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Elling DL, Almquist YB, Wennberg P, Sundqvist K. Effects of a multi-component alcohol prevention program in the workplace on hazardous alcohol use among employees. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1420. [PMID: 37488547 PMCID: PMC10367231 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The workplace can be affected negatively by hazardous alcohol use, and intervening at an early stage remains a challenge. Recently, a multi-component alcohol prevention program, Alcohol Policy and Managers' skills Training (hereafter, 'APMaT'), was delivered at the organizational level. In a previous outcome evaluation, APMaT appeared to be effective at the managerial level. The current study takes a step further by aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of APMaT in decreasing the alcohol risk level among employees. METHODS Data from 853 employees (control: n = 586; intervention: n = 267) were gathered through a cluster-randomized study. To analyze changes in the odds of hazardous alcohol use among employees, multilevel logistic regression was applied using group (control vs. intervention), time (baseline vs. 12-month follow-up), and the multiplicative interaction term (group × time) as the main predictors. The intervention effect was further adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and policy awareness. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was observed in the odds of hazardous alcohol use, although employees in the intervention group showed a larger decrease compared to the control group. This remained even after adjusting for several factors, including the sociodemographic factors and policy awareness. CONCLUSIONS The findings are insufficient to determine the effectiveness of APMaT at the employee level at the current stage of the evaluation. Future studies should strive to identify issues with implementation processes in workplace-based alcohol interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was retrospectively registered on 11/10/2019; ISCRTN ID: ISRCTN17250048.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devy L Elling
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Ylva B Almquist
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Peter Wennberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundqvist
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
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2
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Bleier H, Lützerath J, Schaller A. Organizational facilitators and barriers for participation in workplace health promotion in healthcare: A qualitative interview study among nurses. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1101235. [PMID: 36936007 PMCID: PMC10017985 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence for the positive effects of workplace health promotion (WHP) for nurses. Although this highly stressed target group also actively desires WHP, the number of participants is low. Individual reasons play a role in the decision to engage in WHP activities, yet it is interesting to consider which organizational factors a company could address to improve participation. In this regard, the question arises of what organizational factors facilitate participation in WHP activities from the perspective of nurses in inpatient care facility (ICF), outpatient care service (OCS), and acute care hospitals (ACH). Method Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in different care settings between May and September 2021. Questions about everyday working life, WHP activities, and organizational framework conditions were asked. Result The results show that there is a wide range of influencing factors at the organizational level, some overall settings, and others setting-specific. High workload and the fit of WHP activities with shift times were particularly inhibiting overall settings. A negative association with the employer worked as a barrier in ICF and ACH. Conclusion When implementing WHP activities, it can be useful to consider organizational facilitators and barriers to promote sustainable and attractive WHP activities and higher participation rates in the different settings of nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Bleier
- Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jasmin Lützerath
- Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Workplace Health Promotion, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schaller
- Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Morse AK, Askovic M, Sercombe J, Dean K, Fisher A, Marel C, Chatterton ML, Kay-Lambkin F, Barrett E, Sunderland M, Harvey L, Peach N, Teesson M, Mills KL. A systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of workplace-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of problematic substance use. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1051119. [PMID: 36419993 PMCID: PMC9676969 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Employee alcohol and other drug use can negatively impact the workplace, resulting in absenteeism, reduced productivity, high turnover, and worksite safety issues. As the workplace can influence employee substance use through environmental and cultural factors, it also presents a key opportunity to deliver interventions, particularly to employees who may not otherwise seek help. This is a systematic review of workplace-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of problematic substance use. Five databases were searched for efficacy, effectiveness and/or cost-effectiveness studies and reviews published since 2010 that measured use of psychoactive substances (i.e., alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, and stimulants) as a primary or secondary outcome, in employees aged over 18. Thirty-nine articles were identified, 28 describing primary research and 11 reviews, most of which focused solely on alcohol use. Heterogeneity between studies with respect to intervention and evaluation design limited the degree to which findings could be synthesized, however, there is some promising evidence for workplace-based universal health promotion interventions, targeted brief interventions, and universal substance use screening. The few studies that examined implementation in the workplace revealed specific barriers including lack of engagement with e-health interventions, heavy use and reluctance to seek help amongst male employees, and confidentiality concerns. Tailoring interventions to each workplace, and ease of implementation and employee engagement emerged as facilitators. Further high-quality research is needed to examine the effectiveness of workplace substance use testing, Employee Assistance Programs, and strategies targeting the use of substances other than alcohol in the workplace. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=227598, PROSPERO [CRD42021227598].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh K. Morse
