1
|
Wani RT, Nabi S, Nazir U, Haq I, Khan SMS. Effect of a structured health promotional program using the self-support groups on lifestyle behavior: The Ath Waas Interventional Trial. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 13:256. [PMID: 39309998 PMCID: PMC11414852 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1204_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ath Waas is a one-of-a-kind health promotion intervention that focuses on chronic disease prevention behaviors through peer support and social support network development. The goal of the study was to see how effective Ath Waas was in a city setting in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS From July 2018 to July 2019, we used a mixed-methods intervention research design including many sites. At 0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 months, data were collected using participant surveys and in-person interviews. Throughout the research period, participants met in groups at least once a month to self-monitor health indicators, prepare and share a healthy snack, engage in physical activity, create a healthy lifestyle goal, and socialize. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test, and inferences were drawn thereof. RESULTS There were statistically significant improvements in the majority of the domains of health from pre- to post-program, and 59% of participants reported specific behavioral changes as a result of their participation in the Ath Waas. Peer support, obtaining particular health knowledge, inspiration, motivation, or accountability, the empowering effect of monitoring one's own health indicators, overcoming social isolation, and knowing how to better access resources were all positive health outcomes. The mean knowledge scores for diabetes, hypertension, and nutrition in the first survey were 20.3 ± 2.1 and 5.2 ± 1.9 and in the last survey were 22.6 ± 3.1 (P < 0.05), 5.8 ± 2.4 (<.05), and 44.3 ± 3.9 (<0.001) after the intervention, respectively. CONCLUSION The necessity to find novel approaches to chronic illness prevention and management drove the implementation and evaluation of Ath Waas. While more research is needed to confirm the current findings, it looks like Ath Waas could be a useful tool for empowering community members to support one another while promoting healthy lifestyle choices and recognizing early changes.Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2019/01/017028 (registered on 10/01/2019).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabbanie Tariq Wani
- Department of Community Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sahila Nabi
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Umar Nazir
- Directorate of Health Services, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Inaamul Haq
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S M Salim Khan
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Żyrek J, Klimek M, Apanasewicz A, Ciochoń A, Danel DP, Marcinkowska UM, Mijas M, Ziomkiewicz A, Galbarczyk A. Social support during pregnancy and the risk of postpartum depression in Polish women: A prospective study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6906. [PMID: 38519648 PMCID: PMC10959954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Social support has been proposed as an important determinant of women's physical and emotional well-being during pregnancy and after childbirth. Our study aimed to examine the association between the risk of postpartum depression (PPD) and perceived social support during pregnancy. A web-based prospective study survey was conducted among Polish women. The level of social support was measured with the Berlin Social Support Scales during pregnancy. Four weeks after the birth the risk of PPD was assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Data from 932 mothers aged 19-43 (mean 30.95; SD 3.83) were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Higher perceived available support (emotional and instrumental), currently received support (emotional, instrumental and informational), satisfaction with the support, and sum of score were all associated with lower risk of PPD, after controlling for selected covariates (woman's age, socioeconomic status, parity status, place of residency, education, child's Apgar score, type of delivery, complications during birth, kin assisting the labor, breastfeeding). Our results suggest that the more social support the pregnant woman receives, the lower is her risk of PPD. Since humans evolved as cooperative breeders, they are inherently reliant on social support to raise children and such allomaternal help could improve maternal well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Żyrek
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- BirthRites Lise Meitner Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Magdalena Klimek
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Apanasewicz
- Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ciochoń
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz P Danel
- Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula M Marcinkowska
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mijas
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Ziomkiewicz
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
- BirthRites Lise Meitner Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
