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Tan X, Tan PY, Gong YY, Moore JB. Overnutrition is a risk factor for iron, but not for zinc or vitamin A deficiency in children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e015135. [PMID: 38599666 PMCID: PMC11015307 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditionally associated with undernutrition, increasing evidence suggests micronutrient deficiencies can coexist with overnutrition. Therefore, this work aimed to systematically review the associations between iron, zinc and vitamin A (VA) status and weight status (both underweight and overweight) in children and young people. METHODS Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Scopus and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for observational studies assessing micronutrient status (blood, serum or plasma levels of iron, zinc or VA biomarkers) and weight status (body mass index or other anthropometric measurement) in humans under 25 years of any ethnicity and gender. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. Where possible, random effects restricted maximum likelihood meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS After screening, 83 observational studies involving 190 443 participants from 44 countries were identified, with many studies having reported on more than one micronutrient and/or weight status indicator. Iron was the most investigated micronutrient, with 46, 28 and 27 studies reporting data for iron, zinc and VA status, respectively. Synthesising 16 records of OR from seven eligible studies, overnutrition (overweight and obesity) increased odds of iron deficiency (ID) (OR (95% CI): 1.51 (1.20 to 1.82), p<0.0001, I2=40.7%). Odds appeared to be higher for children living with obesity (1.88 (1.33 to 2.43), p<0.0001, I2=20.6%) in comparison to those with overweight (1.31 (0.98 to 1.64), p<0.0001, I2=40.5%), although between group differences were not significant (p=0.08). CONCLUSIONS Overnutrition is associated with increased risk of ID, but not zinc or VA deficiencies, with an inverted U-shaped relationship observed between iron status and bodyweight. Our results highlight significant heterogeneity in the reporting of micronutrient biomarkers and how deficiencies were defined. Inflammation status was rarely adequately accounted for, and the burden of ID may well be under-recognised, particularly in children and young people living with overnutrition. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020221523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomian Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Pui Yee Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - J Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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Mondon C, Tan PY, Chan CL, Tran TN, Gong YY. Prevalence, determinants, intervention strategies and current gaps in addressing childhood malnutrition in Vietnam: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:960. [PMID: 38575928 PMCID: PMC10996139 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood malnutrition in all forms is a major public health issue worldwide. This review systematically examined the prevalence and determinants and identify the potential interventions and current gap in addressing malnutrition including undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) in Vietnamese children aged 0-18 years old. METHODS Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were systematically searched through June 2022 to identify relevant articles published within the past 25 years. Study selection and data extraction were performed by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by the other two reviewers in accordance with PRISMA guideline. Risk of publication bias was assessed using American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. RESULTS Seventy-two studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. Undernutrition has decreased over time but still 22.4%, 5.2% and 12.2% of children under 5 were stunted, wasted and underweight, respectively. Anaemia, iron, zinc, and vitamin D deficiencies were the more common forms of MNDs, the prevalence varied by age, region, and socioeconomic group. Population-based surveys reported that 11% and 48% of children aged 0-11 years old were iron and vitamin D deficient, respectively. Zinc deficiency affected almost one-quarter of the children and adolescents. Retinol deficiency was of less concern (< 20%). However, more evidence on MNDs prevalence is needed. Overweight and obesity is now on the rise, affecting one-third of school-aged children. The key determinants of undernutrition included living in rural areas, children with low birth weight, and poor socio-economic status, whereas living in urban and affluent areas, having an inactive lifestyle and being a boy were associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity. Nutrition specific intervention studies including supplementation and food fortification consistently showed improvements in anthropometric indices and micronutrient biomarkers. National nutrition-sensitive programmes also provided nutritional benefits for children's growth and eating behaviours, but there is a lack of data on childhood obesity. CONCLUSION This finding highlights the need for effective double duty actions to simultaneously address different forms of childhood malnutrition in Vietnam. However, evidence on the potential intervention strategies, especially on MNDs and overnutrition are still limited to inform policy decision, thus future research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mondon
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pui Yee Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Chong Ling Chan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thuy Nga Tran