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mina Askovic
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayden Sercombe
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Dean
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alana Fisher
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- eCentre Clinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Marel
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Frances Kay-Lambkin
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Barrett
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Logan Harvey
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Peach
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine L. Mills
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Thørrisen MM, Skogen JC, Bonsaksen T, Skarpaas LS, Aas RW. Are workplace factors associated with employee alcohol use? The WIRUS cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064352. [PMID: 36229146 PMCID: PMC9562323 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sociodemographic predictors of employee alcohol use are well established in the literature, but knowledge about associations between workplace factors and alcohol use is less explored. The aim of this study was to explore whether workplace factors were associated with employee alcohol use (consumption and alcohol-related problems). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Linear and binary logistic regression analyses. SETTING Heterogeneous sample of employees (workers and supervisors) from 22 companies across geographical locations and work divisions in Norway. PARTICIPANTS Employees (N=5388) responded on survey items measuring workplace factors and alcohol use. OUTCOMES Data on alcohol use were collected with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Consumption was measured with the AUDIT-C (the first three items), and alcohol-related problems were operationalised as a sum score of 8 or higher on the full 10-item AUDIT. RESULTS Higher levels of alcohol consumption were associated with more liberal workplace drinking social norms (b=1.37, p<0.001), working full-time (b=0.18, p<0.001), working from holiday home (b=0.40, p<0.01), being a supervisor (b=0.25, p<0.001), having supervisors with less desired leadership qualities (b=-0.10, p<0.01), shorter working hours (b=-0.03, p<0.05), higher workplace social support (b=0.13, p<0.05) and higher income (b=0.02, p<0.001). Alcohol-related problems were associated with more liberal workplace drinking social norms (OR=3.52, p<0.001) and shorter working hours (OR=0.94, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Workplace drinking social norms were the supremely most dominant predictor of both consumption and alcohol-related problems. Results suggest that some workplace factors may play a role in explaining employee alcohol consumption, although the predictive ability of these factors was limited. This study points to the importance of drinking social norms, workplace drinking culture and leadership for understanding employee alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lisebet Skeie Skarpaas
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Wågø Aas
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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5
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Thørrisen MM, Sadeghi T, Bonsaksen T, Graham ID, Aas RW. Working with alcohol prevention in occupational health services: "knowing how" is more important than "knowing that" - the WIRUS OHS study. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2022; 17:54. [PMID: 36183127 PMCID: PMC9526525 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-022-00335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a major public health challenge; the majority of employees consume alcohol regularly and a considerable proportion of employees can be characterized as risky drinkers in need of interventions. Occupational health services (OHS) are uniquely positioned for implementing alcohol prevention interventions targeting employees, but rarely do so. Studies have shown that lack of knowledge among OHS personnel is a barrier to alcohol prevention activity. This study aimed to explore OHS personnels' levels of theoretical and practical alcohol knowledge, and whether these two ways of knowing were differentially associated with alcohol prevention activity. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, survey data were collected from 322 OHS personnel in Norway in 2018 (response rate = 53.6%). The survey included variables of two ways of knowing (theoretical and practical) and three types of doing (intervention frequency, conducting individual interventions, and conducting group interventions). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, bivariate correlations, and adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS OHS personnel rated their theoretical alcohol knowledge higher than their practical knowledge (η2 = 0.33, p < 0.001). Higher reported levels of practical knowledge were associated with higher intervention frequency (b = 0.39, β = 0.60, p < 0.001) and greater likelihood of conducting individual interventions (OR = 1.60, p < .001) as well as group interventions (OR = 1.84, p < 0.001). Theoretical knowledge was not associated with conducting interventions, and there was no evidence of an interaction between the two ways of knowing in their association with doing. Sensitivity analyses did not indicate clustering effects of OHS personnel being employed within different units. CONCLUSIONS Different ways of knowing about alcohol among OHS personnel were dissimilarly associated with conducting alcohol prevention interventions in occupational health settings. For doing, knowing how seems to be more important than knowing that. Training programs for OHS personnel should emphasize knowledge about how to deal with alcohol-related issues and how to conduct prevention interventions, rather than focus on detrimental effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Talieh Sadeghi
- Work Research Institute, Centre for Welfare and Labour Research, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway.,Department of Health, Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ian D Graham
- Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Randi Wågø Aas
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
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6