White LK, Kornfield SL, Himes MM, Forkpa M, Waller R, Njoroge WFM, Barzilay R, Chaiyachati BH, Burris HH, Duncan AF, Seidlitz J, Parish-Morris J, Elovitz MA, Gur RE. The impact of postpartum social support on postpartum mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:531-541. [PMID: 37268777 PMCID: PMC10238239 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Social support is an influential component of postpartum recovery, adjustment, and bonding, which was disrupted by social distancing recommendations related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports on changes in the availability of social support for postpartum women during the pandemic, investigates how those changes may have contributed to postpartum mental health, and probes how specific types of social support buffered against poor postpartum mental health and maternal-infant bonding impairment. Participants were 833 pregnant patients receiving prenatal care in an urban USA setting and using an electronic patient portal to access self-report surveys at two time points, during pregnancy (April-July 2020) and at ~12 weeks postpartum (August 2020-March 2021). Measures included an assessment of COVID-19 pandemic-related change in social support, sources of social support, ratings of emotional and practical support, and postpartum outcomes including depression, anxiety, and maternal-infant bonding. Overall self-reported social support decreased during the pandemic. Decreased social support was associated with an increased risk of postpartum depression, postpartum anxiety, and impaired parent-infant bonding. Among women reporting low practical support, emotional support appeared to protect against clinically significant depressive symptoms and impaired bonding with the infant. Decreases in social support are associated with a risk for poor postpartum mental health outcomes and impaired maternal-infant bonding. Evaluation and promotion of social support are recommended for healthy adjustment and functioning of postpartum women and families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K White
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sara L Kornfield
- Penn Center for Women's Behavioral Wellness, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Megan M Himes
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Markolline Forkpa
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wanjikũ F M Njoroge
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Policy Lab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Barbara H Chaiyachati
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Heather H Burris
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrea F Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julia Parish-Morris
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michal A Elovitz
- Women's Biomedical Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Raquel and Jaime Gilinski Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chávez-Tostado M, Chávez-Tostado KV, Cervantes-Guevara G, Cervantes-Cardona G, Hernandez-Corona DM, González-Heredia T, Méndez-Del Villar M, Corona-Meraz FI, Guzmán-Ornelas MO, Barbosa-Camacho FJ, Álvarez-Villaseñor AS, Cervantes-Pérez E, Fuentes-Orozco C, Barrera-López NG, López-Bernal NE, González-Ojeda A. Breastfeeding Practices and Postpartum Depression in Mexican Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1330. [PMID: 37512141 PMCID: PMC10385480 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding is a characteristic process of mammals that ensures delivery of an adequate nutritional supply to infants. It is the gold standard food source during an infant's first months of life. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, people in quarantine have experienced a wide range of feelings, which may make isolation challenging in terms of maternal health. This study focused on the prevalence of breastfeeding practices and postpartum depression (PPD) among Mexican women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 586 postpartum women who completed an online survey 4-8 weeks after delivery from April to December 2020 in Guadalajara, Mexico. The aim was to identify potentially depressed mothers according to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and describe their breastfeeding practices. Results: The mean maternal age was 30.4 ± 4.6 years, the mean EPDS score was 9.6 ± 5.0, and the PPD prevalence according EPDS scores was 27.1%. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was reported by 32.3% of mothers in the first 48 h and by 70.3% of mothers 48 h after delivery. EBF was associated with a lower prevalence of PPD during the first 48 h (p = 0.015) and after the first 48 h (p = 0.001) after delivery. Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) was reported by 385 (65.7%) mothers. PPD was less frequent in mothers practicing SSC (20.3%) than it was in those not practicing SSC (40.3%) (p = 0.001). A higher percentage of mothers practiced SSC breastfed (66.9%) and used EBF (150, 79.4%) (p = 0.012 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Results suggest that the pandemic emergency and restrictions imposed on the population significantly affected the well-being of mothers after birth, and that these effects may have posed risks to the mental health and emotional stability of postpartum mothers. Therefore, encouraging BF or EBF and SSC may improve or limit depressive symptoms in postpartum mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Chávez-Tostado
- Departamento de Reproducción, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44410, Mexico
| | | | - Gabino Cervantes-Guevara
- Departamento de Bienestar y Desarrollo Sustentable, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán 46200, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Cervantes-Cardona
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosóficas, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44410, Mexico
| | - Diana Mercedes Hernandez-Corona
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh González-Heredia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Mexico
| | - Miriam Méndez-Del Villar
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Isadora Corona-Meraz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Mexico
| | - Milton Omar Guzmán-Ornelas
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Mexico
| | | | | | - Enrique Cervantes-Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Natalia Guadalupe Barrera-López
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Noelia Esthela López-Bernal
