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Steiner LM, Tolotti A, Valcarenghi D, Balice-Bourgois C, Luca CE, Villa M, Liptrott SJ, Biegger A, Bonetti L. "You always think the worst …" Family members' experiences during the COVID-19 emergency: A qualitative descriptive study. Aust Crit Care 2024; 37:659-666. [PMID: 38176994 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of family members of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for COVID-19 during the first and second waves of the pandemic in Switzerland. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive approach was used in this study. METHODS Face-to-face in-depth semistructured interviews were used to explore the experiences of family members of surviving COVID-19 patients, who were admitted to the ICU. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and wereanalysed using Braun and Clarke thematic analysis. In our context, family visits were prohibited during the first and second waves of the pandemic. FINDINGS Fifteen family members participated. Interviews were conducted between October 2020 and March 2021. Data analysis identified three main themes: (i) becoming a pillar of support for all; (ii) dealing with uncertainty; and (iii) a trajectory of emotions. Five subthemes are reported within these themes. The primary concern was the need for information due to visitation restrictions. This led to stress as many became the main communication source for other family members and friends. Coping strategies to support the ongoing uncertainty included daily routines, work, and prayer. The inability to visit and the lack of information led to a range of conflicting emotions, such as feeling of helplessness, which were countered by the gratitude that their loved ones had survived. CONCLUSION This study highlights the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the family members of ICU patients. It emphasises their struggle for information, adaptation to new roles, and coping mechanisms amidst uncertainty. Although they experienced predominantly negative emotions, the recovery and return of their loved ones triggered a sense of gratitude. This study sheds light on the crucial role of social support. Such findings may have implications for nursing practice in effectively addressing the concerns and priorities of family members in similar emergency situations, thereby improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maria Steiner
- Competence Centre of Nursing Research, Department of Nursing, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Viale Officina, 3, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Angela Tolotti
- Nursing Development and Research Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Gallino, 12, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Dario Valcarenghi
- Competence Centre of Nursing Research, Department of Nursing, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Viale Officina, 3, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Nursing Development and Research Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Gallino, 12, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Colette Balice-Bourgois
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Ospedale, 1, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Corina Elena Luca
- Nursing Development and Research Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Gallino, 12, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Regional Hospital of Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete, 46, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michele Villa
- Cardiocentro Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete, 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Jayne Liptrott
- Nursing Development and Research Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Gallino, 12, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Regional Hospital of Bellinzona e Valli, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Ospedale, 12, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Annette Biegger
- Nursing direction, Department of Nursing, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Loris Bonetti
- Competence Centre of Nursing Research, Department of Nursing, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Viale Officina, 3, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Wang S, Huang Y, Fan AYN, Ho MH, Davidson PM. Factors influencing the psychosocial well-being of people with dementia and their informal caregivers: A systematic review of dyadic studies. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:560-581. [PMID: 38131462 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with dementia and their informal caregivers face significant challenges to their psychosocial well-being, necessitating immediate attention. In spite of the prevalence of this problem, there is limited data regarding the factors that influence the dyadic psychosocial well-being and potential actor-partner influencing mechanisms. Therefore, this review was conducted to synthesise the factors associated with the psychosocial well-being of people with dementia and their informal caregivers. MEDLINE via EBSCOhost, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase and Scopus were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Quantitative, qualitative or mixed-method studies examining the factors influencing dyadic psychosocial well-being outcomes were included. The quality of included studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklists. A narrative synthesis approach was employed for data analysis. A total of 3217 records were yield, out of which 26 studies were included in the analysis. Quality of life emerged as the most extensively investigated dyadic psychosocial well-being outcome, followed by depression. The interrelation between the quality of life for people with dementia and caregivers was observed, where individual members' quality of life was influenced by their own, partner and dyadic factors. However, there is a dearth of research exploring the mechanisms through which one member's factors exert influence on both their own and partner's quality of life within the dyad. This gap also exists for other psychosocial well-being outcomes, such as depression and anxiety. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which dyadic members influence their own and their partner's psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Huang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Avis Yat Ngar Fan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mu-Hsing Ho
