1
|
Lin Y, Wu L, Ouyang H, Zhan J, Wang J, Liu W, Jia Y. Behavioral intentions and perceived stress under isolated environment. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3347. [PMID: 38376043 PMCID: PMC10757889 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolation is a special environment that will affect the mental health and behavior of individuals. The current study was to explore the relationship between behavior intention (BI) and perceived stress in isolated environment during Shanghai Omicron pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between April 8 and 14, 2022. Three self-reported questionnaires were used to evaluate quarantine duration, stress perception, and BI. A total of 1042 participants in Shanghai under quarantine at home were included by random sampling. Logistic regression and one-way variance analysis were used to determine the risk factors related to BI. RESULTS The finding implicated negative BI was more reported by the population of males, with lower educational background, with jobs, and youngers. A negative association existed between perceived stress and BI (B = -1.004, p = .003, OR = 0.367, 95% CI = .191-.703). The proportion of positive BI decreased with quarantined duration, whereas the negative BI seemed vibrate upward then downward. CONCLUSION There existed a significant effect of quarantined days on perceived stress with different BIs. High perceived stress was a risk factor of positive BI. This preliminary study has significance to understand the effect of compulsory measures on BI and for policies makers to take a psychosocial perspective to consider the effective pandemic intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- China Executive Leadership AcademyPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Lili Wu
- Laboratory for Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental HealthNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Emotion & Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Mental HealthNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Laboratory for Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental HealthNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Emotion & Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Mental HealthNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jingye Zhan
- Laboratory for Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental HealthNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Emotion & Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Mental HealthNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory for Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental HealthNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Emotion & Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Mental HealthNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weizhi Liu
- Laboratory for Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental HealthNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Emotion & Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Mental HealthNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of EducationNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanpu Jia
- Laboratory for Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental HealthNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Emotion & Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Mental HealthNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hou L, Long F, Zhou W, Zhou R. Working memory training for reward processing in university students with subsyndromal depression: The influence of baseline severity of depression. Biol Psychol 2023; 184:108710. [PMID: 37820850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have tentatively suggested that working memory training (WMT) has the potential to improve reward processing, but it is not known how long this improvement lasts, whether there is a lag effect, or whether it is reflected in neurophysiological indicators. In this study, 40 university students with subsyndromal depression were randomly assigned to a training group or a control group and completed a 20-day working memory training task and a simple memory task, respectively. All participants completed the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) and a doors task with electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded simultaneously on a pre- and post-test and a 3-month follow-up. The reward-related positivity (RewP) amplitude, theta power, and their differences between conditions (i.e., ΔRewP and Δtheta power, respectively) in the doors task were the primary outcomes, and the score on TEPS was the secondary outcome. The results indicated no group-related effects were demonstrated in primary and secondary outcomes at post-test and 3-month follow-up. Furthermore, the differences in the pre- and post-test in Δtheta power were moderated by the baseline severity of depression. This was primarily driven by the fact that the change values in the control group increased with the severity of depression, while the change values in the training group had high homogeneity. Our findings did not provide support for the effect of WMT on reward processing across the whole sample, but without intervention, there would be high heterogeneity in the change in the cognitive control ability to loss feedback, which is detrimental to individuals with high depression severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Fangfang Long
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiyi Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence Production Technology and Systems, Beijing 100803, China; Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun L, Wang X, Hong Y, Li C, Zeng W, Liu P, Xiong Y, Chen Y, Lian Y, Wang Y. COVID-19 pandemic-related depression and anxiety under lockdown: The chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and perceived stress. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1100242. [PMID: 37181887 PMCID: PMC10169693 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In early March 2022, the highly contagious Omicron variant rapidly emerged in Shanghai. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety in isolated or quarantined populations under lockdown. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between May 12 and 25, 2022. The depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, self-efficacy and perceived social support in the 167 participants under isolated or quarantined were examined using the Patient Health Questionnaires-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Data on demographic information were also collected. Findings The prevalence of depression and anxiety in isolated or quarantined populations was estimated to be 12 and 10.8%, respectively. Higher education level, being healthcare workers, being infected, longer duration of segregation and higher perceived stress level were identified as risk factors for depression and anxiety. Furthermore, the relationship between perceived social support and depression (anxiety) was mediated not only by perceived stress but also the chain of self-efficacy and perceived stress. Conclusion Being infected, higher education level, longer duration of segregation and higher perceived stress were associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety among isolated or quarantined populations under lockdown. The formulation of psychological strategies that promote one's perceived social support and self-efficacy as well as reduce perceived stress is supposed to be drawn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luna Sun
