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Ayubi M, Satyen L. Factors Associated with Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Migrant Men: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1365-1381. [PMID: 37300321 PMCID: PMC10913363 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231178758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most widespread form of violence against women and the most common perpetrators are male partners. Immigration can involve stressors and barriers that are linked to male IPV perpetration. The objective of this systematic review was to identify the factors associated with IPV perpetration among migrant men. Four electronic databases, MEDLINE Complete, Embase, PsycInfo, and SocINDEX with full text, were searched up to August 2021. Studies were selected that examined factors associated with IPV perpetration among first-generation migrants who identified as men/males and were aged 18 years or older. In all, 18 articles met the eligibility criteria for the review, representing a total of 12,321 male participants, including 4,389 migrant men. A wide range of factors associated with IPV perpetration were found at the individual, relationship, community, and societal levels. Unique risk factors for migrant men's IPV perpetration were exposure to political violence, deportation experiences, and minimal legal sanctions for perpetration in some countries of origin. Societal factors explored among Latino immigrants were traditional gender roles such as machismo and norms of violence. All identified factors should be considered in the cultural contexts of the relevant samples and should not be generalized to all migrant men. The findings of modifiable and culture-specific factors have important implications for strategies aimed at reducing IPV perpetration. Future research should explore factors associated with IPV perpetration within specific cultures rather than across broad cultural groupings.
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Assari S. Cingulo-opercular and Cingulo-parietal Brain Networks Functional Connectivity in Pre-adolescents: Multiplicative Effects of Race, Ethnicity, and Parental Education. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:76-99. [PMID: 34734154 DOI: 10.22158/rhs.v6n2p76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A growing body of research has shown a diminished association between socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and a wide range of neuroimaging indicators for racial and ethnic minorities compared to majority groups. However, less is known about these effects for resting-state functional connectivity between various brain networks. Purpose This study investigated racial and ethnic variation in the correlation between parental education and resting-state functional connectivity between the cingulo-opercular (CO) and cingulo-parietal (CP) networks in children. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study; we analyzed the resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) data of 8,464 American pre-adolescents between the ages of 9 and 10. The main outcome measured was resting-state functional connectivity between the CO and CP networks calculated using rsfMRI. The independent variable was parental education, which was treated as a nominal variable. Age, sex, and family marital status were the study covariates. Race and ethnicity were the moderators. Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis, with and without interaction terms between parental education and race and ethnicity. Results Higher parental education was associated with higher resting-state functional connectivity between the CO and CP networks. Race and ethnicity both showed statistically significant interactions with parental education on children's resting-state functional connectivity between CO and CP networks, suggesting that the correlation between parental education and the resting-state functional connectivity was significantly weaker for Black and Hispanic pre-adolescents compared to White and non-Hispanic pre-adolescents. Conclusions In line with the Minorities' Diminished Returns theory, the association between parental education and pre-adolescents resting-state functional connectivity between CO and CP networks may be weaker in Black and Hispanic children than in White and non-Hispanic children. The weaker link between parental education and brain functional connectivity for Blacks and Hispanics than for Whites and non-Hispanics may reflect racism, racialization, and social stratification that collectively minimize the returns of SES indicators, such as parental education for non-Whites, who become others in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.,Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.,Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) Research Center, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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Ralli M, Urbano S, Gobbi E, Shkodina N, Mariani S, Morrone A, Arcangeli A, Ercoli L. Health and Social Inequalities in Women Living in Disadvantaged Conditions: A Focus on Gynecologic and Obstetric Health and Intimate Partner Violence. Health Equity 2021; 5:408-413. [PMID: 34235365 PMCID: PMC8237099 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Gynecologic and obstetric health and intimate partner violence are particularly influenced by social determinants of health, such as poverty, low education, and poor nutritional status, and by ethnic and racial factors. In this study, we evaluated health and social inequalities of women living in disadvantaged neighborhoods in the city of Rome, Italy. Methods: The study included 128 women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. For each woman, a medical record was compiled and a gynecologic examination with screening for cervical cancer was performed. Family network, risk factors for gender-based violence, and psychological abuse