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Carreras F, Moulin CJA, Tales A, Barnes CM, Souchay C. Metacognitive processes accompanying the first stages of autobiographical retrieval in the self-memory system. Memory 2024; 32:776-789. [PMID: 38963905 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2370532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
According to Conway's view, Autobiographical memory (AM) construction is accompanied by control processes. These processes range from filtering out relevant memories according to the current context, to generating or elaborating appropriate retrieval cues. These processes can be conceptualised as metacognition, the ability to control and monitor cognitive processes. Experimentally, little has been carried out to support the idea that metacognition is involved in AM. To assess this, we designed a task, the Feeling of Retrieval. Participants had to predict whether cue words would facilitate AM access (i.e., fluent access cues) or not (i.e., limited access cues) in a limited time (either 1 (Exp. 2) or 2 (Exp. 1) s). Later, they retrieved memories in response to both types of cues. Results show that cues judged as fluent access led to better AM generation, as illustrated by AM retrieval latency and a subjective measure of the ease with which the AMs were retrieved. These rapid predictions may rely on epistemic feelings and / or other mnemonic cues such as a partial retrieval of information. This metacognitive access to the earliest stages of AM retrieval illustrates the ability to monitor AM processes as proposed by Conway (2005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Carreras
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
- Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research (CADR), Swansea University, Wales, UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Chris J A Moulin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrea Tales
- Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research (CADR), Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Claire M Barnes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Céline Souchay
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
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Khatin-Zadeh O, Farsani D, Hu J, Marmolejo-Ramos F. The role of perceptual and action effector strength of graphs and bases of mathematical metaphors in the metaphorical processing of mathematical concepts. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1178095. [PMID: 37621934 PMCID: PMC10445147 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1178095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaphors that describe an abstract concept in terms of a motion concept are widely used to enhance our understanding of abstract concepts. These metaphors are used not only in our daily language but also in learning mathematics. As an example, in the process of understanding the abstract representation of a mathematical concept, a graphical representation may play the role of a mediatory domain. This graphical representation could have a high degree of perceptual and action effector strength. This is particularly the case when a gestures (as a motion) is used to depict the graphical representation. After looking at this example, we discuss perceptual and action effector strength of the base domains of several mathematical metaphors that describe mathematical concepts in terms of spatial and motion concepts. Then, based on the data in the Lancaster Sensorimotor Norms, it is suggested that high degrees of perceptual and action effector strength of the base domains of these metaphors play an important role in the grounding of abstract mathematical concepts in the physical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Khatin-Zadeh
- School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Danyal Farsani
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jiehui Hu
- School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Lee J, Shin JA. The cross-linguistic comparison of perceptual strength norms for Korean, English and L2 English. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1188909. [PMID: 37538997 PMCID: PMC10395129 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1188909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish perceptual strength norms for 1,000 words in the languages of Korean, English, and L2 English, in order to investigate the similarity and difference across languages as well as the influence of the environment on semantic processing. The perceptual strength norms, which are a collection of word profiles that summarize how a word is experienced through different sensory modalities including the five common senses and interoception, provide a valuable tool for testing embodiment cognition theory. The results of this study demonstrated that language users had parallel sensory experiences with concepts, and that L2 learners were also able to associate their sensory experiences with linguistic concepts. Additionally, the results highlighted the importance of incorporating interoception as a sensory modality in the development of perceptual strength norms, as it had a negative correlation with both vision and concreteness. This study was the first to establish norms for Korean and L2 English and directly compare languages using the identical and translation-equivalent word list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyun Lee
- Department of English Language and Literature, College of Humanities, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Shin
- Department of English Language and Literature, College of Humanities, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Khatin-Zadeh O, Farsani D, Hu J, Eskandari Z, Zhu Y, Banaruee H. A Review of Studies Supporting Metaphorical Embodiment. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:585. [PMID: 37504032 PMCID: PMC10376178 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a review of studies that have provided evidence supporting metaphorical embodiment. These studies are divided into three categories of behavioral, neuroimaging, and corpus studies. After summing up the findings of these studies, it is concluded that metaphorical embodiment is supported by these three lines of research. This is followed by a review of a number of studies that have measured sensorimotor and action effector strengths of various concepts. Then, the idea of sensorimotor and action effector strength of concepts is linked to metaphorical embodiment to present the main idea of the paper. Based on the findings of studies that have measured sensorimotor and action effector strengths of concepts, it is suggested that the degree of involvement of sensorimotor systems in mental simulation of metaphoric actions may not be at the same level in all metaphors. It depends on the sensorimotor strength of the base of the metaphor in various modalities. If the base of a metaphor has a high degree of perceptual strength in a certain modality, that modality plays the most important role in the processing of that metaphor, while other modalities take less important roles. In other words, depending on the sensorimotor strengths of the base of a metaphor in various modalities, those modalities have various levels of importance in the processing of that metaphor. If the base of the metaphor is weak in all modalities, modal resources can come into play to process that metaphor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Khatin-Zadeh
- School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Danyal Farsani
- Department of Teacher Education, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jiehui Hu
- School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zahra Eskandari
- Department of English, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar 99717-56499, Iran
| | - Yanjiao Zhu
- School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hassan Banaruee
- Department of English, American, and Celtic Studies, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Khatin-Zadeh O, Hu J, Banaruee H, Marmolejo-Ramos F. How emotions are metaphorically embodied: measuring hand and head action strengths of typical emotional states. Cogn Emot 2023:1-13. [PMID: 36843280 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2181314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
This study measured hand and head action strengths of eight typical emotional states using an authentic but implicit emotion elicitation task. Participants listened to and then retold five stories in which eight typical emotional states were experienced by the narrators. The number of hand and head gestures that occur naturally while experiencing an emotional state was used as an index to determine the hand and head action strength of that emotional state. Results showed a larger number of head gestures than hand gestures, suggesting that head action strengths of the eight emotional states are stronger than their hand action strengths. These findings are consistent with the data extracted from Lancaster Sensorimotor Norms (LSN), although the two sets of data were gathered in two completely different experimental conditions and in two different languages. Furthermore, our data showed a prototypical directionality effect for the typical emotional states, specifically, happiness, anger and pride were primarily accompanied by upward gestures but downward gestures for sadness and shame; surprise was primarily accompanied by forward gestures but backward gestures for fear and disgust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Khatin-Zadeh
- School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehui Hu
- School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hassan Banaruee
- Department of English, American, and Celtic Studies, The University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos
- Center for Change and Complexity in Learning, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Differences related to aging in sensorimotor knowledge: Investigation of perceptual strength and body object interaction. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 102:104715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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