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Patwary MM, Bardhan M, Haque MA, Moniruzzaman S, Gustavsson J, Khan MMH, Koivisto J, Salwa M, Mashreky SR, Rahman AKMF, Tasnim A, Islam MR, Alam MA, Hasan M, Harun MAYA, Nyberg L, Islam MA. Impact of extreme weather events on mental health in South and Southeast Asia: A two decades of systematic review of observational studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118436. [PMID: 38354890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Extreme weather events in South and Southeast Asia exert profound psychosocial impacts, amplifying the prevalence of mental illness. Despite their substantial consequences, there is a dearth of research and representation in the current literature. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies published between January 1, 2000, and January 20, 2024, to examine the impact of extreme weather events on the mental health of the South and Southeast Asian population. Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality appraisal checklist. The search retrieved 70 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Most were from India (n = 22), and most used a cross-sectional study design (n = 55). Poor mental health outcomes were associated with six types of extreme weather events: floods, storm surges, typhoons, cyclones, extreme heat, and riverbank erosion. Most studies (n = 41) reported short-term outcome measurements. Findings included outcomes with predictable symptomatology, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, general psychological distress, emotional distress and suicide. Limited studies on long-term effects showed higher mental disorders after floods and typhoons, while cyclone-exposed individuals had more short-term distress. Notably, the review identified over 50 risk factors influencing mental health outcomes, categorized into six classes: demographic, economic, health, disaster exposure, psychological, and community factors. However, the quantitative evidence linking extreme weather events to mental health was limited due to a lack of longitudinal data, lack of control groups, and the absence of objective exposure measurements. The review found some compelling evidence linking extreme weather events to adverse mental health in the South and Southeast Asia region. Future research should focus on longitudinal study design to identify the specific stressors and climatic factors influencing the relationship between climate extremes and mental health in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mondira Bardhan
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh; Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, USA
| | - Md Atiqul Haque
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden.
| | - Syed Moniruzzaman
- Department of Political, Historical and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Gustavsson
- Department of Political, Historical and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden
| | - Md Maruf Haque Khan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jenni Koivisto
- Department of Political, Historical and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden; Centre of Natural Hazards and Disaster Science (CNDS), c/o Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, UPPSALA, Sweden
| | - Marium Salwa
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saidur Rahman Mashreky
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, (CIPRB), Bangladesh; Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Fazlur Rahman
- Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden; Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, (CIPRB), Bangladesh
| | - Anika Tasnim
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Redwanul Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive, Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Political, Historical and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden; Centre of Natural Hazards and Disaster Science (CNDS), c/o Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, UPPSALA, Sweden
| | - Md Atikul Islam
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh; Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden.
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Congdon P. Psychosis prevalence in London neighbourhoods; A case study in spatial confounding. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2024; 48:100631. [PMID: 38355254 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2023.100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of impacts of neighbourhood risk factors on mental health outcomes frequently adopts a disease mapping approach, with unknown neighbourhood influences summarised by random effects. However, such effects may show confounding with observed predictors, especially when such predictors have a clear spatial pattern. Here, the standard disease mapping model is compared to methods which account and adjust for spatial confounding in an analysis of psychosis prevalence in London neighbourhoods. Established area risk factors such as area deprivation, non-white ethnicity, greenspace access and social fragmentation are considered as influences on psychosis. The results show evidence of spatial confounding in the standard disease mapping model. Impacts expected on substantive grounds and available evidence are either nullified or reversed in direction. It is argued that the potential for spatial confounding to affect inferences about geographic disease patterns and risk factors should be routinely considered in ecological studies of health based on disease mapping.
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Tondelli M, Chiari A, Vinceti G, Galli C, Salemme S, Filippini T, Carbone C, Minafra C, De Luca C, Prandi R, Tondelli S, Zamboni G. Greenness and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117652. [PMID: 37980996 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is acknowledged that living in a green environment may help mental well-being and this may be especially true for vulnerable people. However, the relationship between greenness and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia has not been explored yet. METHODS We collected clinical, neuropsychiatric, and residential data from subjects with dementia living in the province of Modena, Northern Italy. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were measured with the Neuropsychiatry Inventory, a questionnaire administered to the caregiver who assesses the presence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, agitation/aggression, dysphoria/depression, anxiety, euphoria/elation, apathy/indifference, disinhibition, irritability/lability, aberrant motor behaviors, sleep disturbances, and appetite/eating changes. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used as a proxy of greenness. Regression models were constructed to study the association between greenness and neuropsychiatric features. RESULTS 155 patients with dementia were recruited. We found that greenness is variably associated with the risk of having neuropsychiatric symptoms. The risk of apathy was lower with lower levels of greenness (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.91 for NDVI below the median value). The risk of psychosis was higher with lower levels of greenness but with more imprecise values (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 0.84-3.73 for NDVI below the median value). CONCLUSION Our results suggest a possible association between greenness and neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia. If replicated in larger samples, these findings will pave the road for identifying innovative greening strategies and interventions that can improve mental health in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Tondelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, Baggiovara Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Chiari
- Neurology Unit, Baggiovara Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Vinceti
- Neurology Unit, Baggiovara Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Galli
- Primary Care Department, AUSL Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Simone Salemme
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Carbone
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudia Minafra
- Department of Architecture, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia De Luca
- Department of Architecture, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Prandi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Tondelli
- Department of Architecture, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zamboni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, Baggiovara Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
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Valladares A, Bornstein L, Botero N, Gold I, Sayanvala F, Weinstock D. From scary places to therapeutic landscapes: Voices from the community of people living with schizophrenia. Health Place 2022; 78:102903. [PMID: 36174464 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses how people living with schizophrenia experience, understand, and respond to their urban environment. Our study relies on experiential photo-voice data gathered with a sample of six people diagnosed with schizophrenia and living in non-institutional settings in Montréal, Canada, to identify how individuals in this community perceive the urban landscape. We adopt a therapeutic landscapes' framework that explores the urban fabric at three levels: physical, social, and symbolic. Research participants identified both health-denying and health-enhancing places within ordinary urban landscapes. Landscapes identified as health-denying are characterized by environmental stressors and loss of control, with construction sites an example highlighted by participants. Healing and restorative landscapes, as identified by participants, were physically attractive or quiet, socially safe and welcoming, and symbolically affirmative of one's identity, all factors worthy of further study. The findings are also policy-relevant: they suggest that people living with schizophrenia and their clinicians can develop strategies to make health-enhancing uses of urban landscapes; and that urban policies and practices can foster urban environments conducive to enhanced health and well-being, both for the community of people living with schizophrenia and the wider population of urban dwellers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolás Botero
- McGill University, Department of Cognitive Science, Canada
| | - Ian Gold
- McGill University, Department of Philosophy, Canada
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