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3708-3821. [PMID: 38689398 PMCID: PMC11095490 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including prevalence and incidence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care and the ramifications of AD for family caregivers, the dementia workforce and society. The Special Report discusses the larger health care system for older adults with cognitive issues, focusing on the role of caregivers and non-physician health care professionals. An estimated 6.9 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060, barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent or cure AD. Official AD death certificates recorded 119,399 deaths from AD in 2021. In 2020 and 2021, when COVID-19 entered the ranks of the top ten causes of death, Alzheimer's was the seventh-leading cause of death in the United States. Official counts for more recent years are still being compiled. Alzheimer's remains the fifth-leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2021, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 140%. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.4 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2023. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $346.6 billion in 2023. Its costs, however, extend to unpaid caregivers' increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Members of the paid health care and broader community-based workforce are involved in diagnosing, treating and caring for people with dementia. However, the United States faces growing shortages across different segments of the dementia care workforce due to a combination of factors, including the absolute increase in the number of people living with dementia. Therefore, targeted programs and care delivery models will be needed to attract, better train and effectively deploy health care and community-based workers to provide dementia care. Average per-person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are almost three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 22 times as great. Total payments in 2024 for health care, long-term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $360 billion. The Special Report investigates how caregivers of older adults with cognitive issues interact with the health care system and examines the role non-physician health care professionals play in facilitating clinical care and access to community-based services and supports. It includes surveys of caregivers and health care workers, focusing on their experiences, challenges, awareness and perceptions of dementia care navigation.
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4
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Ko E, Helsabeck NP, Yang Y, Rose KM. A mediating role of self-care difficulty in the association between caregiver strain and the impact of caregiving on health: A cross-sectional secondary analysis. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 57:179-187. [PMID: 38663186 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Caregivers of people living with dementia face strain, reduced self-care, and poorer health status. However, research examining the links among those outcomes is limited. We explored the association between caregiver strain and the impact of caregiving on health status and identified the mediating role of self-care difficulty in this association. In the national caregiving dataset "Caregiving in the U.S. 2020," we included 312 caregivers in this study. Demographics, caregiving characteristics, a composite scale for caregiver strain, and single-item questions for the impact of caregiving on health status and self-care difficulty were used. Descriptive statistics and mediation analysis were conducted. Results revealed that higher caregiver strain was associated with higher self-care difficulty (OR 2.054, p < .001) and negative health changes due to caregiving (OR 2.719, p < .001). Self-care difficulty partially mediated this association. These results indicated the need to explore interventions or resources to offer caregivers to encourage their self-care awareness and activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Ko
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | | | - Yesol Yang
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Karen M Rose
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Ervin J, Fleitas Alfonzo L, Taouk Y, Maheen H, King T. Unpaid caregiving and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic-A systematic review of the quantitative literature. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297097. [PMID: 38635604 PMCID: PMC11025839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic imposed additional and specific challenges on the lives and wellbeing of informal unpaid carers. Addressing an important gap in the existing literature, this systematic review (prospectively registered with PROSPERO CRD42022376012) synthesises and evaluates the quantitative evidence examining the association between unpaid caregiving and mental health (compared to non-caring), during the pandemic. Five databases were searched (Medline, PsycInfo, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science) from Jan 1, 2020, to March 1, 2023. Population-based, peer-reviewed quantitative studies using any observational design were included, with screening, data extraction and quality assessment (amended NOS) independently conducted by two reviewers. Of the 3,073 records screened, 20 eligible studies (113,151 participants) were included. Overall quality of evidence was moderate. Narrative synthesis was complemented by Effect-direction and Albatross plots (given significant between-study heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis). Results indicate that the mental health of informal carers, already poorer pre-COVID compared to non-caregivers, was disproportionally impacted as a result of the pandemic and its associated public health containment measures. This review highlights the vulnerability of this group and should motivate political will and commensurate policies to ensure unpaid caregivers are better supported now, in the medium term, and crucially if, and when, another global public health emergency emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ervin
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ludmila Fleitas Alfonzo
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yamna Taouk
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Humaira Maheen