were also evaluated. Results: The largest part of the sample, although had adequate schooling, was unemployed or had a low-status job; this was at the basis of intimate partner violence in about one-third of our sample. Nearly 35% of our sample was composed of pregnant women; about half of them were not assisted by the public health system for routine obstetric examinations. Common findings at gynecologic examination for nonpregnant women were infections (n=18, 19.9%), pregnancy planning (n=13, 13.7%), menopause management (n=12, 12.6%), ovarian fibromas (n=6, 6.3%), and post-partum assistance (n=3, 3.2%). Screening for cervical cancer was executed in 62 women; 9 (14.5%) had low- or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or cervical carcinoma. Conclusions: Health and social inequalities are frequent in women living in disadvantaged conditions, with serious consequences for health and quality of life of women and of their children. Prevention and treatment, especially for the most vulnerable subjects, should be a priority for the public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State, Vatican City
| | - Suleika Urbano
- Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State, Vatican City.,Istituto di Medicina Solidale, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nataliya Shkodina
- Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State, Vatican City.,Istituto di Medicina Solidale, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Morrone
- San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arcangeli
- Directorate of Health and Hygiene, Vatican City State, Vatican City.,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ercoli
- Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State, Vatican City.,Istituto di Medicina Solidale, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Bright CF, Burton C, Kosky M. Considerations of the impacts of COVID-19 on domestic violence in the United States. SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES OPEN 2020; 2:100069. [PMID: 34173500 PMCID: PMC7539928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
"Stay home, save lives" has been shown to reduce the impacts of COVID-19; however, it is crucial to recognize that efforts not to stress healthcare systems may have unintended social consequences for domestic violence. This commentary addresses domestic violence as an important social and public health implication of COVID-19. As a pandemic with a high contagion level, necessary social distancing measures have been put in place across the world to slow transmission and protect medical services. We first present literature that shows that among the effects of social distancing are social and functional isolation and economic stress, which are known to increase domestic violence. We then present preliminary observations from a content analysis conducted on over 300 news articles from the first six weeks of COVID-19 "lockdown" in the United States: articles predict an increase in domestic violence, report an increase in domestic violence, and inform victims on how to access services. Assessing the intersection of the early news media messaging on the effect of COVID-19 on DV and the literature on social isolation and crisis situations, we conclude the commentary with implications for current policy related to (1) increased media attention, (2) increased attention in healthcare systems, (3) promoting social and economic security, and (4) long-term efforts to fund prevention and response, as well as research implications to consider. The research is presented as ongoing, but the policy and procedure recommendations are presented with urgency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Forbes Bright
- East Tennessee State University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, PO Box 70644, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Christopher Burton
- East Tennessee State University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, PO Box 70644, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Madison Kosky
- East Tennessee State University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, PO Box 70644, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
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Najafi F, Pasdar Y, Karami Matin B, Rezaei S, Kazemi Karyani A, Soltani S, Soofi M, Rezaeian S, Zangeneh A, Moradinazar M, Hamzeh B, Jorjoran Shushtari Z, sajjadipour M, Eslami S, khosrojerdi M, Shabestari S, Mehrparvar AH, Kashi Z, Nejatizadeh A, Naghipour M, Sadeghi Boogar S, Fakhari A, Cheraghian B, Heidari H, Molavi P, Hajizadeh M, Salimi Y. Decomposing socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health among Iranian adult population: results from the PERSIAN cohort study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:229. [PMID: 32404081 PMCID: PMC7218818 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequality in mental health in Iran is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health among Iranian adults. METHODS The study used the baseline data of PERSIAN cohort study including 131,813 participants from 17 geographically distinct areas of Iran. The Erreygers Concentration index (E) was used to quantify the socioeconomic inequalities in poor mental health. Moreover, we decomposed the E to identify factors contributing to the observed socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health in Iran. RESULTS The estimated E for poor mental health was - 0.012 (95% CI: - 0.0144, - 0.0089), indicating slightly higher concentration of mental health problem among socioeconomically disadvantaged adults in Iran. Socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health was mainly explained by gender (19.93%) and age (12.70%). Region, SES itself, and physical activity were other important factors that contributed to the concentration of poor mental health among adults with low socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION There exists nearly equitable distribution in poor mental health among Iranian adults, but with important variations by gender, SES, and geography. These results suggested that interventional programs in Iran should focus on should focus more on socioeconomically disadvantaged people as a whole, with particular attention to the needs of women and those living in more socially disadvantaged regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behzad Karami Matin
