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Toriumi K, Iino K, Ozawa A, Miyashita M, Yamasaki S, Suzuki K, Sugawa H, Tabata K, Yamaguchi S, Usami S, Itokawa M, Nishida A, Nagai R, Kamiguchi H, Arai M. Glucuronic acid is a novel source of pentosidine, associated with schizophrenia. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102876. [PMID: 37703666 PMCID: PMC10502438 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentosidine (PEN) is an advanced glycation end-product (AGEs), where a fluorescent cross-link is formed between lysine and arginine residues in proteins. Accumulation of PEN is associated with aging and various diseases. We previously reported that a subpopulation of patients with schizophrenia showed PEN accumulation in the blood, having severe clinical features. PEN is thought to be produced from glucose, fructose, pentoses, or ascorbate. However, patients with schizophrenia with high PEN levels present no elevation of these precursors of PEN in their blood. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying PEN accumulation and the molecular pathogenesis of schizophrenia associated with PEN accumulation remain unclear. Here, we identified glucuronic acid (GlcA) as a novel precursor of PEN from the plasma of subjects with high PEN levels. We demonstrated that PEN can be generated from GlcA, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that GlcA was associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Among patients with high PEN, the proportion of those who also have high GlcA is 25.6%. We also showed that Aldo-keto reductase (AKR) activity to degrade GlcA was decreased in patients with schizophrenia, and its activity was negatively correlated with GlcA levels in the plasma. This is the first report to show that PEN is generated from GlcA. In the future, this finding will contribute to understanding the molecular pathogenesis of not only schizophrenia but also other diseases with PEN accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Toriumi
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoka Iino
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Azuna Ozawa
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Miyashita
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, 156-0057, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Department of Community Mental Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-0970, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabata
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Center for Research and Development on Transition from Secondary to Higher Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanari Itokawa
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, 156-0057, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-0970, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Arai
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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Son S, Arai M, Toriumi K, Andica C, Matsuyoshi D, Kamagata K, Aoki S, Kawashima T, Kochiyama T, Okada T, Fushimi Y, Nakamoto Y, Kobayashi Y, Murai T, Itokawa M, Miyata J. Association between enhanced carbonyl stress and decreased apparent axonal density in schizophrenia by multimodal white matter imaging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12220. [PMID: 37500709 PMCID: PMC10374594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl stress is a condition featuring increased rich reactive carbonyl compounds, which facilitate the formation of advanced glycation end products including pentosidine. We previously reported the relationship between enhanced carbonyl stress and disrupted white matter integrity in schizophrenia, although which microstructural component is disrupted remained unclear. In this study, 32 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and 45 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (HC) were recruited. We obtained blood samples for carbonyl stress markers (plasma pentosidine and serum pyridoxal) and multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging measures of white matter microstructures including apparent axonal density (intra-cellular volume fraction (ICVF)) and orientation (orientation dispersion index (ODI)), and inflammation (free water (FW)). In SCZ, the plasma pentosidine level was significantly increased. Group comparison revealed that mean white matter values were decreased for ICVF, and increased for FW. We found a significant negative correlation between the plasma pentosidine level and mean ICVF values in SCZ, and a significant negative correlation between the serum pyridoxal level and mean ODI value in HC, regardless of age. Our results suggest an association between enhanced carbonyl stress and axonal abnormality in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuraku Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Arai
- Project for Schizophrenia Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Toriumi
- Project for Schizophrenia Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christina Andica
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuyoshi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Takasaki, Japan
- Araya, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kawashima
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | | | - Tomohisa Okada
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masanari Itokawa