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Special Medical, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Academic Affairs Office, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yani Xiong
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Lian
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan ESS, Chin SAFX, Sathapan MSP, Dewi AD, Amini F, Bustami NA, Tan PY, Ho YB, Tan CK. Mental Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Evidence from Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4046. [PMID: 36901057 PMCID: PMC10001641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of physical, social, and economic factors during the pandemic adversely affected the mental health of healthy people and exacerbated pre-existing mental disorders. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the general population in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study involving 1246 participants was conducted. A validated questionnaire consisting of the level of knowledge and practice of precautionary behaviors, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) was used as an instrument to assess the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results revealed that most participants possessed a high level of knowledge about COVID-19 and practiced wearing face masks daily as a precautionary measure. The average DASS scores were beyond the mild to moderate cut-off point for all three domains. The present study found that prolonged lockdowns had significantly impacted (p < 0.05), the mental health of the general population in Malaysia, reducing quality of life during the pandemic. Employment status, financial instability, and low annual incomes appeared to be risk factors (p < 0.05) contributing to mental distress, while older age played a protective role (p < 0.05). This is the first large-scale study in Malaysia to assess the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie Sin Sing Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Astrid Disimond Dewi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Farahnaz Amini
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Normina Ahmad Bustami
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Pui Yee Tan
- Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yu Bin Ho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chung Keat Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shek DTL, Chai WY, Wong T, Zhou K. Stress and depressive symptoms in university students in Hong Kong under the pandemic: Moderating effect of positive psychological attributes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1071938. [PMID: 36777221 PMCID: PMC9908995 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1071938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are very few studies examining the psychological well-being of university students in Hong Kong under the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides COVID-19-related stress, the "social event" in 2019-2020 has caused significant stress in young people. As such, we attempted to answer several research questions in this paper. First, what are the relationships between stresses (COVID-19 and "social event" related stresses) and psychological well-being indexed by depressive symptoms? Based on the stress and coping perspective, we predicted that there would be positive relationships between both types of stress and depression. Second, what are the relationships between different positive psychological factors (including life satisfaction, resilience and emotional management, flourishing, and beliefs about adversity) and depression? Based on different theoretical models of positive psychology, we hypothesized that negative relationships would exist between positive psychological factors and depressive symptoms. Third, do positive psychological attributes moderate the associations between stresses (COVID-19 and "social event" related stresses) and depressive symptoms? Based on the positive psychology literature, we hypothesized that positive psychological attributes would buffer the negative impact of stresses on depression. Methods We recruited university students roughly one year after the first wave of the pandemic (N = 1,648) in early 2021. We used 25 items to measure COVID-19-related stress and "social event" related stress. For psychological well-being indexed by depressive symptoms, we used the "Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R)". For positive psychological attributes, we employed established measures of life satisfaction, resilience and emotional management, flourishing, and beliefs about adversity. Results Regarding the relationship between stress and depression, we found positive relationships between both types of stress and depressive symptoms. As predicted, negative relationships existed between all positive psychological attributes and depressive symptoms. Besides, the positive psychological attributes significantly moderated the effects of stresses on depression, suggesting that these factors can reduce the negative impacts of stresses on depression. The present findings provide support for those models, highlighting the importance of positive psychological attributes as protective factors for university students' depression. Discussion The findings of this study underscore the important role of positive psychological attributes in the stress-depression relationship in university students under the pandemic. The findings also generalize the positive youth development theory in the Chinese context. In terms of practice, university administrators and service providers should consider cultivating positive psychological attributes in university students with the purpose of promoting their psychological well-being.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hou L, Chang L, Chen L, Fei J, Zhou R. Exploring the Roles of Dispositional Mindfulness and Cognitive Reappraisal in the Relationship Between Neuroticism and Depression Among Postgraduate Students in China. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1605074. [PMID: 36090823 PMCID: PMC9452625 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1605074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Previous studies revealed a positive association between neuroticism and depression. This study further extended the previous findings by exploring the psychological processes underlying this association among Chinese postgraduates. Guided by theoretical models and empirical research, we proposed a multiple mediation and moderated mediation model to investigate the roles of dispositional mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal in the relationship between neuroticism and depression.Methods: Using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, 1103 first-year postgraduates at a comprehensive university in China were surveyed. Path analysis was adopted to test the models.Results: The results showed that dispositional mindfulness mediated the association between neuroticism and depression. Further, this mediating effect was moderated by cognitive reappraisal, with this effect being stronger in individuals with low engagement in cognitive reappraisal.Conclusion: The results support interrelations among neuroticism, depression, dispositional mindfulness, and cognitive reappraisal as moderated mediation rather than multiple mediation. The results enhance our understanding of psychological mechanisms between neuroticism and depression and provide suggestions for interventions to prevent or reduce depression in highly neurotic postgraduates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Fei