- Department of Micronutrient, National Institution of Nutrition, 48B Tang Ba Ho, Hai Ba Trung District, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Tan ESS, Chin SAFX, Sathapan MSP, Dewi AD, Amini F, Bustami NA, Tan PY, Ho YB, Tan CK. Mental Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Evidence from Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4046. [PMID: 36901057 PMCID: PMC10001641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of physical, social, and economic factors during the pandemic adversely affected the mental health of healthy people and exacerbated pre-existing mental disorders. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the general population in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study involving 1246 participants was conducted. A validated questionnaire consisting of the level of knowledge and practice of precautionary behaviors, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) was used as an instrument to assess the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results revealed that most participants possessed a high level of knowledge about COVID-19 and practiced wearing face masks daily as a precautionary measure. The average DASS scores were beyond the mild to moderate cut-off point for all three domains. The present study found that prolonged lockdowns had significantly impacted (p < 0.05), the mental health of the general population in Malaysia, reducing quality of life during the pandemic. Employment status, financial instability, and low annual incomes appeared to be risk factors (p < 0.05) contributing to mental distress, while older age played a protective role (p < 0.05). This is the first large-scale study in Malaysia to assess the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie Sin Sing Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Astrid Disimond Dewi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Farahnaz Amini
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Normina Ahmad Bustami
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Pui Yee Tan
- Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yu Bin Ho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chung Keat Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Tan PY, Amini F, Mitra SR. Dietary protein interacts with polygenic risk scores and modulates serum concentrations of C-reactive protein in overweight and obese Malaysian adults. Nutr Res 2022; 107:75-85. [PMID: 36206635 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake may interact with gene variants and modulate inflammatory status. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of fat mass and obesity-associated rs9930501, rs9930506, and rs9932754 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor rs1042713 on C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations using polygenic risk scores (PRS), and modulatory effect of dietary nutrients on these associations. We hypothesized that higher protein intake is associated with lower inflammatory status in individuals genetically predisposed to obesity. PRS was computed as the weighted sum of the risk alleles possessed and stratified into first (0-0.64), second (0.65-3.59), and third (3.60-8.18) tertiles. A total of 128 overweight and obese Malaysian adults were dichotomized into groups of low and elevated inflammatory status (CRP concentrations ≤3 and >3 mg/L, respectively). One-half of the study participants (51%) were found to have elevated inflammatory status. Second- and third-tertile PRS were significantly associated with increased odds of elevated inflammatory status, 7.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98-28.80; adjusted P = .003) and 3.87 (95% CI, 1.10-13.60; adjusted P = .035), respectively. Individuals in the third-tertile PRS had significantly lower CRP concentrations (4.61 ± 1.3 mg/L vs 9.60 ± 2.6 mg/L, P = .019) when consuming ≥14% energy from protein (with an average of 18.0% ± 2.4%, 43.0% ± 7.7%, and 39.0% ± 8.0% energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat per day). In conclusion, third-tertile PRS was significantly associated with increased odds of elevated CRP; higher protein intake may alleviate inflammatory status and reduce CRP concentrations systemically in those individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yee Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Farahnaz Amini
- School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics & Regenerative Medicine, UCSI University, KL Campus, Malaysia
| | - Soma Roy Mitra
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Tan PY, Moore JB, Bai L, Tang G, Gong YY. In the context of the triple burden of malnutrition: A systematic review of gene-diet interactions and nutritional status. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3235-3263. [PMID: 36222100 PMCID: PMC11000749 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic background interacts with dietary components to modulate nutritional health status. This study aimed to review the evidence for gene-diet interactions in all forms of malnutrition. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted through April 2021 to identify observational and intervention studies reporting the effects of gene-diet interactions in over-nutrition, under-nutrition and micronutrient status. Risk of publication bias was assessed using the Quality Criteria Checklist and a tool specifically designed for gene-diet interaction research. 167 studies from 27 populations were included. The majority of studies investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in overnutrition (n = 158). Diets rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits and low in total and saturated fats, such as Mediterranean and DASH diets, showed promising effects for reducing obesity risk among individuals who had higher genetic risk scores for obesity, particularly the risk alleles carriers of FTO rs9939609, rs1121980 and rs1421085. Other SNPs in MC4R, PPARG and APOA5 genes were also commonly studied for interaction with diet on overnutrition though findings were inconclusive. Only limited data were found related to undernutrition (n = 1) and micronutrient status (n = 9). The findings on gene-diet interactions in this review highlight the importance of personalized nutrition, and more research on undernutrition and micronutrient status is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yee Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J. Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Bai