- Project for Schizophrenia Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Jiao S, Cao T, Cai H. Peripheral biomarkers of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Genetic, inflammation and stress perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1005702. [PMID: 36313375 PMCID: PMC9597880 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1005702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) often results in severe disability and functional impairment. Currently, the diagnosis of TRS is largely exclusionary and emphasizes the improvement of symptoms that may not be detected early and treated according to TRS guideline. As the gold standard, clozapine is the most prescribed selection for TRS. Therefore, how to predict TRS in advance is critical for forming subsequent treatment strategy especially clozapine is used during the early stage of TRS. Although mounting studies have identified certain clinical factors and neuroimaging characteristics associated with treatment response in schizophrenia, the predictors for TRS remain to be explored. Biomarkers, particularly for peripheral biomarkers, show great potential in predicting TRS in view of their predictive validity, noninvasiveness, ease of testing and low cost that would enable their widespread use. Recent evidence supports that the pathogenesis of TRS may be involved in abnormal neurotransmitter systems, inflammation and stress. Due to the heterogeneity of TRS and the lack of consensus in diagnostic criteria, it is difficult to compare extensive results among different studies. Based on the reported neurobiological mechanisms that may be associated with TRS, this paper narratively reviews the updates of peripheral biomarkers of TRS, from genetic and other related perspectives. Although current evidence regarding biomarkers in TRS remains fragmentary, when taken together, it can help to better understand the neurobiological interface of clinical phenotypes and psychiatric symptoms, which will enable individualized prediction and therapy for TRS in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Hualin Cai,
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Patel S, Sharma D, Uniyal A, Gadepalli A, Tiwari V. Recent advancements in biomarker research in schizophrenia: mapping the road from bench to bedside. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2197-2211. [PMID: 35239143 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe progressive neurodegenerative as well as disruptive behavior disorder affecting innumerable people throughout the world. The discovery of potential biomarkers in the clinical scenario would lead to the development of effective methods of diagnosis and would provide an understanding of the prognosis of the disease. Moreover, breakthrough inventions for the treatment and prevention of this mysterious disease could evolve as a result of a thorough understanding of the clinical biomarkers. In this review, we have discussed about specific biomarkers of SZ an emphasis has been laid to delineate (1) diagnostic biomarkers like neuroimmune biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers, oligodendrocyte biomarkers and biomarkers of negative and cognitive symptoms, (2) therapeutic biomarkers like various neurotransmitter systems and (3) prognostic biomarkers. All the biomarkers were evaluated in drug-naïve (at least for 4 weeks) patients in order to achieve a clear comparison between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Also, an attempt has been made to elucidate the potential genes which serve as predictors and tools for the determination of biomarkers and would ultimately help in the prevention and treatment of this deadly illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, 400098, Mumbai, India
| | - Dilip Sharma
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 07103, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Anagha Gadepalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India.
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Monji A, Mizoguchi Y. Neuroinflammation in Late-Onset Schizophrenia: Viewing from the Standpoint of the Microglia Hypothesis. Neuropsychobiology 2022; 81:98-103. [PMID: 34515181 DOI: 10.1159/000517861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia develops mainly in adolescence, but late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) is not uncommon. According to the international consensus, schizophrenia which develops over 40 years old is called LOS and psychosis which develops over 60 years old is called very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOS). Compared to early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) that develops before the age of 40 years, LOS and VLOS are reported to be more common in women, and there are clinically clear differences such as less involvement of genetic factors than EOS. This review outlines the abnormalities of the neuroimmune system in the pathophysiology of LOS, especially focusing on the role of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Monji
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshito Mizoguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Wu Q, Yuan F, Zhang S, Liu W, Miao Q, Zheng X, Lu S, Hou K. Correlation of Blood Biochemical Markers with Tardive Dyskinesia in Schizophrenic Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1767989. [PMID: 35299866 PMCID: PMC8923804 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1767989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress factors and proinflammatory cytokines had been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD). This study assumes that blood biochemical markers would have a link with TD in schizophrenia patients. To explore the correlation between blood biochemical markers and tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia (SCH). METHODS From January 2010 to August 2021, the inpatients who met the diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia in the Chinese Classification and Diagnosis Criteria of Mental Disorders (DSM-4) and the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-4) were followed up in the psychiatric outpatient department of Jinxia Street Community Health Service Center, Longhu District, Shantou City. The diagnostic criteria of Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) used in the TD study of Schooler and Kane were used to screen the patients. Patients were divided into the schizophrenia (SCH group) and the schizophrenia with TD groups (TD group). Oxidative stress factors including Superoxide Dismutase1 (SOD1), Glutathione Peroxidase1 (GPX1), Malondialdehyde1 (MDA1), Catalase Activity1 (CAT1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1 (BDNF1) and some inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), prolactin, estrogen, and cortisol were measured in 121 schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia and 118 schizophrenic patients. The correlation analysis was conducted on the data. RESULTS Age and female were immutable risk factors for the development of TD, and there were significant differences in blood biochemical indices GPX1, MDA1, CAT1, and TNF-α in schizophrenic patients with and without TD. CONCLUSION This study supports that oxidative stress and immune disorders are associated with TD patients. Blood biochemical markers GPX1, MDA1, CAT1, and TNF-α may play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia combined with TD patients, and they may be useful in the diagnosis of schizophrenia with tardive dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan City 467000, China
| | - Fengjuan Yuan
- School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan City 467000, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou City 515041, China
| | - Weiting Liu
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei City 230012, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Department of Physical Education, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan City 467000, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan City 467000, China
| | - Suxiang Lu
- School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan City 467000, China
| | - Kaijian Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou City 515041, China
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Beeraka NM, Avila-Rodriguez MF, Aliev G. Recent Reports on Redox Stress-Induced Mitochondrial DNA Variations, Neuroglial Interactions, and NMDA Receptor System in Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2472-2496. [PMID: 35083660 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic psychiatric disorder affecting several people worldwide. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations could invoke changes in the OXPHOS system, calcium buffering, and ROS production, which have significant implications for glial cell survival during SZ. Oxidative stress has been implicated in glial cells-mediated pathogenesis of SZ; the brain comparatively more prone to oxidative damage through NMDAR. A confluence of scientific evidence points to mtDNA alterations, Nrf2 signaling, dynamic alterations in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and provocation of oxidative stress that enhance pathophysiology of SZ. Furthermore, the alterations in excitatory signaling related to NMDAR signaling were particularly reported for SZ pathophysiology. Current review reported the recent evidence for the role of mtDNA variations and oxidative stress in relation to pathophysiology of SZ, NMDAR hypofunction, and glutathione deficiency. NMDAR system is influenced by redox dysregulation in oxidative stress, inflammation, and antioxidant mediators. Several studies have demonstrated the relationship of these variables on severity of pathophysiology in SZ. An extensive literature search was conducted using Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL PLUS, BIOSIS Preview, Google scholar, and Cochrane databases. We summarize consistent evidence pointing out a plausible model that may elucidate the crosstalk between mtDNA alterations in glial cells and redox dysregulation during oxidative stress and the perturbation of NMDA neurotransmitter system during current therapeutic modalities for the SZ treatment. This review can be beneficial for the development of promising novel diagnostics, and therapeutic modalities by ascertaining the mtDNA variations, redox state, and efficacy of pharmacological agents to mitigate redox dysregulation and augment NMDAR function to treat cognitive and behavioral symptoms in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha M Beeraka
- Department of Human Anatomy, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Marco F Avila-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Barrio Santa Helena, University of Tolima, 730006, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Department of Human Anatomy, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia.,Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, 117418, Russia.,GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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8
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Juchnowicz D, Dzikowski M, Rog J, Waszkiewicz N, Zalewska A, Maciejczyk M, Karakuła-Juchnowicz H. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers as a Predictor of Stage Illness and Clinical Course of Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:728986. [PMID: 34867519 PMCID: PMC8636114 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.728986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro/antioxidant imbalance has been reported in schizophrenia (SZ). However, the results of studies are inconsistent and usually do not include other factors that are highly affected by oxidative stress (OS).This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the serum levels of OS markers and their potential connection with schizophrenia. The total sample comprised 147: 98 individuals with SZ -47 first-episode (FS) and 49 chronic patients (CS)-and 49 healthy individuals (HC) as a control group. The examination included clinical variables and serum levels of antioxidants and oxidative damage products. The significant changes were observed in concentrations of all examined markers, without any specific direction of the pro/antioxidant balance shift between SZ and HC. In the regression model adjusted for cofounders, catalase: OR = 0.81 (95%CI: 0.74-0.88); glutathione peroxidase: OR = 1.06 (95%CI: 1.02-1.10); total antioxidant capacity: OR = 0.85 (95%CI: 0.75-0.98); oxidative stress index: OR = 1.25 (95%CI: 1.03-1.52); ferric reducing ability of plasma: OR = 0.79 (95%CI: 0.69-0.89); advanced glycation end products: OR = 1.03 (95%CI: 1.01-1.04); and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP): OR = 1.05 (95%CI: 1.03-1.07) turned out to be significant predictors of schizophrenia. In the multiple stepwise regression model, pro/antioxidant status and their interaction with the duration of illness-related factors affected schizophrenia symptoms: positive symptoms (FRAPxKYN), negative (DITYR, FRAP, CAT), general (KYN), and over-all psychopathology (KYNxNFK). The results confirm differences in serum levels of oxidative biomarkers between SZ patients and healthy individuals. The pro/antioxidant status could be considered a predictor of schizophrenia and the factor affects patients' symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Juchnowicz