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Sunami T, So R, Ishii H, Sadashima E, Ueno T, Yuzuriha T, Monji A. A randomized controlled trial of the web-based drinking diary program for problem drinking in multi workplace settings. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12312. [PMID: 35026038 PMCID: PMC8757573 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the effectiveness of a web‐based brief intervention (BI) program to record daily drinking among people with problem drinking in workplace settings. Methods A two‐armed, parallel‐group, randomized controlled trial were conducted at six workplaces in Japan. After obtaining written consent to participate in the study, workers with an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score of 8 or higher were randomly assigned into two groups. The participants allocated to the intervention group recorded their daily alcohol consumption for 4 weeks using the program, while those allocated to the control group received no intervention. Outcome measures included the amount of alcohol consumption in past 7 days using the Timeline Follow‐Back method in the program at baseline, 8th week, and 12th week and written AUDIT score at baseline and 12th week. Results Hundred participants were assigned to either the intervention group (n = 50) or control group (n = 50). The results of two‐way repeated measures ANOVA showed a statistically significant interaction between the group and the week factors in the two primary outcomes (number of alcohol‐free days, total drinks) and secondary outcomes (AUDIT score) (p = .04, .02, and .03, respectively). The between‐group effect sizes (Hedges' g; 95% CI) of the outcomes at 12th week were 0.53; 0.13–0.93 (total drinks), 0.44; 0.04–0.84 (AUDIT score), 0.43; 0.03–0.83 (number of alcohol‐free days). Conclusions The web‐based BI program for problem drinking was considered to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption and the AUDIT score in workplace settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sunami
- Saga Prefecture Medical Center Koseikan, Saga, Japan.,Saga University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Department of Psychiatry, Saga, Japan
| | - Ryuhei So
- Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Takefumi Ueno
- National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yuzuriha
- National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Akira Monji
- Saga University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Department of Psychiatry, Saga, Japan
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7
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Kuwabara Y, Kinjo A, Fujii M, Minobe R, Maesato H, Higuchi S, Yoshimoto H, Jike M, Otsuka Y, Itani O, Kaneita Y, Kanda H, Osaki Y. Effectiveness of Screening and Brief Alcohol Intervention at the Workplace: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial at Five Japan-Based Companies. Yonago Acta Med 2021; 64:330-338. [PMID: 34840512 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite evidence regarding the effectiveness of screening and brief interventions for excessive alcohol use in primary care, these tools are not a part of routine practice. It has been suggested that using these tools at the workplace may be critical to alcohol-associated harm; however, evidence for this claim is unclear. The aim of this article is to develop a study protocol which evaluates the effect of brief alcohol intervention at the workplace to reduce harmful alcohol drinking. Methods A randomized controlled trial involving employees (aged 20-74 years) of five Japan-based companies who were screened "positive" by Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) is on-going. Participants were randomized into "Patient Information Leaflet" (control group), "Brief Advice and Counselling," and "Five-minute Brief Advice" groups. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess alcohol consumption, lifestyle behavior, health status, work performance, and consequences of alcohol use. Data of laboratory markers were collected from routine health checkups. Results A total of 351 participants were randomized into Patient Information Leaflet (n = 111), Brief Advice and Counselling (n = 128), and Five-minute Brief Advice (n = 112) groups. Participants were mostly men with a median age of 49 years. Median AUDIT score and weekly alcohol consumption were 11 points and 238 g/week, respectively. Two-thirds of the participants were manufacturing workers. Conclusion This study protocol developed the first trial in Japan to investigate the effect of brief alcohol intervention combined with a recommended screening tool at the workplace. Our findings can provide evidence on the effectiveness and relevance of these tools to occupational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kuwabara
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Aya Kinjo
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Maya Fujii
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ruriko Minobe
- National Institute of Alcoholism, Kurihama National Hospital, Yokosuka 239-0841, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maesato
- National Institute of Alcoholism, Kurihama National Hospital, Yokosuka 239-0841, Japan
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Institute of Alcoholism, Kurihama National Hospital, Yokosuka 239-0841, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshimoto
- Primary Care and Medical Education, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Majors of Medical Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Maki Jike
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Showa Women's University, Tokyo 154-8533, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Otsuka
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Osamu Itani
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kaneita
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoneatsu Osaki
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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8
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Sunami T, Kawai M, Sakurai J, Shirasaka T, Tezuka Y, Nagamine H, Maesato H, Yumoto Y, Yoshimoto H, Adachi Y, Yuzuriha T. [Introduction of a support program for reducing alcohol consumption that can be applied immediately in the workplace]. SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI = JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 63:324-328. [PMID: 33390365 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.2020-044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sunami
- Local Incorporated Administrative Agency Saga-Ken Medical Centre Koseikan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hitoshi Maesato
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center
| | - Yosuke Yumoto
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center
| | - Hisashi Yoshimoto
- Department of Family Medicine, General Practice and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
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9