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - GuYuan Tang
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Chan CL, Tan PY, Gong YY. Evaluating the impacts of school garden-based programmes on diet and nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and practices among the school children: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1251. [PMID: 35751069 PMCID: PMC9233338 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence suggests that school garden-based programmes (SGBP) may be a promising yet cost-effective intervention to improve children's knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on healthy eating. This review aimed to summarise and evaluate the evidence available on the impacts of SGBP in addressing diet and nutrition-related KAP among school-aged children. METHODS Five databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus were searched until February 2021. Randomised, non-randomised controlled and pre-post intervention studies investigating the impacts of SGBP on at least one of the outcomes of interest including diet and nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes towards fruits and vegetables (F&V), food diversity and dietary practice among school-aged children were included. Study selection and data extraction were performed by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by the other two reviewers in accordance with PRISMA guideline. Quality appraisal for studies included was assessed using American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. RESULTS A total of 10,836 records were identified, and 35 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. This includes 25,726 students from 341 schools and 8 nurseries from 12 countries. Intervention duration ranged from 6 weeks to 4 years with 18 studies involving a varied degree of parental participation. SGBP, which majorly includes school gardening activities, cooking lessons and nutrition education, demonstrated beneficial effects on children's nutritional knowledge, their attitudes and acceptability towards fruits and vegetables and children's dietary practices including the actual F&V consumption and dietary diversity. However, the impacts of SGBP on such outcomes were highly influenced by various social and environmental factors including the activities/components and duration of the intervention, parental involvement, sample size, and the age of children when interventions were first introduced. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that SGBP may be effective in promoting children's nutritional knowledge, attitudes and acceptability towards vegetables, however, the impacts may vary by the type, the extent, and the length of the programmes, and other factors such as parent involvement. Future SGBP is suggested to implement using a combined multidisciplinary approach targeting the children, parents, and community to effectively promote healthy eating among the children and prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ling Chan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pui Yee Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Ng CY, Amini F, Ahmad Bustami N, Tan ESS, Tan PY, Mitra SR. Association of DNA damage with vitamin D and hair heavy metals of obese women. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tan PY, Mitra SR. Dietary copper and selenium are associated with insulin resistance in overweight and obese Malaysian adults. Nutr Res 2021; 93:38-47. [PMID: 34358885 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance in or inadequate intake of micronutrients may impair insulin synthesis, secretion, and its signaling pathways. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) with insulin resistance (IR), in overweight/obese adults. We hypothesized that dietary Cu and Se are non-linearly associated with IR. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 128 non-diabetic overweight and obese Malaysian adults aged ≥18 years with a body mass index ≥23kg/m2. Dietary intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaire. IR was defined using a homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) threshold of ≥1.7. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) regression was performed to detect non-linearity and piecewise regression models were computed to examine the trend of associations at different cut off points. In this study, 45% (n = 57) of the study participants were found to be insulin resistant. A U-shaped non-linear relation between Se and HOMA-IR was observed. Three-piecewise regression models revealed positive association between Se and HOMA-IR in individuals with relatively low (<0.3 µg/kg/day) and high (≥1.01 µg/kg/day) intake of Se (β-coefficient= 3.835, CI = -12.216-19.886, P = .614; and β-coefficient = 0.785, CI = 0.386-1.185, P = .014, respectively). Significant positive association was only found between dietary Cu and HOMA-IR with intake of Cu ≥13.4 µg/kg/day, 0.276 (CI = 0.025-0.526; P = .033). In conclusion, our findings reveal that a critical balance in the dietary intake of copper and selenium is crucial for health, much more in insulin resistant and diabetic individuals. In the latter, treatment should include measured intake of both copper and selenium, personalized according to individual habitual food preferences and intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yee Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Soma Roy Mitra