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Alejandro González-Ojeda
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ling L, Eraso Y, Mascio VD. First-generation Nigerian mothers living in the UK and their experience of postnatal depression: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2023; 28:738-756. [PMID: 36183149 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2022.2128069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies emphasise the negative psychological and physical consequences of Postnatal Depression (PND) on mothers and children's health. In the UK, around 10-20% of women can be affected by perinatal mental health problems. Minority ethnic groups such as Black African mothers are considered to be at greater risk of developing PND and data estimates that immigrant mothers are twice more likely to develop PND than native mothers. The unique experiences and needs of this culturally diverse group remain little explored in the UK. To address this gap in the literature, this study aimed to explore the lived experiences of First-Generation Nigerian Mothers (FGNMs) who suffered PND, their coping behaviours and treatment experiences in the UK. DESIGN Six FGNMs with a previous diagnosis of PND and treatment experiences were purposefully recruited from GP practices and social groups attended by Nigerian mothers in the UK. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. RESULTS Three master and seven subordinate themes were identified: (i) Socio-cultural factors (Inter-generational transmission; cultural perceptions: shame and stigma; transitions: adjusting to a new culture); (ii) What about me? The neglected nurturer (experiences of treatment; pretending to be OK); and (iii) Loneliness and coping (lack of support from partner; self-reliance). CONCLUSIONS The study provides evidence about the difficulties encountered by FGNMs in relation to PND, including socio-cultural factors, neglect from family and healthcare professionals, and self-reliance as a coping strategy. Contrary to reports suggesting that Black ethnic groups do not seek help for their mental health needs, participants' accounts indicated that their attempts to engage with professionals were met with unsatisfactory responses. The findings highlight the need to address barriers affecting access to services by fostering a patient-centred and culturally sensitive approach in healthcare teams to effectively engage mothers at an early stage in the detection pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Ling
- Bucks Adult Eating Disorders Service, The Whiteleaf Centre, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Yolanda Eraso
- Centre for Primary Health and Social Care, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Verity Di Mascio
- School of Social Sciences and Professions, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Inkster B, Kadaba M, Subramanian V. Understanding the impact of an AI-enabled conversational agent mobile app on users' mental health and wellbeing with a self-reported maternal event: a mixed method real-world data mHealth study. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1084302. [PMID: 37332481 PMCID: PMC10272556 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1084302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal mental health care is variable and with limited accessibility. Artificial intelligence (AI) conversational agents (CAs) could potentially play an important role in supporting maternal mental health and wellbeing. Our study examined data from real-world users who self-reported a maternal event while engaging with a digital mental health and wellbeing AI-enabled CA app (Wysa) for emotional support. The study evaluated app effectiveness by comparing changes in self-reported depressive symptoms between a higher engaged group of users and a lower engaged group of users and derived qualitative insights into the behaviors exhibited among higher engaged maternal event users based on their conversations with the AI CA. Methods Real-world anonymised data from users who reported going through a maternal event during their conversation with the app was analyzed. For the first objective, users who completed two PHQ-9 self-reported assessments (n = 51) were grouped as either higher engaged users (n = 28) or lower engaged users (n = 23) based on their number of active session-days with the CA between two screenings. A non-parametric Mann-Whitney test (M-W) and non-parametric Common Language effect size was used to evaluate group differences in self-reported depressive symptoms. For the second objective, a Braun and Clarke thematic analysis was used to identify engagement behavior with the CA for the top quartile of higher engaged users (n = 10 of 51). Feedback on the app and demographic information was also explored. Results Results revealed a significant reduction in self-reported depressive symptoms among the higher engaged user group compared to lower engaged user group (M-W p = .004) with a high effect size (CL = 0.736). Furthermore, the top themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis revealed users expressed concerns, hopes, need for support, reframing their thoughts and expressing their victories and gratitude. Conclusion These findings provide preliminary evidence of the effectiveness and engagement and comfort of using this AI-based emotionally intelligent mobile app to support mental health and wellbeing across a range of maternal events and experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Becky Inkster