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Thørrisen MM, Bonsaksen T, Skogen JC, Skarpaas LS, Sevic A, van Mechelen W, Aas RW. Willingness to Participate in Alcohol Prevention Interventions Targeting Risky Drinking Employees. The WIRUS Project. Front Public Health 2021; 9:692605. [PMID: 34249850 PMCID: PMC8267363 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.692605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The extent to which eligible individuals in a target population are willing to participate in interventions is important when evaluating the efficacy of public health interventions. Objectives: As part of a process evaluation of an ongoing randomized controlled trial, this study aimed to identify the proportion of risky drinkers who were willing to participate in an alcohol prevention intervention in an occupational health setting, and correlates for such willingness. Methods: Risky drinking employees from 22 companies in Norway were identified through an alcohol screening survey. Risky drinkers' (N = 779) willingness to complete a health examination and to be randomized into an alcohol prevention intervention (digital or face-to-face intervention, or control) was recorded by personnel from occupational health services. The proportion of employees who were willing to participate was assessed on 31 potential correlates (sociodemographic, alcohol-related, work-related, and lifestyle/daily activity). Adjusted (multiple logistic regression) analyses were utilized to explore associations between potential correlates and willingness to participate. Results: Altogether, 38.1% of employees were willing to participate in prevention interventions. In the adjusted analysis, only 5 out of 31 potential correlates were significantly associated with willingness to participate. Managers were more than twice as willing to participate than workers (OR = 2.17, p < 0.01). Willing employees had less workplace decision latitude (perceived control over workplace decisions and less possibility of utilizing personal skills in the job) (OR = 0.62, p < 0.05), and were more overcommitted with exorbitant work ambition and need for approval (OR = 1.49, p < 0.05). Willing employees had to some extent less alcohol-related impaired work performance (presenteeism, OR = 0.78, p < 0.05), and they spent less time on care activities (OR = 0.84, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Reaching four out of ten with risky drinking habits for prevention interventions strengthens the rationale for targeting this public health problem in occupational health care settings. In particular, this study suggests the importance of ensuring secure commitment among workers, who were less willing til participate than managers. Nevertheless, tailoring recruitment and implementation strategies based on easily identifiable correlates may be onerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Sandnes, Norway.,Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lisebet Skeie Skarpaas
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Aleksandra Sevic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location VUmc), Amsterdam, Netherlands.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Division of Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Randi Wågø Aas
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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10
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Lambrechts MC, Vandersmissen L, Godderis L. Alcohol and other drug use among Belgian workers and job-related consequences. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:652-659. [PMID: 31413187 PMCID: PMC6824612 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to obtain prevalence data on use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) among Belgian workers, and to explore the associations between self-reported AOD use and job-related effects as experienced by workers, and the level of workers’ well-being, respectively. Methods In this cross-sectional study (2016), 5367 workers filled out a questionnaire including validated instruments such as the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C). Job-related effects were defined as: being late at work, absenteeism, loss of productivity, injuries, conflicts with co-workers and sanctions by employers. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Based on AUDIT-C, 39.1% of last year drinkers had an indication of problem drinking. The odds of experienced job-related effects was 3.6 (CI 2.86 to 4.60) times larger than the odds among workers without this indication. This ratio decreased to 3.2 (CI 2.52 to 4.11), controlling for language, gender, family context, level of education and sector. Respondents who used illicit drugs more frequently (>once a month) also had an increased risk for experienced job-related effects (OR 5.8; CI 2.87 to 11.84). Having a low level of well-being increased the risk for job-related effects due to psychoactive medication (OR 2.3, CI 1.10 to 4.91). Discussion In this study, self-reported AOD use was associated with short-term job-related effects. This suggests that an AOD policy in different sectors is needed with respect for the organisational culture. Its focus should lie on prevention and early detection of AOD problems, and on the mental health of workers. Attention is required for the non-medical use of prescription drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Lambrechts
- Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VAD, the Flemish centre of expertise on alcohol and other drugs, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Knowledge, Information and Research, IDEWE vzw, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Thørrisen MM, Skogen JC, Kjeken I, Jensen I, Aas RW. Current practices and perceived implementation barriers for working with alcohol prevention in occupational health services: the WIRUS OHS study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2019; 14:30. [PMID: 31242911 PMCID: PMC6595559 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-019-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is associated with detrimental health and work performance outcomes, and one to three out of ten employees may benefit from interventions. The role of occupational health services (OHS) in alcohol prevention has received little attention in research. The primary aims of this study were to explore current practices of alcohol prevention targeting employees in occupational health settings, and examine whether and which perceived implementation barriers were associated with alcohol prevention activity. The secondary aim was to explore whether barriers were differentially associated with primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, survey data were collected from 295 OHS professionals in Norway in 2018. Data were analysed by means of descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, paired samples t-tests, and multivariate linear regression analyses. RESULTS Overall, seven out of ten OHS professionals worked with alcohol-related cases