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Maybery D, Grant A, Piché G, Yates S, Ruud T, Dunkley-Smith A, Davidson G. Summarising Quantitative Outcomes in Parental Mental Illness Research. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39020472 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
A quarter of all children grow up in a family where a parent experiences a mental illness (FaPMI). Research activity in this area is growing rapidly and it is now critical to better understand the extant knowledge in the field. This scoping review of quantitative FaPMI literature parallels a qualitative literature review and a series of Delphi studies with key stakeholders (e.g. lived experience and clinicians), that is part of a larger program of research to achieve consensus regarding the direction of FaPMI research; including making recommendations about outcomes and measures. The programme of research aims to promote and facilitate greater comparison and learning across studies and settings. Initially this scoping review summarises the quality and focus (e.g. country and sampling) of 50 quantitative studies from 2000 to 2023 and then classifies studies according to outcomes for parents, children and families. Six to eleven years were the most common child sample group and girls were slightly underrepresented (49/51) and parents were 88% mothers. Analogous parent and child outcomes were; mental illness/psychopathology, wellbeing, mental health literacy, trauma and stressful experiences, coping, help seeking/service need, within family relationships and supports, outside family relationships and supports. Additional outcomes for parents were; parenting skills, parent competence and parenting stress and for children in relation to their; cognitive functioning and caregiving. The family related outcomes were the within and outside family relationships and supports. Since 2000 there have been 136 different survey instruments employed with approximately 80% used in only one study. This suggests that the broader goals of the program of research are warranted as there is a need for less heterogeneity in measures used. Suggested areas for future research include a sampling focus on fathers, economic evaluations of programs, parent mental health literacy, trauma, genetics and integrating well-being concepts into research designs. Child research should focus on mental health literacy, the level and impact of caring responsibilities, assessing past trauma and the roles of close family and external supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Maybery
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne Grant
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Geneviève Piché
- Département de Psychologie et de Psychoéducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jerome, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Torleif Ruud
- Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Clinic for Health Services Research and Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Addy Dunkley-Smith
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Davidson
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Grant A, McCartan C, Davidson G, Bunting L, Cameron J, McBride O, Mulholland C, Murphy J, Nolan E, Schubotz D, Shevlin M. Prevalence and risk factors of parental mental health problems: A cross-sectional study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38867456 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
An understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of parental mental health problems is important for early intervention and prevention measures and shaping services for parents and their children. However, large representative surveys of parental mental health problems and associated risk factors are lacking. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence rates of parental mental health problems using a standardised measure of psychiatric morbidity (General Health Questionnaire; GHQ-12), in a representative sample of parents and caregivers of children and young people (2-19 years) in Northern Ireland. Further, this study explored associated risk factors of parental mental health problems. A random household survey of parents and children was conducted between June 2019 and March 2020. Parental responses on demographic, economic, familial and psychological measures were collected (N = 2815) and 22% of parents and caregivers screened positive for mental health problems. The STROBE checklist for observational research was adhered to. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that being in receipt of benefits, having poor family support, a history of adverse childhood experiences, a history of exposure to politically motivated violence (the Troubles), and a child with conduct problems and poor health were all independent risk factors of increased parental mental health problems. Findings will help to inform future commissioning and development of services and broaden understanding of the correlates of parental mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grant
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Claire McCartan
- IMPACT Centre, Northern Health & Social Care Trust, Antrim, UK
| | - Gavin Davidson
- School of Social Sciences, Education & Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Lisa Bunting
- School of Social Sciences, Education & Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Julie Cameron
- Mental Health Foundation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Orla McBride
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Ciaran Mulholland
- IMPACT Centre, Northern Health & Social Care Trust, Antrim, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jamie Murphy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Emma Nolan
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Dirk Schubotz
- School of Social Sciences, Education & Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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Allchin B, Albermann K, Blake-Holmes K, Gatsou L, Hine R, van Doesum K, Nicholson J. Sustaining efforts to improve family well-being with parents with mental ill health and substance (mis)use. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1376409. [PMID: 38596628 PMCID: PMC11003303 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1376409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Research conducted over the past 30 years has developed an extensive body of knowledge on families where parents experience mental ill health and/or substance (mis)use, and interventions that are effective in improving their outcomes. A more recent focus has also explored the importance and nuance of implementation. This perspective article reflects on the concept and practice of sustainability within this body of work and considers underlying assumptions in the field about the goal and direction of interventions that make clarity about sustainability difficult. We identify challenges for understanding sustainability, relating to how and who defines it, what is measured and the impact of context. We conclude by considering how we might be better able to plan and design for sustainability within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becca Allchin