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tania King
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Nawaz AD, Haider MZ, Akhtar S. COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease: Impact of lockdown and other restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:219-229. [PMID: 38078809 PMCID: PMC10950341 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection initially results in respiratory distress symptoms but can also lead to central nervous system (CNS) and neurological manifestations, significantly impacting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, strict lockdown measures introduced to curtail the spread of COVID-19 have raised concerns over the wellbeing of patients with dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this review was to discuss the overlapping molecular pathologies and the potential bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's dementia, as well as the impact of lockdown/restriction measures on the neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the impact of lockdown measures on the NPS of caregivers, exploring its potential effects on the quality and extent of care they provide to dementia patients.We utilized the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to search for articles on COVID-19, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, lockdown, and caregivers. Our review highlights that patients with Alzheimer's disease face an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and complications. Additionally, these patients are likely to experience greater cognitive decline. It appears that these issues are primarily caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection and appear to be further exacerbated by restrictive/lockdown measures. Moreover, lockdown measures introduced during the pandemic have negatively impacted both the NPSs of caregivers and their perception of the wellbeing of their Alzheimer's patients. Thus, additional safeguard measures, along with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, are needed to protect the wellbeing of dementia patients and their caregivers in light of this and possible future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saghir Akhtar
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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7
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Diaz MM, Bailey M, Garcia B, Aguilar XR, Sanchez DC. Mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with neurodegenerative diseases and perceived family caregiver burden in Lima, Peru. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3361. [PMID: 38236201 PMCID: PMC10761328 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases lead to difficulties with functional activities. In Peru, most caregivers are family members. Little is known about the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on caregivers in Peru. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, prospective study of family caregivers of dependent patients with dementia or Parkinson's Disease in Lima, Peru. A caregiver burden and mental health questionnaire was administered to the caregiver. RESULTS We enrolled 48 caregivers (65% females, mean ± SD age 49.0 ± 12.3 years); 70% of patients had dementia. Nearly 40% of caregivers reported having full-time jobs, and 82% felt overwhelmed with almost 75% dedicating more time to caregiving during the pandemic. Caregivers perceived patients felt lonelier (52%), had an increase in hallucinations (50%), or forgetfulness (71%) compared to pre-pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that perceived caregiver burden and patient behavioral symptoms may have been exacerbated during the pandemic. In countries such as Peru, more caregiving resources and interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Diaz
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Maisie Bailey
- School of MedicineOregon Health Sciences UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Bettsie Garcia
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ximena R. Aguilar
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseasesInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas PeruLimaPeru
| | - Danilo Coronel Sanchez
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseasesInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas PeruLimaPeru
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Nguyen LT, Prophater LE, Fazio S, Hülür G, Tate R, Sherwin K, Shatzer J, Peterson LJ, Haley WE. Project VITAL at Home: Impact of Technology on Loneliness and Well-Being of Family Caregivers of People with Dementia. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:149-160. [PMID: 36111824 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2123726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Project VITAL At Home aimed to combat social isolation and loneliness in family caregivers of people with dementia through purposeful engagement and connection. This project examined the effects of technology on caregiver loneliness and well-being, as well as their technology experiences, during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Family caregivers were provided iN2L tablets and access to Alzheimer's Association supportive programs. Caregivers (n = 124) completed online surveys at pre and post evaluation points (average 7 months apart) to assess loneliness, subjective well-being (affect), supportive program usage, and tablet experiences. RESULTS Family caregivers had positive perceptions of the tablets for both themselves and their family members. Tablets had positive effects on caregiver well-being, including giving them an additional caregiver tool, alleviating stress, increasing satisfaction with quiet time, and improving access to supportive programs. Caregiver positive affect decreased, but no changes were observed for negative affect or loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Family caregivers found value in the tablets and showed improvements in some aspects of well-being. Randomized trials are needed to more fully assess the benefits of the intervention. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Pairing tablets with caregiving supports is a promising intervention to improve caregivers' access to vital resources and services and to improve their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia T Nguyen
- Product Management, iN2L, Greenwood Village, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Sam Fazio
- Care & Support, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gizem Hülür