less than monthly, while only one out of ten did so on a weekly basis. Their activities were more focused on tertiary prevention than on primary and secondary prevention. Physicians, psychologists and nurses reported to handle alcohol-related issues more often than occupational therapists and physical therapists. Higher levels of implementation barriers internal to the OHS' organisation (competence, time and resources) were associated with lower alcohol prevention activity. Barriers external to the OHS' organisation (barriers concerning employers and employees) were not. This pattern was evident for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities. A majority of OHS professionals agreed that employees' alcohol consumption constitute a public health challenge, and that OHS' should focus more on alcohol prevention targeting employees. CONCLUSIONS Occupational health settings at workplaces may be particularly serviceable for alcohol prevention programmes since the majority of the population is employed and the majority of employees consume alcohol. An increase in overall prevention activity, and a shift from mainly focusing on tertiary prevention to an increased emphasis on primary and secondary prevention, may both hinge on increased training of OHS professionals, emphasising knowledge on the importance of working with alcohol prevention, and training in administering alcohol prevention programmes. Making alcohol prevention a priority may also require increased allocation of time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, PO box 4 St. Olavs plass, NO-0130 Oslo, Norway
- Presenter – Making Sense of Science, PO box 8118, NO-4068 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO box 973, NO-5808 Bergen, Norway
- Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, PO box 8100, NO-4068 Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, PO box 8600, Forus, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Kjeken
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, PO box 4 St. Olavs plass, NO-0130 Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, PO box 23, Vindern, NO-0319 Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Jensen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Randi Wågø Aas
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, PO box 4 St. Olavs plass, NO-0130 Oslo, Norway
- Presenter – Making Sense of Science, PO box 8118, NO-4068 Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, PO box 8600, Forus, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway
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Boß L, Lehr D, Schaub MP, Paz Castro R, Riper H, Berking M, Ebert DD. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with and without guidance for employees with risky drinking: results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Addiction 2018; 113:635-646. [PMID: 29105879 PMCID: PMC5887885 DOI: 10.1111/add.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To test the efficacy of a web-based alcohol intervention with and without guidance. DESIGN Three parallel groups with primary end-point after 6 weeks. SETTING Open recruitment in the German working population. PARTICIPANTS Adults (178 males/256 females, mean age 47 years) consuming at least 21/14 weekly standard units of alcohol (SUA) and scoring ≥ 8/6 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. INTERVENTION Five web-based modules including personalized normative feedback, motivational interviewing, goal setting, problem-solving and emotion regulation during 5 weeks. One intervention group received an unguided self-help version (n=146) and the second received additional adherence-focused guidance by eCoaches (n=144). Controls were on a waiting list with full access to usual care (n=144). MEASUREMENTS Primary outcome was weekly consumed SUA after 6 weeks. SUA after 6 months was examined as secondary outcome, next to numbers of participants drinking within the low-risk range, and general and work-specific mental health measures. FINDINGS All groups showed reductions of mean weekly SUA after 6 weeks (unguided: -8.0; guided: -8.5; control: -3.2). There was no significant difference between the unguided and guided intervention (P=0.324). Participants in the combined intervention group reported significantly fewer SUA than controls [B=-4.85, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-7.02 to -2.68, P < 0.001]. The intervention groups also showed significant reductions in SUA consumption after 6 months (B=-5.72, 95% CI=-7.71 to -3.73, P < 0.001) and improvements regarding general and work-related mental health outcomes after 6 weeks and 6 months. CONCLUSIONS A web-based alcohol intervention, administered with or without personal guidance, significantly reduced mean weekly alcohol consumption and improved mental health and work-related outcomes in the German working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Boß
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute of PsychologyLeuphana University of LueneburgLueneburgGermany
| | - Dirk Lehr
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute of PsychologyLeuphana University of LueneburgLueneburgGermany
| | - Michael Patrick Schaub
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and AddictionUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Raquel Paz Castro
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and AddictionUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Heleen Riper
- Department of Clinical, Developmental and Neuro Psychology, Section of Clinical PsychologyVrije Universiteit Amsterdamthe Netherlands,EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands,Department of PsychiatryVU Medical Centre/GGZ inGeestAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyFriedrich‐Alexander‐University of Erlangen‐NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyFriedrich‐Alexander‐University of Erlangen‐NurembergErlangenGermany
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13