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Dzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Rog
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory and Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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9
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Zahra KF, Lefter R, Ali A, Abdellah EC, Trus C, Ciobica A, Timofte D. The Involvement of the Oxidative Stress Status in Cancer Pathology: A Double View on the Role of the Antioxidants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9965916. [PMID: 34394838 PMCID: PMC8360750 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9965916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are known by their "double-sided" nature in biological systems. The beneficial effects of ROS involve physiological roles as weapons in the arsenal of the immune system (destroying bacteria within phagocytic cells) and role in programmed cell death (apoptosis). On the other hand, the redox imbalance in favor of the prooxidants results in an overproduction of the ROS/RNS leading to oxidative stress. This imbalance can, therefore, be related to oncogenic stimulation. High levels of ROS disrupt cellular processes by nonspecifically attacking proteins, lipids, and DNA. It appears that DNA damage is the key player in cancer initiation and the formation of 8-OH-G, a potential biomarker for carcinogenesis. The harmful effect of ROS is neutralized by an antioxidant protection treatment as they convert ROS into less reactive species. However, contradictory epidemiological results show that supplementation above physiological doses recommended for antioxidants and taken over a long period can lead to harmful effects and even increase the risk of cancer. Thus, we are describing here some of the latest updates on the involvement of oxidative stress in cancer pathology and a double view on the role of the antioxidants in this context and how this could be relevant in the management and pathology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Fatima Zahra
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials/Agri-Food and Health, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Radu Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, 8th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Ech-Chahad Abdellah
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Constantin Trus
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dunarea de Jos University, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Timofte
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Universitatii 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Candidate Genes Encoding Dopamine Receptors as Predictors of the Risk of Antipsychotic-Induced Parkinsonism and Tardive Dyskinesia in Schizophrenic Patients. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080879. [PMID: 34440083 PMCID: PMC8389582 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Extrapyramidal disorders form the so-called extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS), which is characterized by the occurrence of motor disorders as a result of damage to the basal ganglia and the subcortical-thalamic connections. Often, this syndrome develops while taking medications, in particular antipsychotics (APs). (2) Purpose: To review studies of candidate genes encoding dopamine receptors as genetic predictors of development of AP-induced parkinsonism (AIP) and AP-induced tardive dyskinesia (AITD) in patients with schizophrenia. (3) Materials and Methods: A search was carried out for publications of PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, and e-Library databases by keywords and their combinations over the last 10 years. In addition, the review includes earlier publications of historical interest. Despite extensive searches of these commonly used databases and search terms, it cannot be ruled out that some publications were possibly missed. (4) Results: The review considers candidate genes encoding dopamine receptors involved in pharmacodynamics, including genes DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, and DRD4. We analyzed 18 genome-wide studies examining 37 genetic variations, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs)/polymorphisms of four candidate genes involved in the development of AIP and AITD in patients with schizophrenia. Among such a set of obtained results, only 14 positive associations were revealed: rs1799732 (141CIns/Del), rs1800497 (C/T), rs6275 (C/T), rs6275 (C/T) DRD2; rs167771 (G/A) DRD3 with AIP and rs4532 (A/G) DRD1, rs6277 (C/T), rs6275 (C/T), rs1800497 (C/T), rs1079597 (A/G), rs1799732 (141CIns/Del), rs1045280 (C/G) DRD2, rs6280 (C/T), rs905568 (C/G) DRD3 with AITD. However, at present, it should be recognized that there is no final or unique decision on the leading role of any particular SNVs/polymorphisms in the development of AIP and AITD. (5) Conclusion: Disclosure of genetic predictors of the development of AIP and AITD, as the most common neurological adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders, may provide a key to the development of a strategy for personalized prevention and treatment of the considered complication of AP therapy for schizophrenia in real clinical practice.