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Ooi ZL, Tan PY, Tan LS, Yeap SP. Amine-based solvent for CO2 absorption and its impact on carbon steel corrosion: A perspective review. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tan PY, Mitra SR. The Combined Effect of Polygenic Risk from FTO and ADRB2 Gene Variants, Odds of Obesity, and Post-Hipcref Diet Differences. Lifestyle Genom 2020; 13:84-98. [PMID: 32101872 DOI: 10.1159/000505662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computing polygenic risk scores (PRS) to predict the degree of risk for obesity may contribute to weight management programs strategically. OBJECTIVES To investigate the combined effect of FTO rs9930501, rs9930506, and rs9932754 and ADRB2 rs1042713 and rs1042714 using PRS on (1) the odds of obesity and (2) post-intervention differences in dietary, anthropometric, and cardiometabolic parameters in response to high-protein calorie-restricted, high-vitamin E, high-fiber (Hipcref) diet intervention in Malaysian adults. METHODS Both a cross-sectional study (n = 178) and a randomized controlled trial (RCT) (n = 128) were conducted to test the aforementioned objectives. PRS was computed as the weighted sum of the risk alleles possessed by each individual participant. Participants were stratified into first (PRS 0-0.64), second (PRS 0.65-3.59), and third (PRS 3.60-8.18) tertiles. RESULTS The third tertile of PRS was associated with significantly higher odds of obesity: 2.29 (95% CI = 1.11-4.72, adjusted p = 0.025) compared to the first tertile. Indians (3.9 ± 0.3) had significantly higher PRS compared to Chinese (2.1 ± 0.4) (p = 0.010). In the RCT, a greater reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels was found in second and third tertiles after Hipcref diet intervention compared to the control diet (p interaction = 0.048). CONCLUSION Higher PRS was significantly associated with increased odds of obesity. Individuals with higher PRS had a significantly greater reduction in hsCRP levels after Hipcref diet compared to the control diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yee Tan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Soma Roy Mitra
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia,
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Tan PY, Tham WP, Yong YR. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (194). Singapore Med J 2019; 60:17-21. [DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2019005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lim JF, Sim AGH, Ng LCM, Tang CY, Tan PY, Chang WT. O-42 Effectiveness of an advance care planning advocates’ training programme in improving healthcare professionals’ perceptions towards advance care planning. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-000978.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tan PY, Furness J, Sohal AS, Ramesh V, Haider S. A case of intermediate uveitis as a precursor to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in a teenager. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:625-7. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Badruddoza AZM, Tay ASH, Tan PY, Hidajat K, Uddin MS. Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin conjugated magnetic nanoparticles as nano-adsorbents for removal of copper ions: synthesis and adsorption studies. J Hazard Mater 2011; 185:1177-86. [PMID: 21081259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel nano-adsorbent, carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin modified Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (CMCD-MNPs) is fabricated for removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by grafting CM-β-CD onto the magnetite surface via carbodiimide method. The characteristics results of FTIR, TEM, TGA and XPS show that CM-β-CD is grafted onto Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. The grafted CM-β-CD on the Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles contributes to an enhancement of the adsorption capacity because of the strong abilities of the multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in CM-β-CD to adsorb metal ions. The adsorption of Cu(2+) onto CMCD-MNPs is found to be dependent on pH and temperature. Adsorption equilibrium is achieved in 30 min and the adsorption kinetics of Cu(2+) is found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data for Cu(2+) adsorption are fitted well by Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(2+) ions is estimated to be 47.2mg/g at 25 °C. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters reveal the feasibility, spontaneity and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. FTIR and XPS reveal that Cu(2+) adsorption onto CMCD-MNPs mainly involves the oxygen atoms in CM-β-CD to form surface-complexes. In addition, the copper ions can be desorbed from CMCD-MNPs by citric acid solution with 96.2% desorption efficiency and the CMCD-MNPs exhibit good recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z M Badruddoza
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore