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Anderson P, Jané-Llopis E, Hasan OSM, Rehm J. City-based action to reduce harmful alcohol use: review of reviews. F1000Res 2018; 7:120. [PMID: 29862017 PMCID: PMC5843824 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13783.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization global strategy on alcohol called for municipal policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Yet, there is limited evidence that documents the impact of city-level alcohol policies. Methods: Review of reviews for all years to July 2017. Searches on OVID Medline, Healthstar, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Work Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Mental Measurements Yearbook, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, NASW Clinical Register, and Epub Ahead of Print databases. All reviews that address adults, without language or date restrictions resulting from combining the terms ("review" or "literature review" or "review literature" or "data pooling" or "comparative study" or "systematic review" or "meta-analysis" or "pooled analysis"), and "alcohol", and "intervention" and ("municipal" or "city" or "community"). Results: Five relevant reviews were identified. Studies in the reviews were all from high income countries and focussed on the acute consequences of drinking, usually with one target intervention, commonly bars, media, or drink-driving. No studies in the reviews reported the impact of comprehensive city-based action. One community cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia, published after the reviews, failed to find convincing evidence of an impact of community-based interventions in reducing adult harmful use of alcohol. Conclusions: To date, with one exception, the impact of adult-oriented comprehensive community and municipal action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol has not been studied. The one exception failed to find a convincing effect. We conclude with recommendations for closing this evidence gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne , NE2 4AX, UK
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P. Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6221 HA , Netherlands
| | - Eva Jané-Llopis
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, Av. Esplugues 92-96, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Omer Syed Muhammad Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS) , University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building,1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, Dresden, 01187 , Germany
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14
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Anderson P, Jané-Llopis E, Hasan OSM, Rehm J. City-based action to reduce harmful alcohol use: review of reviews. F1000Res 2018; 7:120. [PMID: 29862017 PMCID: PMC5843824 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13783.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization global strategy on alcohol called for municipal policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Yet, there is limited evidence that documents the impact of city-level alcohol policies. Methods: Review of reviews for all years to July 2017. Searches on OVID Medline, Healthstar, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Work Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Mental Measurements Yearbook, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, NASW Clinical Register, and Epub Ahead of Print databases. All reviews that address adults, without language or date restrictions resulting from combining the terms ("review" or "literature review" or "review literature" or "data pooling" or "comparative study" or "systematic review" or "meta-analysis" or "pooled analysis"), and "alcohol", and "intervention" and ("municipal" or "city" or "community"). Results: Five relevant reviews were identified. Studies in the reviews were all from high income countries and focussed on the acute consequences of drinking, usually with one target intervention, commonly bars, media, or drink-driving. No studies in the reviews reported the impact of comprehensive city-based action. One community cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia, published after the reviews, failed to find convincing evidence of an impact of community-based interventions in reducing adult harmful use of alcohol. Conclusions: To date, with one exception, the impact of adult-oriented comprehensive community and municipal action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol has not been studied. The one exception failed to find a convincing effect. We conclude with recommendations for closing this evidence gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne , NE2 4AX, UK
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P. Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6221 HA , Netherlands
| | - Eva Jané-Llopis
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, Av. Esplugues 92-96, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Omer Syed Muhammad Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS) , University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building,1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, Dresden, 01187 , Germany
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15
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Burton R, Henn C, Lavoie D, O'Connor R, Perkins C, Sweeney K, Greaves F, Ferguson B, Beynon C, Belloni A, Musto V, Marsden J, Sheron N. A rapid evidence review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alcohol control policies: an English perspective. Lancet 2017; 389:1558-1580. [PMID: 27919442 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the evidence for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies to reduce alcohol-related harm. Policies focus on price, marketing, availability, information and education, the drinking environment, drink-driving, and brief interventions and treatment. Although there is variability in research design and measured outcomes, evidence supports the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies that address affordability and marketing. An adequate reduction in temporal availability, particularly late night on-sale availability, is effective and cost-effective. Individually-directed interventions delivered to at-risk drinkers and enforced legislative measures are also effective. Providing information and education increases awareness, but is not sufficient to produce long-lasting changes in behaviour. At best, interventions enacted in and around the drinking environment lead to small reductions in acute alcohol-related harm. Overall, there is a rich evidence base to support the decisions of policy makers in implementing the most effective and cost-effective policies to reduce alcohol-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Burton
- Public Health England, London, UK; Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Felix Greaves
- Public Health England, London, UK; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brian Ferguson
- Public Health England, London, UK; Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | | | - John Marsden
- Public Health England, London, UK; Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Sheron
- Public Health England, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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16