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wysa Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Emmott EH, Gilliland A, Lakshmi Narasimhan A, Myers S. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on postpartum mothers in London, England: An online focus group study. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37361305 PMCID: PMC10184075 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Aims This study examines the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on postpartum mothers in England, with the aim of identifying opportunities to improve maternal experience and wellbeing. The postpartum/postnatal period is widely acknowledged as a time when mothers require greater levels of support from multiple sources. However, stay-at-home orders, commonly known as "lockdown," deployed in some countries to limit COVID-19 transmission reduced access to support. In England, many postpartum mothers navigated household isolation within an intensive mothering and expert parenting culture. Examining the impact of lockdown may reveal strengths and weaknesses in current policy and practice. Subject and methods We conducted online focus groups involving 20 mothers living in London, England, with "lockdown babies," following up on our earlier online survey on social support and maternal wellbeing. We thematically analysed focus group transcripts, and identified key themes around Lockdown Experience and Determinants of Lockdown Experience. Results Participants raised some positives of lockdown, including fostering connections and protection from external expectations, but also raised many negatives, including social isolation, institutional abandonment, and intense relationships within the household. Potential reasons behind variations in lockdown experience include physical environments, timing of birth, and number of children. Our findings reflect how current systems may be "trapping" some families into the male-breadwinner/female-caregiver family model, while intensive mothering and expert parenting culture may be increasing maternal stress and undermining responsive mothering. Conclusions Facilitating partners to stay at home during the postpartum period (e.g., increasing paternity leave and flexible working) and establishing peer/community support to decentre reliance on professional parenting experts may promote positive postpartum maternal experience and wellbeing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-023-01922-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily H. Emmott
- UCL Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton St, London, WC1H 0BW England
| | - Astor Gilliland
- UCL Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton St, London, WC1H 0BW England
| | | | - Sarah Myers
- UCL Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton St, London, WC1H 0BW England
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- BirthRites Lise Meitner Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sussman H. Alone (together): becoming a parent in the pandemic. JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/0075417x.2022.2161002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sussman
- Tavistock and Portman NHS Trust, 120 Belsize Lane, London NW3 5BA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Low SR, Bono SA, Azmi Z. Prevalence and Factors of Postpartum Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36643791 PMCID: PMC9825082 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic has led to several mandatory prevention regulations, changes in healthcare services, unprecedented unemployment rates, financial stress, and emotional worries. Given the increasing cases of COVID-19, coupled with the drastic physical and psychological changes within postpartum mothers during the postpartum period, this paper aims to present an overview of the postpartum depression (PPD) among postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The postpartum period is characterized by drastic physical changes and substantial demands on parental role adjustment, and it places enormous stress on the mothers and makes them vulnerable to mental health problems. A literature search was conducted in four electronic databases (ScienceDirect, Scopus, Wiley, and SAGE) with different combinations of keywords were used. As the result, 25 articles that involved 10,515 postpartum women from 14 countries were extracted. Results have recorded PPD prevalence ranged from 6.4% to 56.9% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Limited social support, social isolation, fear of COVID-19 exposure, or infection for themselves, newborns, have worsening PPD symptoms among postpartum women. In brief, early detection, appropriate and timely intervention is needed to prevent and identify PPD among postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-04181-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Rou Low
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Zaireeni Azmi
- Unit for Research on Women and Gender (KANITA), School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muhaidat N, AlQuabeh B, AbdulGhani W. Insights into women's experiences of giving birth during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic in Jordan, a cross-sectional survey. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231199038. [PMID: 37732465 PMCID: PMC10515599 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231199038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2019, the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic and its consequences from restrictions to risks have impacted our lives in all aspects. Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to the changes that were implemented as a result of the shift in healthcare priorities and the medical and social implications of the lockdown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the experience of giving birth during the pandemic, how this is affected by acquiring coronavirus disease-19 infection, and its effect on postnatal mood. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted which involved 490 women who gave birth during the pandemic across the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. METHODS An electronic questionnaire was distributed among women experiencing childbirth during this period in Jordan by advertising it on social media platforms targeting pregnant women and mothers. The sample size was statistically determined to be representative of the population. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows v.27. RESULTS The study demonstrated that getting infected with the virus throughout the pregnancy did not affect the childbirth experience with respect to the parameters measured, but other factors during the pandemic such as the type of hospital and mode of delivery did. Positive interaction with staff in the delivery suite was a major determinant of a positive birth experience. Women associated low mood post-delivery with giving birth in pandemic circumstances, and it affected first-time mothers more than multiparous women. CONCLUSION Although the acquisition of coronavirus disease-19 infection did not have a significant impact on women's childbirth experience, several pandemic-related factors did. Given the importance of a woman's perception and evaluation of events surrounding her birth experience in determining her postnatal physical and psychological well-being, having to give birth during the pandemic circumstances, especially for first-time mothers, can have potentially detrimental consequences that may affect her health and reproductive choices in the future. The results of this study offer a better understanding of the effect of pandemic and lockdown circumstances on the perceived experience of mothers during childbirth and postnatally and factors that should be taken into consideration when planning healthcare provision to this population in future similar conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Muhaidat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chang Y, Li KMC, Chien L, Lee EY, Hong SA, Coca KP. Associations between breastfeeding intention, breastfeeding practices and post-natal depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country cross-sectional study. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022; 19:e13450. [PMID: 36349949 PMCID: PMC9749603 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Associations between breastfeeding intention, duration and post-natal depression (PND) have been shown in pre-COVID-19 studies. However, studies during COVID-19 have not examined the associations between breastfeeding intention, breastfeeding practices, and PND in an international sample of post-natal women, taking into consideration COVID-19 related factors. This is the first study to address this gap as both PND and breastfeeding may be affected by COVID-19, and have important long-term effects on women's and infant's health. A cross-sectional internet-based survey was conducted with 3253 post-natal women from five countries: Brazil, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United Kingdom from July to November 2021. The results showed that women who intended to breastfeed during pregnancy had lower odds of having PND than women who did not intend to. Women who had no breastfeeding intention but actually breastfed had greater odds (AOR 1.75) of having PND than women who intended to breastfeed and actually breastfed. While there was no statistical significance in expressed breast milk feeding in multivariable logistic regression models, women who had shorter duration of breastfeeding directly on breast than they planned had greater odds (AOR 1.58) of having PND than those who breastfed longer than they planned even after adjusting for covariates including COVID-19-related variables. These findings suggested the importance of working with women on their breastfeeding intention. Tailored support is required to ensure women's breastfeeding needs are met and at the same time care for maternal mental health during and beyond the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Shing Chang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative CareKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kan M. C. Li
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative CareKing's College LondonLondonUK,Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustEvelina London Children's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Li‐Yin Chien
- Institute of Community Health Care, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityYang‐Ming CampusTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Eun Y. Lee
- Department of NursingCatholic Kkottongnae UniversityCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Seo A. Hong
- ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentMahidol UniversityNakhon PathomThailand,Institute for Health and SocietyHanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kelly P. Coca
- Department of Women's Health Nursing, Escola Paulista de EnfermagemUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Patulny R, Bower M. Beware the "loneliness gap"? Examining emerging inequalities and long-term risks of loneliness and isolation emerging from COVID-19. THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2022; 57:562-583. [PMID: 35942301 PMCID: PMC9349775 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests COVID lockdowns have not only increased the social problem of loneliness but widened the 'loneliness gap' between the most and least lonely people. Qualitative investigation can reveal why this gap might have increased, for whom, and whether the loneliness gap will remain long term. Using multi-wave qualitative survey data conducted during Australia's 2020 lockdown period and beyond, we examine personal experiences of interaction transitioning out of lockdown. We find substantial and uneven impacts of COVID lasting well beyond lockdown. Participants reported heightened loneliness attributable to: physical isolation, health anxieties, ceased activities, reduced connection quality, and poor motivation. COVID also created new interactive difficulties for singles, those with physical and mental disabilities, their carers, and those with low social capital. There was also reported 'pruning' of social networks (i.e. reduced bridging, increased bonding social capital), and evidence that increased digital interaction did not substitute for lost physical contact. Younger people also experienced isolating COVID-induced life disruptions (e.g. travel, university attendance etc). Findings suggest COVID has increased potential long-term inequalities in loneliness, highlight the post COVID risks faced by vulnerable groups, and suggest caution in advocating digital solutions as a panacea for diminished physical interaction in the post-pandemic world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Patulny