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rio Tate
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kasia Sherwin
- Care & Support, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julie Shatzer
- Care & Support, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lindsay J Peterson
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - William E Haley
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Mei X, Zou C, Si Z, Xu T, Hu J, Wu X, Zheng C. Antidepressant effect of bright light therapy on patients with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1235406. [PMID: 38034990 PMCID: PMC10684929 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1235406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As a non-pharmacologic treatment, bright light therapy (BLT) is often used to improve affective disorders and memory function. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of BLT on depression and electrophysiological features of the brain in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their caregivers using a light-emitting diode device of 14000 lux. Methods: A 4-week case-control trial was conducted. Neuropsychiatric and electroencephalogram (EEG) examination were evaluated at baseline and after 4 weeks. EEG power in delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), and beta (12-30 Hz) bands was calculated for our main analysis. Demographic and clinical variables were analyzed using Student's t test and the chi-square test. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the correlation between electrophysiological features, blood biochemical indicators, and cognitive assessment scale scores. Results: In this study, 22 in-patients with AD and 23 caregivers were recruited. After BLT, the Hamilton depression scale score decreased in the fourth week. Compared with the age-matched controls of their caregivers, a higher spectral power at the lower delta and theta frequencies was observed in the AD group. After BLT, the EEG power of the delta and theta frequencies in the AD group decreased. No change was observed in blood amyloid concentrations before and after BLT. Conclusion: In conclusion, a 4-week course of BLT significantly suppressed depression in patients with AD and their caregivers. Moreover, changes in EEG power were also significant in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Mei
- Key Lab, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenjun Zou
- Department of Geriatric, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zizhen Si
- Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Geriatric, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Geriatric, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangping Wu
- Key Lab, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengying Zheng
- Department of Geriatric, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Choi MJ, Seo HJ, Choo IH, Kim JL, Park JM. Association between the COVID-19 pandemic, caregiving burden, and quality of life of caregivers of people with dementia: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2023; 25:402-410. [PMID: 37519187 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association of COVID-19-related stress, anxiety, access to public healthcare services, and the presence of secondary caregivers (CGs) on the burden of caregiving and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for CGs of people with dementia (PwD). A cross-sectional survey with 218 family CGs for PwD was completed in various settings between August and September 2021. The CGs had moderate and severe stress (42.7%) and reported having difficulty accessing public healthcare services (51.8%) and receiving help from secondary CGs (42.7%). In the multivariable linear regression, the stress and anxiety levels related to COVID-19 had a positive association with caregiver burden (β = 4.25, p < 0.001, and β = 5.73, p = 0.032, respectively), with no statistically significant association to HRQoL. Unexpectedly, accessing public healthcare services and supporting the secondary CGs were unrelated to the caregiving burden and HRQoL. Therefore, interventions aiming to alleviate family CGs' stress and anxiety levels should be provided to ensure PwD live in their homes in terms of continuity of public health service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Choi
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Seo
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chosun University and Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong Lan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry. College of Medicine, Chungnam National University and Chungnam National University Hospital, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Park
- Department of Nursing Science, Nambu University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Huang C, Chang C, Lee S, Chen C, Chen J, Wang H, Chiu W. The change of clinical features and surgical outcomes in patients with pressure injury during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Wound J 2023; 20:971-980. [PMID: 36054743 PMCID: PMC9539383 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study aims to explore whether the COVID-19 pandemic altered patient conditions and surgery outcomes by studying 213 pressure injury (PI) patients who underwent surgery during 2016 to 2019 (pre-COVID) and 2020 to 2021 (COVID) in Taiwan. We extracted patient demographics, surgical and blood test records, preoperative vital signs, and flap surgery outcomes. In total, 464 surgeries were performed, including 308 pre-COVID and 156 COVID. During the COVID period, there were more patients presenting with dementia, and it had significantly more patients with >12 000 white blood cells/μL (24.03% vs 15.59%, P = 0.029), higher C-reactive protein levels (7.13 ± 6.36 vs 5.58 ± 5.09 mg/dL, P = 0.014), pulse rates (86.67 ± 14.76 vs 81.26 ± 13.66 beats/min, P < 0.001), and respiratory rates (17.87 ± 1.98 vs 17.31 ± 2.39 breaths/min, P = 0.009) but lower haemoglobin levels (9.75 ± 2.02 vs 10.43 ± 1.67 mg/dL, P < 0.001) preoperatively. There were no between-group differences in flap surgery outcomes but had fewer flap surgeries during COVID-19. Thus, PI patient condition was generally poor during the COVID-19 pandemic because of reduced access to medical treatment; this problem may be resolved through holistic care during a future pandemic or pandemic-like situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching‐Ya Huang