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Khadjesari Z, White IR, McCambridge J, Marston L, Wallace P, Godfrey C, Murray E. Validation of the AUDIT-C in adults seeking help with their drinking online. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2017; 12:2. [PMID: 28049515 PMCID: PMC5209877 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-016-0066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abbreviated Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test for Consumption (AUDIT-C) is rapidly becoming the alcohol screening tool of choice for busy practitioners in clinical settings and by researchers keen to limit assessment burden and reactivity. Cut-off scores for detecting drinking above recommended limits vary by population, setting, country and potentially format. This validation study aimed to determine AUDIT-C thresholds that indicated risky drinking among a population of people seeking help over the Internet. METHOD The data in this study were collected in the pilot phase of the Down Your Drink trial, which recruited people seeking help over the Internet and randomised them to a web-based intervention or an information-only website. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for AUDIT-C scores, relative to weekly consumption that indicated drinking above limits and higher risk drinking. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created to assess the performance of different cut-off scores on the AUDIT-C for men and women. Past week alcohol consumption was used as the reference-standard and was collected via the TOT-AL, a validated online measure of past week drinking. RESULTS AUDIT-C scores were obtained from 3720 adults (2053 female and 1667 male) searching the internet for help with drinking, mostly from the UK. The area under the ROC curve for risky drinking was 0.84 (95% CI 0.80, 0.87) (female) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.76, 0.84) (male). AUDIT-C cut-off scores for detecting risky drinking that maximise the sum of sensitivity and specificity were ≥8 for women and ≥8 for men; whereas those identifying the highest proportion of correctly classified individuals were ≥4 for women and ≥5 for men. AUDIT-C cut-off scores for detecting higher risk drinking were also calculated. CONCLUSIONS AUDIT-C cut-off scores for identifying alcohol consumption above weekly limits in this largely UK based study population were substantially higher than those reported in other validation studies. Researchers and practitioners should select AUDIT-C cut-off scores according to the purpose of identifying risky drinkers and hence the relative importance of sensitivity and/or specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarnie Khadjesari
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Royal Free Campus, Upper Third Floor, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Ian R. White
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR UK
| | - Jim McCambridge
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Louise Marston
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Royal Free Campus, Upper Third Floor, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK
| | - Paul Wallace
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Royal Free Campus, Upper Third Floor, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK
| | - Christine Godfrey
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Royal Free Campus, Upper Third Floor, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK
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Heather N. Spreading alcohol brief interventions from health care to non-health care settings: Is it justified? DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2016.1187113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Liira H, Knight AP, Sim MGB, Wilcox HM, Cheetham S, Aalto MT. Workplace interventions for preventing job loss and other work related outcomes in workers with alcohol misuse. Hippokratia 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Liira
- The University of Western Australia; School of Primary, Aboriginal and Rural Health Care; 35 Stirling Highway Perth Western Australia Australia 6009
| | - Andrew P Knight
- School of Primary, Aboriginal and Rural Health Care; The Rural Clinical School of Western Australia; 31 Stirling Terrace PO Box 5771 Albany WA Australia 6330
| | - Moira GB Sim
- Edith Cowan University; School of Medical and Health Sciences; 270 Joondalup Drive Joondalup WA Australia 6027
| | - Helen M Wilcox
- The University of Western Australia; School of Primary, Aboriginal and Rural Health Care; 35 Stirling Highway Perth Western Australia Australia 6009
| | - Shelley Cheetham
- The University of Western Australia; School of Primary, Aboriginal and Rural Health Care; 35 Stirling Highway Perth Western Australia Australia 6009
| | - Mauri T Aalto
- University of Tampere; School of Medicine; Medisiinarinkatu 3 Tampere Finland 33014
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Evaluating the (cost-)effectiveness of guided and unguided Internet-based self-help for problematic alcohol use in employees--a three arm randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1043. [PMID: 26458872 PMCID: PMC4603803 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Problematic alcohol consumption is associated with a high disease burden for affected individuals and has a detrimental impact on companies and society due to direct and indirect health costs. This protocol describes a study design to evaluate the (cost)-effectiveness of a guided and unguided Internet-based self-help intervention for employees called “GET.ON Clever weniger trinken” (be smart – drink less) compared to a waiting list control group. Methods In a three-arm randomized controlled trial, 528 German adults who are currently members of the workforce will be recruited by occupational health departments of major health insurance companies. Employees aged 18 and older displaying problematic drinking patterns (>21/14 drinks per week and an AUDIT score > 8/6 for men/women) will be randomly assigned to one of three following study conditions: 1. unguided web-based self-help for problematic drinking, 2. adherence-focused guided self-help, and 3. waiting list control. Self-report data will be collected at baseline (T1), 6 weeks (T2), and 6 months (T3) after randomization. The primary outcome will be the reduction of alcohol standard units during the 7 days prior to T2, using the Timeline Followback method. Cost-effectiveness analyses to determine direct and indirect costs will be conducted from the perspectives of employers and the society. Data will be analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis and per protocol. Discussion There is a need to identify effective low-threshold solutions to improve ill-health and reduce the negative economic consequences due to problematic alcohol drinking in workforces. If the proposed web-based intervention proves both to be efficacious and cost-effective, it may be a useful tool to increase utilization rates of interventions for problematic drinking in occupational settings. Trial Registration German Register of Clinical Studies (DRKS): DRKS00006105, date of registration: 2014-07-07.