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Eriksson MD, Eriksson JG, Kautiainen H, Salonen MK, Mikkola TM, Kajantie E, Wasenius N, von Bonsdorff M, Laine MK. Advanced glycation end products measured by skin autofluorescence are associated with melancholic depressive symptoms - Findings from Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. J Psychosom Res 2021; 145:110488. [PMID: 33863506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of people live with depression and its burden of disease. Depression has an increased comorbidity and mortality that has remained unexplained. Studies have reported connections between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and various disease processes, including mental health. The present study evaluated associations between AGEs, depressive symptoms, and types of depressive symptoms. METHODS From the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, 815 participants with a mean age of 76 years were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Characteristics regarding self-reported lifestyle and medical history, as well as blood tests were obtained along with responses regarding depressive symptoms according to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Mental Health Inventory-5. Each participant had their AGE level measured non-invasively with skin autofluorescence (SAF). Statistical analyses looked at relationships between types of depressive symptoms and AGE levels by sex. RESULTS Of women, 27% scored ≥10 on the BDI and 18% of men, respectively. Men had higher crude AGE levels (mean [standard deviation], arbitrary units) (2.49 [0.51]) compared to women (2.33 [0.46]) (p < 0.001). The highest crude AGE levels were found in those with melancholic depressive symptoms (2.61 [0.57]), followed by those with non-melancholic depressive symptoms (2.45 [0.45]) and those with no depressive symptoms (2.38 [0.49]) (p = 0.013). These findings remained significant in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows an association between depressive symptoms and higher AGE levels. The association is likely part of a multi-factorial effect, and hence no directionality, causality, or effect can be inferred solely based on the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia D Eriksson
- Primary Health Care Unit, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna K Salonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija M Mikkola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Niko Wasenius
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikaela von Bonsdorff
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Merja K Laine
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Hara T, Toyoshima M, Hisano Y, Balan S, Iwayama Y, Aono H, Futamura Y, Osada H, Owada Y, Yoshikawa T. Glyoxalase I disruption and external carbonyl stress impair mitochondrial function in human induced pluripotent stem cells and derived neurons. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:275. [PMID: 33966051 PMCID: PMC8106684 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl stress, a specific form of oxidative stress, is reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; however, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism. Here, we found that disruption of GLO1, the gene encoding a major catabolic enzyme scavenging the carbonyl group, increases vulnerability to external carbonyl stress, leading to abnormal phenotypes in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The viability of GLO1 knockout (KO)-hiPSCs decreased and activity of caspase-3 was increased upon addition of methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive carbonyl compound. In the GLO1 KO-hiPSC-derived neurons, MGO administration impaired neurite extension and cell migration. Further, accumulation of methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1; a derivative of MGO)-modified proteins was detected in isolated mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction, including diminished membrane potential and dampened respiratory function, was observed in the GLO1 KO-hiPSCs and derived neurons after addition of MGO and hence might be the mechanism underlying the effects of carbonyl stress. The susceptibility to MGO was partially rescued by the administration of pyridoxamine, a carbonyl scavenger. Our observations can be used for designing an intervention strategy for diseases, particularly those induced by enhanced carbonyl stress or oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Hara
- grid.474690.8Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- grid.474690.8Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- grid.474690.8Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- grid.474690.8Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan ,Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IMHANS), Kozhikode, Kerala 673008 India
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- grid.474690.8Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Harumi Aono
