesigned for implementation in young athletes. Secondly, 774 participants (400 girls) from Flanders, Belgium, between 7 and 13 years (mean age of 10.61 ± 1.58) old filled out the questionnaire. After exploratory factor analysis, a new factor structure for the PCDEQ-C deemed an acceptable fit with 51 items in 5 factors. In the third stage, the reliability showed a good overall and internal consistency, with adequate relations between factors. The first steps in the validation process of the PCDEQ-C, suggest that this questionnaire could be a useful and reliable tool to assess the developmental psychological characteristics of 7-to-13-year-old athletes. The questionnaire is one of the first formative assessment tools to monitor and develop the psychological characteristics needed during the earliest talent development stages of a young athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felien Laureys
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dave Collins
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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