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Chiung‐Wen Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Sheng‐Lian Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chiehfeng Chen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Cochrane TaiwanTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Evidence‐Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jin‐Hua Chen
- Biostatistics Center, College of ManagementTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of ManagementTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsian‐Jenn Wang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Kuan Chiu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
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Damian AC, Ciobanu AM, Anghele C, Papacocea IR, Manea MC, Iliuță FP, Ciobanu CA, Papacocea Ș. Caregiving for Dementia Patients during the Coronavirus Pandemic. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2616. [PMID: 37048700 PMCID: PMC10095033 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has had a global impact on both mental and physical health. Caregiving has become more difficult during this time due to the quick spread of this respiratory disease, dread of the unknown, congested hospitals, and many restrictions, particularly for people with multiple comorbidities. We aimed to assess the impact of this pandemic on a group of caregivers of patients with dementia and their needs during this time. The study's findings indicate that females assumed the role of the caregiver more often than men (88.5% of the participants) and scored lower on the life quality scale. The most often issue encountered during the pandemic was difficulty in accessing health care facilities (36%). Participants with a higher education level scored better in the physical (24.67, p = 0.01 and 24.48, p = 0.01) and mental health (20.67, p = 0.002; 19,82, p = 0.008) domains of the life quality test. The fear of COVID questionnaire showed a low level of concern in the category of participants with a high education level. Overall, this pandemic emphasizes the importance of social interaction and the possibilities to improve health care services through telemedicine. Caregivers could benefit from socialization and support programs as well as the early detection of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Damian
- Neuroscience Department, Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Magdalena Ciobanu
- Neuroscience Department, Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Anghele
- Department of Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Raluca Papacocea
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea Costin Manea
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Floris Petru Iliuță
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Șerban Papacocea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Abstract
This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease, including prevalence and incidence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on family caregivers, the dementia workforce and society. The Special Report examines the patient journey from awareness of cognitive changes to potential treatment with drugs that change the underlying biology of Alzheimer's. An estimated 6.7 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060 barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent, slow or cure AD. Official death certificates recorded 121,499 deaths from AD in 2019, and Alzheimer's disease was officially listed as the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. In 2020 and 2021, when COVID-19 entered the ranks of the top ten causes of death, Alzheimer's was the seventh-leading cause of death. Alzheimer's remains the fifth-leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2019, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 145%. This trajectory of deaths from AD was likely exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2022. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $339.5 billion in 2022. Its costs, however, extend to family caregivers' increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes - costs that have been aggravated by COVID-19. Members of the paid health care workforce are involved in diagnosing, treating and caring for people with dementia. In recent years, however, a shortage of such workers has developed in the United States. This shortage - brought about, in part, by COVID-19 - has occurred at a time when more members of the dementia care workforce are needed. Therefore, programs will be needed to attract workers and better train health care teams. Average per-person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are almost three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 22 times as great. Total payments in 2023 for health care, long-term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $345 billion. The Special Report examines whether there will be sufficient numbers of physician specialists to provide Alzheimer's care and treatment now that two drugs are available that change the underlying biology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Lancashire L, Biggar V, Comer M, Frangiosa T, Gage A, Paulsen R, Roniger A, Wolfe J. Caring for Dementia Caregivers: Understanding Caregiver Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214231185664. [PMID: 37426770 PMCID: PMC10328006 DOI: 10.1177/23337214231185664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 16 million Americans provide unpaid care for someone with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). During the COVID-19 pandemic, unpaid caregivers experienced increased chronic severe stress from widespread closures and social distancing. We conducted eight surveys from March 2020 to March 2021 among a cohort of over 10,000 individuals. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted to investigate frequency and ratios of groups reporting increased stress across surveys. A longitudinal analysis was also performed with the 1,030 participants who took more than one survey. We found a growing crisis among dementia caregivers: By Survey 8, current caregivers reported 2.9 times higher stress levels than the comparator group. By that time, 64% of current caregivers reported having multiple stress symptoms typically found in people experiencing severe stress. Both analyses reported increased levels of stressors over time that were more associated with certain caregiver groups. Our findings underscore the urgent need for public policy initiatives and supportive community infrastructure to support ADRD caregivers.