- grid.509461.fChemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yushi Futamura
- grid.509461.fChemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- grid.509461.fChemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Koike S, Toriumi K, Kasahara S, Kibune Y, Ishida YI, Dan T, Miyata T, Arai M, Ogasawara Y. Accumulation of Carbonyl Proteins in the Brain of Mouse Model for Methylglyoxal Detoxification Deficits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040574. [PMID: 33917901 PMCID: PMC8068291 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that carbonyl stress is a causative factor of schizophrenia, categorized as carbonyl stress-related schizophrenia (CS-SCZ). However, the correlation between carbonyl stress and the pathogenesis of this disease is not well established. In this study, glyoxalase 1(Glo1)-knockout and vitamin B6-deficient mice (KO/VB6 (-) mice), which are susceptible to methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced oxidative damages, were used as a CS-SCZ model to analyze MGO-modified protein and the carbonyl stress status in the brain. A comparison between Wild/VB6(+) mice and KO/VB6(−) mice for accumulated carbonyl proteins levels, with several advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the brain, revealed that carbonyl protein levels with the Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl) ornithine (MG-H1) moiety were significantly increased in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, striatum, cerebral cortex, and brainstem regions of the brain in KO/VB6(−) mice. Moreover, two-dimensional electrophoresis and Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed MG-H1-modified arginine residues in mitochondrial creatine kinase, beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1, and T-complex protein in the hippocampus region of KO/VB6(−) mice, but not in Wild/VB6(+) mice. In particular, MG-H1 modification of mitochondrial creatine kinase was quite notable. These results suggest that further studies focusing on MG-H1-modified and accumulated proteins in the hippocampus may reveal the onset mechanism of CS-SCZ induced by MGO-induced oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Koike
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan; (S.K.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kazuya Toriumi
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Sakura Kasahara
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan; (S.K.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yosuke Kibune
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan; (S.K.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yo-ichi Ishida
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan;
| | - Takashi Dan
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Makoto Arai
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Yuki Ogasawara
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan; (S.K.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Metabolomics strategy assisted by transcriptomics analysis to identify biomarkers associated with schizophrenia. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1140:18-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Enhanced carbonyl stress and disrupted white matter integrity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 223:242-248. [PMID: 32843203 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl stress is a state caused by an increase in rich reactive carbonyl compounds (RCOs); RCOs facilitate the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are associated with various age-related illnesses. Recently, enhanced carbonyl stress and lower levels of pyridoxal, a kind of vitamin B6 that scavenges RCOs, have been shown to be associated with schizophrenia. Meanwhile, lower levels of pyridoxal have been reported to decrease myelination through the biochemical process of carbonyl stress. Despite a number of reports on white matter disruption in schizophrenia, it is unclear whether this disruption is related to enhanced carbonyl stress. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between carbonyl stress and white matter integrity in schizophrenia using diffusion tensor imaging. A total of 53 patients with schizophrenia and 83 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited. We used plasma pentosidine, an AGE, and serum pyridoxal as carbonyl stress markers. Between-group differences in these carbonyl stress markers and their relationships with white matter integrity were investigated using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. In the schizophrenia group, plasma pentosidine level was significantly higher and serum pyridoxal level was lower than those of controls. There was a significant negative correlation between plasma pentosidine and white matter integrity in the schizophrenia group, but not in the control group. Our findings suggest that enhanced carbonyl stress is a possible underlying mechanism of white matter microstructural disruption in schizophrenia.