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Satar Rezaei
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Kazemi Karyani
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahin Soltani
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Moslem Soofi
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Zangeneh
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari
- grid.472458.80000 0004 0612 774XSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour sajjadipour
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922South Tehran Health Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Eslami
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam khosrojerdi
- grid.412328.e0000 0004 0610 7204Cellular and molecular research center, school of medicine, Sabzevar university of medical sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Sahar Shabestari
- grid.488433.00000 0004 0612 8339Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Industrial Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Kashi
- grid.411623.30000 0001 2227 0923Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Azim Nejatizadeh
- grid.412237.10000 0004 0385 452XMolecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Naghipour
- grid.411874.f0000 0004 0571 1549Gastrointestinal and liver disease research center, Guilan University of medical sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Sadeghi Boogar
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz university of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Fakhari
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Research Center of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, school of public health, Ahvaz jundishapur university of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Haydeh Heidari
- grid.440801.90000 0004 0384 8883Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parviz Molavi
- grid.411426.40000 0004 0611 7226Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hajizadeh
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Yahya Salimi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Barber JS, Kusunoki Y, Gatny H, Budnick J. The Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence and the Risk of Pregnancy during the Transition to Adulthood. AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW 2018; 83:1020-1047. [PMID: 30739942 PMCID: PMC6364682 DOI: 10.1177/0003122418795856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Using a reproductive coercion framework, we investigate the role of intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy during the transition to adulthood. We use two types of data from a population-based sample of 867 young women in a Michigan county: a 60-minute survey interview with 2.5 years of weekly follow-up surveys, and semi-structured interviews with a subsample of 40 pregnant women. The semi-structured interviews illustrate the violence women experienced. Discrete-time logit hazard models demonstrate that threats and physical assault are associated with higher pregnancy rates during ages 18 to 22. However, this holds only when the violence is recent; violence occurring more than a month earlier is not associated with higher pregnancy rates. These associations are independent of violent experiences with prior partners, which are also associated with higher pregnancy rates. Fixed-effects models show that during violent weeks, women perceive more pregnancy desire from their partners, have more sex, and use less contraception than during nonviolent weeks. Finally, mediation analyses and the semi-structured interviews are consistent with reproductive coercion: violent young men are more likely to want their girlfriends pregnant, and they use threats and physical assault to implement their preferences via sex and contraceptive non-use, which in turn increase pregnancy rates.
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Violence Exposure and Mental Health of College Students in the United States. Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 8:bs8060053. [PMID: 29882926 PMCID: PMC6027217 DOI: 10.3390/bs8060053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the well-established link between exposure to violence and mental health problems, less is known about this association among college students. The current study aimed to investigate the association between history of exposure to violence and mental health of American college students. Methods: Healthy Mind Study (HMS, 2016⁻2017) is a national online survey of 41,898 adult college students. The independent variable was lifetime history of exposure to violence (psychological, physical, and sexual). The dependent variables were anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Race, age, gender, sexual orientation, parental education, financial stress, transfer status, enrollment status, and graduate status were covariates. Linear and logistic regression models were used for data analysis. Results: History of exposure to violence was associated with all three aspects of poor mental health, namely general anxiety, depression, and suicidality. These associations were independent of covariates and type of abuse. Conclusions: There is a need to address various mental health needs of college students who have experienced various forms of violence. College students who screen positive for history of violence exposure should be evaluated for anxiety, depression, and suicidal behaviors.
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