- Institute of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication, Communication University of China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Renlai Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shek DTL, Dou D, Zhu X, Wong T, Tan L. Need Satisfaction and Depressive Symptoms Among University Students in Hong Kong During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moderating Effects of Positive Youth Development Attributes. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:931404. [PMID: 35873261 PMCID: PMC9300911 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.931404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As studies on the mental health status of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic are almost non-existent in Hong Kong, we examined four research questions in this paper: What is the prevalence of depressive symptoms in university students in Hong Kong? What are the socio-demographic correlates of depressive symptoms? Do need satisfaction and positive youth development (PYD) attributes, including beliefs about adversity, psychosocial competence (resilience and emotional competence) and family functioning predict depression? Do PYD attributes moderate the predictive effect of need satisfaction on depression? We examined the above research questions using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R) in 1,648 university students in Hong Kong. For PYD attributes, we utilized validated measures of Chinese beliefs about adversity, psychosocial competence (resilience and emotional competence), and family functioning. For need satisfaction, we used a measure derived from two focus group interviews involving university students. Results showed that 48.4% of the respondents (95% confidence interval = [45.9%, 51.1%]) scored 16 or above (i.e., "at-risk" for clinical depression). As predicted, age, gender, student status (local vs. international), and family financial hardship were significant socio-demographic correlates of depressive symptoms. Besides, need satisfaction and PYD attributes negatively predicted depression scores. Finally, multiple regression analyses controlling for gender, age, and student status as covariates showed that all PYD attributes moderated the impact of need satisfaction on depression. The findings reinforce the theoretical proposition that PYD attributes serve as important factors in protecting the mental health of university students during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. L. Shek
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen L, Wang D, Xia Y, Zhou R. The Association Between Quarantine Duration and Psychological Outcomes, Social Distancing, and Vaccination Intention During the Second Outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604096. [PMID: 35321049 PMCID: PMC8935571 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the association between quarantine duration and psychological outcomes, social distancing, as well as vaccination intention during the second outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in January 2021. Participants were invited to complete the measurement of quarantine duration, social distancing, psychological distress, wellbeing (WHO-5), and vaccination intention. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were performed to examine the relationship between quarantine duration and psychological distress, wellbeing, social distancing, and vaccination intention. Results: Of the 944 participants, 17.2% of the participants experienced quarantine. Quarantine for 1–7 days increased the social distancing (β = 2.61 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.90–3.33) and vaccination intention (OR = 2.16 95% CI 1.22–3.82). Quarantine for >7 days was associated with the increased social distancing (β = 3.00 95% CI 2.37–3.64) and psychological distress (β = 1.03 95% CI 0.22–1.86), and decreased wellbeing (β = 1.27 95% CI 0.29–2.26). Conclusion: Longer quarantine duration showed increased social distancing, increased psychological distress, and decreased wellbeing. Quarantine for 1–7 days was associated with increased vaccination intention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Chen
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingding Wang
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Xia
- College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxin Xia, ; Renlai Zhou,
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxin Xia, ; Renlai Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lev-Wiesel R, Dagan Z, Kendel L, Amsalem OS, Lynton NR, From A, Sokolovsky MS, Weinger S, Doron H, Binson B. The Impact of Lockdowns during the Corona Pandemic on Parental Aggressiveness Behaviors. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2021.1997207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bussakorn Binson
- FAA-Emili Sagol Creative Arts Research and Innovation for Well-being Center, Chulalongkorn University, BKK, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu W, Xu D, Li H, Xu G, Tian J, Lyu L, Wan N, Wei L, Rong W, Liu C, Wu B, Bian X, Lyu A. Impact of Long-Term Home Quarantine on Mental Health and Physical Activity of People in Shanghai During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:782753. [PMID: 35153854 PMCID: PMC8829462 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.782753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term home quarantine on the mental health of people during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai. We conducted an online questionnaire survey on March 26 2020 and collected data on demographics, level of physical activity (PA), and mental health status of the participants. We assessed the mental health status using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), whereas PA was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Of all 2,409 valid samples, participants reported performing a total of 2015.20 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes/week of total PA before the outbreak period and 1720.29 MET-minutes/week of total PA during the outbreak period (p < 0.001). Participants who spent a longer time at home reported to have a better performance on the PHQ-9 (p = 0.087) and GAD-7 (p < 0.001). A high level of PA was considered an protective factor against depression (OR = 0.755, 95% CI 0.603-0.944, p < 0.001). Additionally, a high level of PA had a preventative effect on anxiety (OR = 0.741, 95% CI 0.568-0.967, p < 0.001), and a longer working period during the outbreak was shown to be a risk factor for anxiety (11-29 days, OR 1.455, 95% CI 1.110-1.909; 30-60 days OR 1.619, 95% CI 1.227-2.316). Home confinement during the pandemic might not have a negative effect on mental health provided that people engage in more PA indoors. This study encourages interventions for mental health problems through physical exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Doudou Xu
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyan Tian
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luheng Lyu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Naifu Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijiang Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuwei Rong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beiwen Wu
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ankang Lyu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|