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Yamashita H, Fukushima E, Shimomura K, Hirose H, Nakayama K, Orimo N, Mao W, Katsuta N, Nishimon S, Ohnuma T. Use of skin advanced glycation end product levels measured using a simple noninvasive method as a biological marker for the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric diseases. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2020; 29:e1824. [PMID: 32323917 PMCID: PMC7301278 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may be involved in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, the skin AGEs level of several neuropsychiatric diseases was assessed with a simple noninvasive method. Moreover, whether skin AGE level can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of these diseases was evaluated. METHODS A total of 27 patients with schizophrenia, 26 with major depressive disorder, and 10 with major neurocognitive disorders (MNDs), such as Alzheimer's disease or dementia with Lewy body, as well as 26 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The skin AGE levels of the patients were assessed with an AGE scanner, a fluorometric method used to assay skin AGE levels. RESULTS One-way analysis of covariance was performed after adjusting for significant covariates, including age. Although the group with MNDs had higher skin AGE levels than the other groups, the main effect of diagnosis did not significantly affect the skin AGE levels of the groups. CONCLUSIONS Skin AGE levels in neuropsychiatric diseases with mild symptoms did not significantly differ. Further large-scale studies using a simple noninvasive method for the early detection and treatment of MNDs must be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamashita
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Fukushima
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimomura
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoki Hirose
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Nakayama
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihiro Orimo
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wanyi Mao
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narimasa Katsuta
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Nishimon
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohnuma
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Oxidative-Antioxidant Imbalance and Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030384. [PMID: 32121669 PMCID: PMC7175146 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder featuring chronic, complex neuropsychiatric features. The etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia are not fully understood. Oxidative-antioxidant imbalance is a potential determinant of schizophrenia. Oxidative, nitrosative, or sulfuric damage to enzymes of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as calcium transport and ATP biosynthesis might cause impaired bioenergetics function in the brain. This could explain the initial symptoms, such as the first psychotic episode and mild cognitive impairment. Another concept of the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia is associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance with the activation of the mTOR mitochondrial pathway, which may contribute to impaired neuronal development. Consequently, cognitive processes requiring ATP are compromised and dysfunctions in synaptic transmission lead to neuronal death, preceding changes in key brain areas. This review summarizes the role and mutual interactions of oxidative damage and impaired glucose metabolism as key factors affecting metabolic complications in schizophrenia. These observations may be a premise for novel potential therapeutic targets that will delay not only the onset of first symptoms but also the progression of schizophrenia and its complications.
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Tani E, Ohnuma T, Hirose H, Nakayama K, Mao W, Nakadaira M, Orimo N, Yamashita H, Takebayashi Y, Miki Y, Katsuta N, Nishimon S, Hasegawa T, Komiyama E, Suga Y, Ikeda S, Arai H. Skin advanced glycation end products as biomarkers of photosensitivity in schizophrenia. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2019; 28:e1769. [PMID: 30701623 PMCID: PMC6877242 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Photosensitivity to ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation from sunlight is an important side effect of treatment with antipsychotic agents. However, the pathophysiology of drug-induced photosensitivity remains unclear. Recent studies demonstrated the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), annotated as carbonyl stress, to be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the relationship among skin AGE levels, minimal response dose (MRD) with UVA for photosensitivity, and the daily dose of antipsychotic agents in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. METHODS We enrolled 14 patients with schizophrenia and 14 healthy controls. Measurement of skin AGE levels was conducted with AGE scanner, a fluorometric method for assaying skin AGE levels. Measurement of MRD was conducted with UV irradiation device. RESULTS Skin AGE levels and MRD at 24, 48, and 72 hr in patients with schizophrenia showed a higher tendency for photosensitivity than in the controls, but the difference was statistically insignificant. Multiple linear regression analysis using skin AGE levels failed to show any influence of independent variables. MRD did not affect skin AGE levels. CONCLUSIONS Photosensitivity to UVA in patients with schizophrenia receiving treatment with antipsychotic agents might not be affected by skin AGE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Tani
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohnuma
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoki Hirose
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Nakayama
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wanyi Mao
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakadaira
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihiro Orimo
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Takebayashi
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasue Miki
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narimasa Katsuta
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Nishimon
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Komiyama
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suga
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heii Arai
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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