- Arts Social Science and HumanitiesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marlee Bower
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Radey M, Lowe S, Langenderfer-Magruder L, Posada K. "Showing Everybody's True Colors": Informal networks of low-income single mothers and their young children during the COVID-19 pandemic. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2022; 137:106479. [PMID: 35311026 PMCID: PMC8923715 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Extensive evidence suggests low-income mothers depend upon their families and friends for emotional, practical, and economic support in times of need. This is the first study to examine the operation of low-income mothers' informal support networks and the impact of such networks on maternal well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. We interviewed low-income, single mothers of young children (<12 years; N = 34) twice over Summer 2020 to consider mothers' decisions around network engagement and how their interactions contributed to their well-being. Consistent with the social capital framework and previous studies, most mothers turned to their networks and exchanged support. Thematic analysis uncovered 4 inter-related themes of mothers' experiences: (1) discovering emotionally-available networks, (2) navigating resource-limited networks, (3) reassessing network member relationships, and (4) establishing boundaries for in-person contact. Although emotionally valuable, networks could not meet increased economic and child care needs. The COVID-19 pandemic's economic impact and its impact on time use tested network relationships with some relationships strengthening and others dissolving. Widely-available emotional support was essential to mothers adapting to the pandemic. Safe, affordable child care options coupled with accessible, economic supplements can promote well-being among single mothers and their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Radey
- Florida State University, College of Social Work, United States
| | - Sarah Lowe
- Yale University, School of Public Health, United States
| | | | - Kristine Posada
- Florida State University, College of Social Work, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gray A, Barnett J. Welcoming new life under lockdown: Exploring the experiences of first-time mothers who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Health Psychol 2022; 27:534-552. [PMID: 34633132 PMCID: PMC8646741 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore how first-time mothers in the UK experienced new parenthood during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. DESIGN This study used a cross-sectional exploratory, qualitative interview design. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten first-time mothers who had given birth since COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULT Experiences of new, first-time mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic were organized around two themes. First, new mothers felt an overwhelming sense of responsibility for their baby which was heightened by the pandemic. The challenge of meeting this responsibility was heightened in the context of societal expectations to do the 'right' thing and uncertainty and distrust around official guidance about COVID-19. Secondly, the expected transition into motherhood was altered by the pandemic. Disruption to the birthing experience, an inability to connect with close friends and family, and limited healthcare support was perceived to be detrimental. However, altered social expectations and the increased presence of the partner were perceived as positives. CONCLUSION Many of the common challenges experienced by new, first-time mothers have been amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Public policy and scientific research must target this group in order to protect this population from the negative impact of the remaining COVID-19 pandemic and any future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gray
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Humanities and Social SciencesUniversity of BathUK
| | - Julie Barnett
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Humanities and Social SciencesUniversity of BathUK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Safi‐Keykaleh M, Aliakbari F, Safarpour H, Safari M, Tahernejad A, Sheikhbardsiri H, Sahebi A. Prevalence of postpartum depression in women amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022; 157:240-247. [PMID: 35122433 PMCID: PMC9087783 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreaks appear to be related to exacerbation of psychological problems such as depression and anxiety in high-risk population such as pregnant women and the postpartum period due to stress and life-threatening illnesses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) during COVID-19. This study protocol is registered in PROSPERO with CRD42021278425 code. Data sources including Google Scholar, ISC, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science and reference list of included articles were used to identify related studies. Observational studies that reported the prevalence of PPD in both Persian and English during COVID-19 between January 20, 2020 and August 31, 2021 were included. Data were collected and analyzed with a random effects model for meta-analysis. In this study, 671 