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Premchand N, Golds K, Tan PY, Bittiner I, Sanker N, Ong ELC. Continuing burden of HIV late presenters in the North East of England 2009. J Int AIDS Soc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3112881 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-s4-p107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Tan PY, Vukasin P, Chin ID, Ciona CJ, Ortega AE, Anthone GJ, Corman ML, Beart RW. The WAND local anesthetic delivery system: a more pleasant experience for anal anesthesia. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44:686-9. [PMID: 11376545 DOI: 10.1007/bf02234567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The WAND is a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system. Its use has been proven to be more comfortable for dental patients. The purpose of this study is to explore its applicability to anal procedures. Our hypothesis is that the WAND will provide greater comfort during anesthesia delivery while achieving the same anesthetic effect as traditional syringe technique. METHODS Twenty patients with painless anal pathology were randomized to receive anal anesthesia using either the WAND or traditional syringe technique to a randomly selected half of the anoderm (right or left). The opposite side was then anesthetized by the alternate method, allowing patients to act as their own control. Objective and subjective pain scores were obtained from the patient after each mode of delivery. An independent observer interpreted the patient's tolerance by giving a subjective pain score. The volume of anesthetic used was recorded. Adequacy of anesthesia was tested by a pinch test. RESULTS Sixteen (80 percent) of the 20 patients preferred the use of the WAND. Objective and subjective pain scores per the patients and subjective pain scores per the observer were significantly lower for the WAND than for traditional syringe technique (P < 0.05). The mean volume of local anesthetic used with the WAND was 1.7 ml compared with 3.2 ml for traditional syringe technique (P < 0.005). Anesthesia achieved with the WAND was as good as that achieved with traditional syringe technique when the pinch test was used. CONCLUSION The WAND is as effective as the traditional syringe technique in the delivery of anal anesthesia while providing a more comfortable experience for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Tan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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Critchley LA, Calcroft RM, Tan PY, Kew J, Critchley JA. The effect of lung injury and excessive lung fluid, on impedance cardiac output measurements, in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26:679-85. [PMID: 10945383 DOI: 10.1007/s001340051232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between the attenuation of impedance cardiac output (IC(co)) measurements and lung fluid content in critically ill patients. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Intensive Care Unit of a major teaching hospital in Hong Kong. PATIENTS Twenty-four critically ill patients who required a pulmonary artery catheter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Triplicate thermodilution cardiac output (TD(co)) and BoMed NCCOM3 (IC(co)) measurements were made simultaneously on a single occasion in each patient. Lung fluid accumulation was assessed by: (a) thoracic impedance (Zo), (b) radiological assessment of chest X-rays using an alveolar consolidation score (0-4) and (c) scoring the degree of hypoxia and use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Offsets (TD(co)-IC(co))/TD(co), expressed as percentage, were compared with these indices of excess lung fluid. Patients were divided into those with sepsis (n = 13), fluid balance problems (n = 5) and cardiothoracic problems (n = 6). Mean cardiac output values were: 6.7 l/min TD(co) (range 3.6-12.9) and 5.2 l/min IC(co) (range 2.7-9.0). Overall the TD(co) and IC(co) values showed great variance, with a bias and limits of agreement of 1.49 +/- 4.16 l/min, or +/- 69%. In septic patients, increasing offset was correlated with decreases in Zo (r = 0.73, P = 0.005) and increases in alveolar consolidation score (r = 0.72, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The BoMed under-estimates cardiac output in critically ill patients. In septic patients the degree of attenuation of IC(co) can be related to the extent of lung injury and fluid accumulation within the thorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Critchley
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, People's Republic of China.
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Gomersall CD, Tan PY, Joynt GM, Buckley TA, Wong E. Does intensive care improve outcome? Crit Care 1999. [PMCID: PMC3301950 DOI: 10.1186/cc622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Jenal U, Rechsteiner T, Tan PY, Bühlmann E, Meile L, Leisinger T. Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg. Cloning of the gene, nucleotide sequence, and localization of a base change conferring resistance to pseudomonic acid. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:10570-7. [PMID: 2037598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ileS gene encoding the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase of the thermophilic archaebacterium Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg was isolated and sequenced. ileS was closely flanked by an unknown open reading frame and by purL and thus is arranged differently from the organizations observed in several eubacteria or in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The deduced amino acid sequence of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase was compared with primary sequences of isoleucyl-, valyl-, leucyl-, and methionyl-tRNA synthetases from eubacteria and yeast. The archaebacterial enzyme fitted well into this group of enzymes. It contained the two short consensus sequences observed in class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as well as regions of homology with enzymes of the isoleucine family. Comparison between the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases of M. thermoautotrophicum yielded 36% amino acid identity with the yeast enzyme and 32% identity with the corresponding enzyme from Escherichia coli. The ileS gene of the pseudomonic acid-resistant M. thermoautotrophicum mutant MBT10 was also sequenced. The mutant enzyme had undergone a glycine to aspartic acid transition at position 590, in a conserved region comprising the KMSKS consensus sequence. The inhibition constants of pseudomonic acid, KiIle and KiATP, for the mutant enzyme were 10-fold higher than those determined for the wild-type enzyme. Both the mutant and the wild-type ileS gene were expressed in E. coli, and their products displayed the expected difference in sensitivity toward pseudomonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jenal
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, Switzerland
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Abstract
1. The vitamin A content of human liver tissue was determined in 363 autopsy samples. The sample comprised a total of 181 subjects dying after accidents and 182 dying from coronary heart disease among Singapore ethnic groups of both sexes. 2. The medium vitamin A reserve was 146 mg/kg in accident victims and 141 mg/kg in those who had died of coronary heart disease. Of all the samples 16% contained less than 40 mg/kg, 45% had 100-300 mg/kg, while 9% contained more than 500 mg/kg liver. 3. Among the accident victims, Indians had the lowest median liver vitamin A reserve (118 mg/kg) compared with that in other ethnic groups (137 mg/kg in Chinese, 191 mg/kg in Malays, 155 mg/kg in Caucasians). 4. The ethnic distribution of vitamin A reserve in coronary deaths was similar to that in accident victims. 5. There was no significant difference between the sexes in hepatic vitamin A reserve. 6. The distribution of vitamin A reserve in all the groups was skewed to the right.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore
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Abstract
A method is described for the preparation of both Factor X1 and Factor X2 from citrated bovine blood. The proteins from the plasma were first adsorbed on barium citrate by adding barium chloride solution. The precipitate formed was stirred with citrate/NaOH pH 6.9 buffer; barium and other clotting factors were removed by adding ammonium sulphate (up to 30% saturation) to the suspension. The Factor X was then precipitated by 65% ammonium sulphate, after resolution in citrate buffer chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex and purified by rechromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and DEAE-Sepharose, respectively. This yielded Factor X1 and Factor X2 with respective purifications of about 16 000 and 24 000-fold that of the plasma. The apparent molecular mass of both Factor X1 and Factor X2 was 55 kDa as estimated by the sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Factor X2 had a higher specific biological activity of about 340 000 units/mg compared to that of Factor X1 of about 230 000 units/mg.
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Abstract
Energy cost of rest and various common daily activities was measured in 7 male and 16 female medical students by using a Max-Planck respirometer and a Lloyd's gas analysis apparatus. The average weight of male and female subjects during the course of the study was 67.3 +/- 14.2 and 51.2 +/- 5.1 kg, respectively. The average energy expenditure per day was estimated from a diary of activities for a period of 7 days. The average daily intake of energy was computed from food tables and based on weighed amounts of raw materials of food consumed over the same 7-day period when energy expenditure was determined. The average energy expenditure of rest and different activities was found to be significantly lower than the figures published for western subjects. The daily energy intake and expenditure were 2,138 +/- 217 kcal (9.0 +/- 0.9 MJ) and 1,894 +/- 168 kcal (8.0 +/- 0.7 MJ), respectively, in male medical students, giving a positive balance of 244 kcal (1.0 MJ). The values of the same in female medical students were 1,711 +/- 292 kcal (7.2 +/- 1.2 MJ) and 1,474 +/- 211 kcal (6.2 +/- 0.9 MJ) with a balance of 237 kcal (1.0 MJ).
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Saha N, Tan PY. Serum vitamin C and total cholesterol levels in healthy adults. Singapore Med J 1983; 24:150-1. [PMID: 6635678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Saha N, Tan PY, Tan BH. The incidence of colour-blindness among different dialect groups of Chinese, Malay and Indian schoolboys in Singapore. Z Morphol Anthropol 1980; 71:107-109. [PMID: 6969497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Tan PY, Tan BH, Saha N. A study of hearing loss in Singapore school children. Singapore Med J 1973; 14:130-2. [PMID: 4741435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Banerjee B, Tan PY, Saha N. Calorie and nutrient intake of pregnant Asian women. Trop Geogr Med 1972; 24:249-52. [PMID: 4636098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Elliott AB, Tan PY. Influence of environmetal temperature on the mechanical strength of rat femur. J Physiol 1971; 218 Suppl:74P-75P. [PMID: 5130645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Madden JL, Tan PY, McCann WJ. An experimental and clinical study of cross ureteroureterostomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1967; 124:483-90. [PMID: 6018514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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