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Zefi V, Celcima D, Shahini VP. Psychological distress among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 in Kosovo. IFAC-PAPERSONLINE 2022; 55:370-375. [PMID: 38620989 PMCID: PMC9764830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemic outbreaks, such as Covid-19, can cause psychological distress for health workers. This research explored the psychosocial experiences of healthcare workers caring for Covid-19 patients in Kosovo. From June 21 to February 9, 2022, we enrolled 21 physicians and 52 general and head nurses (in total 73 participants) who provided care for Covid-19 patients in secondary and tertiary health care institutions around Kosovo. The interviews were conducted face-to-face. Thematic analysis was used as a method for the analysis of interview transcripts. The psychological experiences of physicians and nurses caring for Covid-19 patients can be summarised into four main themes. First, fear of being contaminated with Covid-19 in the workplace and fear of infecting family members. The second, fear due to the unknown nature of the disease. Third, emotional distress from delivering bad news to the patients and families. And fourth, the death of Covid-19 patients. The research found out that the healthcare workers in Kosovo experienced psychological distress, i.e., feeling overwhelmed, helpless, guilty, fearful, and anxious while providing care services for patients with Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Zefi
- Assistant Professor. Faculty of Psychology, University for Business and Technology (UBT), Prishtinë, Kosovo
| | - Denis Celcima
- Assistant Professor. Faculty of Psychology, University for Business and Technology (UBT), Prishtinë, Kosovo
| | - Vjollca Pllana Shahini
- Lecturer. Faculty of Psychology, University for Business and Technology (UBT), Prishtinë, Kosovo
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Nabizadeh F, Seyedalhosseini Z, Balabandian M, Reza Rostami M. Psychological outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 102:101-108. [PMID: 35777112 PMCID: PMC9237130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background There were concerns about the psychological outcomes of coronavirus disease from the beginning of the pandemic. Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients seem to be more vulnerable to mental health disorders like stress, depression, anxiety, or worsening quality of life during COVID-19 lockdown. We aimed to conduct a systematic review to investigate the psychological outcomes of COVID-19 among the PD population. Methods A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included original studies which reported the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the PD population with a minimum of 10 cases. Results After the screening, 21 studies with a total of 5236 PD cases were included in our qualitative synthesis. Depression, anxiety, and to less extent sleep disorders and apathy are the most studied psychological outcomes. Most of the studies indicated that the severity or the prevalence of psychiatric disturbance increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic in PD patients. The prevalence of anxiety was 14% to 66.5%, while depression was reported in 0% to 50% of PD patients during and after the pandemic. Also, sleep problems were reported in 35.4% to 68.9% of PD patients. Conclusion Considering the overall trend of increment in the severity of the main psychological outcomes observed in the present systematic review, it is suggested that future studies conduct a more accurate analysis of the prevalence, severity, and associated pathology of psychological outcomes of COVID-19 in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Nabizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahrasadat Seyedalhosseini
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - Mohammad Balabandian
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rostami
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dawson WD, Comas-Herrera A. International Dementia Policies and Legacies of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. THE PUBLIC POLICY AND AGING REPORT 2022; 32:72-76. [PMID: 35996432 PMCID: PMC9383947 DOI: 10.1093/ppar/prac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter D Dawson
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute on Aging, College of Urban & Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Adelina Comas-Herrera
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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