initial articles were identified and after removing duplicates, 454 studies were screened and finally 24 studies entered the meta-analysis stage. According to this study results PPD based on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) ≥9, EPDS ≥10, EPDS ≥11, EPDS ≥12, EPDS ≥13, Postpartum Depression Screening Scale-Short Form (PDSS-SF) ≥17 and total prevalence was reported 12% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.07-17, I2 = 97%), 27% (95% CI = 15-39, I2 = 99%), 44% (95% CI = 40-49, I2 = 0.0%), 27% (95% CI = 0.06-49, I2 = 97.4%), 28% (95% CI = 18-39, I2 = 98.5%), 37% (95% CI = 32-42), 28% (95% CI = 23-33, I2 = 98.5%). The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of PPD in women is relatively high during COVID-19. Therefore, considering the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of pregnancy and the postpartum period in terms of the emergence of mental disorders, especially depression, it seems necessary to perform interventions and physical and psychological support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Safi‐Keykaleh
- Nahavand School of Allied Medical SciencesHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Fatemeh Aliakbari
- Community‐Oriented Nursing Midwifery ResearchShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Hamid Safarpour
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and MidwiferyIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | - Mehdi Safari
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and SafetyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Azadeh Tahernejad
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and SafetyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research CenterInstitute for Future Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Ali Sahebi
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raiff EM, D’Antonio KM, Mai C, Monk C. Mental Health in Obstetric Patients and Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2022; 65:203-215. [PMID: 34857681 PMCID: PMC8767924 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric morbidity is the most common childbirth complication with 1 in 5 women experiencing a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder. The cost of this psychiatric morbidity is pervasive, contributing to devastating maternal health, child developmental, and economic consequences. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and associated changes to perinatal experiences, resulted in profound psychological reactions including increased anxiety, depression, stress disorders, and sleep disturbance, further impacting obstetric patients. Providers' mental health has been challenged by moral injury and shared trauma. This article reviews mental health outcomes in regard to the COVID-19 pandemic for obstetric patients and their providers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Mai
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Catherine Monk
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morton A, Adams C. Health visiting in England: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health Nurs 2022; 39:820-830. [PMID: 35099079 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This focused review of evidence considers the impact of the pandemic in 2020 on families with children under 5 years in England, and the health visiting (HV) service that supports them. . Data were drawn from national surveys of health visitors (HVs) and parents, a freedom of information request of employers, published research, and national data. Framework analysis and triangulation, using the Key Elements of an effective HV service, were used to categorize the key findings. The findings from the review indicate that the impacts of the pandemic were wide-ranging and disproportionately affected the most disadvantaged families, increasing demand for HV support. HVs' ability to respond was compromised due to national policy decisions to partially stop the service and variations in local implementation including the redeployment of HVs, pre-existing workforce capacity issues, and the effectiveness of innovations to identify and support vulnerable families. The pandemic exacerbated factors that can lead to poorer outcomes for families. Key learning from the pandemic response, including the need to prioritize the HV service, must be acted upon to reduce ongoing impacts now and ensure that the service is equipped for future emergencies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Behavioral Ecology of the Family: Harnessing Theory to Better Understand Variation in Human Families. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10070275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers across the social sciences have long been interested in families. How people make decisions such as who to marry, when to have a baby, how big or small a family to have, or whether to stay with a partner or stray are questions that continue to interest economists, sociologists, demographers, and anthropologists. Human families vary across the globe; different cultures have different marriage practices, different ideas about who raises children, and even different notions of what a family is. Human behavioral ecology is a branch of anthropology that is particularly interested in cultural variation of family systems and how these differences impact upon the people that inhabit them; the children, parents, grandparents. It draws on evolutionary theory to direct research and generate testable hypotheses to uncover how different ecologies, including social contexts, can explain diversity in families. In this Special Issue on the behavioral ecology of the family, we have collated a selection of papers that showcase just how useful this framework is for understanding cultural variation in families, which we hope will convince other social scientists interested in family research to draw upon evolutionary and ecological insight in their own work.
Collapse
|