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Burnhams NH, London L, Laubscher R, Nel E, Parry C. Results of a cluster randomised controlled trial to reduce risky use of alcohol, alcohol-related HIV risks and improve help-seeking behaviour among safety and security employees in the Western Cape, South Africa. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2015; 10:18. [PMID: 25951907 PMCID: PMC4430876 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-015-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To test the effectiveness of a programme aimed at reducing the risky use of alcohol and alcohol-related HIV risk and increase help-seeking behaviour among a sample of municipal employees in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Methods A clustered randomised controlled trial was conducted in 2011–2012 among 325 employees. The eight hour intervention, Team Awareness (TA), addressing behavioural risk among employees was administered to 168 employees in the intervention arm and the 157 employees in the control arm who received a one-hour wellness talk. Results The results show that TA had the greatest impact on risky drinking practices and hangover effects. There was a significant group × time interaction (F (1, 117) = 25.16, p < 0.0001) with participants in the intervention condition reducing number of days on which they engaged in binge drinking. There was also a significant time effect with participants in the intervention condition reducing the likelihood of going to work with a hangover (F (1,117) = 4.10, p = 0.045). No reduction in HIV-related risk behaviours were found. Conclusions This intervention study was able to demonstrate a modest but significant reduction in risky drinking practices and hangover effects. This provides encouraging evidence for the effectiveness of interventions that address risky use of alcohol among employed persons, further providing a launch pad for strengthening and replicating future RCT studies on workplace prevention, especially in developing country settings. Clinical Trial Registration Number Pan-African Control Trial Registry (201301000458308).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Harker Burnhams
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa. .,School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Falmouth Building, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Leslie London
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Falmouth Building, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Ria Laubscher
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa.
| | - Elmarie Nel
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa.
| | - Charles Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa. .,Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19063, Cape Town, Tygerberg, South.
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Hansen MB, Kloster S, Danquah IH, Nielsen AS, Becker U, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T, Tolstrup JS. "A welfare recipient may be drinking, but as long as he does as told--he may drink himself to death": a qualitative analysis of project implementation barriers among Danish job consultants. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:264. [PMID: 25886200 PMCID: PMC4379594 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper is embedded in a randomised controlled trial (Alcohol and Employment) that investigated whether welfare-to-work schemes combined with alcohol treatment were more effective than welfare-to-work schemes alone for helping unemployed welfare recipients with alcohol problems get back to employment and reduce their alcohol problems. The implementation of Alcohol and Employment turned out to be challenging, and fewer welfare recipients than expected were enrolled. The aim of this paper was to identify and investigate obstacles to the implementation of Alcohol and Employment. Our main objective was to study the job consultants' role in the implementation process as they were key personnel in conducting the trial. METHODS The process evaluation was conducted in four Danish municipalities in 2011-2012. Data for identifying factors important for the implementation were collected through observations and focus group interviews with job consultants. Data were analysed thematically and thoroughly discussed among members of the project team; emerging themes were then grouped and read again repeatedly until the themes were consistent. RESULTS Three themes emerged as the main factors influencing the degree of implementation of Alcohol and Employment: (1) The job consultants' personal attitudes toward alcohol were an important factor. The job consultants generally did not consider a high alcohol intake to be an impediment to employment, or they thought that alcohol problems were only symptoms of more profound problems. (2) The job consultants' perception of their own roles and responsibilities in relation to the welfare recipients was a barrier: they felt that addressing alcohol problems and at the same time sustaining trust with the welfare recipient was difficult. Also, they did not consider alcohol problems to be their responsibility. (3) Shortage of time and resources among the job consultants was determined to be an influential factor. CONCLUSIONS We identified important factors at the individual level among the job consultants who threatened the implementation of Alcohol and Employment. Future studies in similar settings can take advantage of these findings when preparing interventions that are implemented by job consultants or similar professionals. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01416103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Bæksgaard Hansen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen, DK-1353, Denmark.
| | - Stine Kloster
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen, DK-1353, Denmark.
| | - Ida Høgstedt Danquah
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen, DK-1353, Denmark.
| | - Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløwsvej 20, Entrance 220B, 1st floor, Odense, C DK-5000, Denmark.
| | - Ulrik Becker
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen, DK-1353, Denmark.
| | - Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen, DK-1353, Denmark.
| | - Janne Schurmann Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen, DK-1353, Denmark.
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