- Mental Health Program, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kurt Albermann
- Social Pediatric Center, Cantonal Hospital, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Kate Blake-Holmes
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Gatsou
- Institute of Health, Health Policy and Social Care Research, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Leicestershire Partnership NHS (National Health Service) Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Rochelle Hine
- Monash Rural Health, Monash University, Warragul, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin van Doesum
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Community Mental Health Service, Department Impluz Prevention, Dimence-groep, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - Joanne Nicholson
- The Heller School, Institute for Behavioral Health, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
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Linderborg C, Grant A, Weimand BM, Falkov AF, Östman M. Experiences of clinicians and managers in the implementation of a family focused model in child and adult psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1360375. [PMID: 38563021 PMCID: PMC10982353 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1360375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This paper describes the process of implementing a family focused model, The Family Model, in child and adolescent and adult mental health services in Sweden. Additionally, it describes a service development project carried out in both services within a defined geographical area of Region Stockholm. The Family Model is a communication tool designed to assist clinicians in both services to have family focused conversations with their patients and relatives. Internationally, the needs of individuals experiencing mental health challenges (parents, children and young people) and their close relatives are now well recognized, but barriers to family focused practice nevertheless persist. The aim of this study was to better understand clinicians` experiences in implementing The Family Model in both services. Methods Three preplanned focus group interviews were carried out with 14 clinicians and managers across both services and the data were analyzed in accordance with methods of Naturalistic inquiry. Result Findings suggest that The Family Model has utility in both services. The Naturalistic inquiry analyses revealed three main themes: individual, relational and organizational aspects with a total of 10 sub-themes of how the models influence the participants. Furthermore, analyses on a meta understanding level explored that participants underwent a developmental journey in learning about and using The Family Model in practice which was expressed through three themes: "Useful for burdened families", "Influencing prevention", and "To integrate this would be fantastic". Conclusions The Family Model, when adapted for the Swedish context, is a useful tool for assisting experienced clinicians to engage in family focused practice in both child and adolescent and adult mental health services. The Family Model highlights different aspects in everyday clinical services that were of special interest for clinicians, families, and the system. Future research could explore families' perspectives of the utility of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Linderborg
- Faculty of Health, Social and Welfare Studies, USN- University of South Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Regional Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Grant
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Bente Margrethe Weimand
- Faculty of Health, Social and Welfare Studies, USN- University of South Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences Mental Health and Addiction Services, Department for Research and Development, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adrian Farrel Falkov
- Department of Child and Youth Mental Health, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Vives-Espelta J, Ortega-Sanz L, Ferré-Grau C, Burjalés-Martí MD. Lived experiences of mental health nurses who care for clients who are parents: An approximation of Tronto's definition of care. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38477635 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT Adult psychiatric services typically focus on the mental health needs of the client but they do not support his or her parenting role. Many authors highlight the importance of a non-judgmental approach when providing support and care to clients with mental illness who are parents. Assessments frequently focus on the negative aspects while the strengths of these families were often overlooked. There is a lack of scientific literature exploring nurses' experiences when caring for parents with mental illness and their families. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE Trust is the basis that helps clients to be open to receiving care and answering parenting-related questions. Therefore, without adequate professional-client trust, some care and interventions addressed to parents with mental illness could be poorly received by the client. Tronto's phases of care facilitated the collection of data and exploration of mental health nurses' experiences of care. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Mental health nurses should be aware of the potential needs of these families, as described in the scientific literature, so they can include them in their assessments. They also should consider the need to individualize each care since each situation of a family with parental mental illness is unique. Mental health nurses must take the person's environment into account (family, social and political aspects and different forms of stigma) since all these factors may influence how parents with mental illness receive and provide care. ABSTRACT Introduction Many authors highlight the importance of a non-judgmental approach when providing care to parents with mental illness. However, assessments frequently focus on the negative aspects while the strengths of such families were often overlooked. Aim To explore the lived experiences of mental health nurses who care for clients who are parents. Method We conducted a qualitative phenomenological study. The main data collection technique was in-depth interviews. Data were analysed according to Colaizzi model, subsequently, the main categories that arised were compared and related to the five phases of Tronto's care. Results The main categories identified from the analysis of the interviews were: (1) individualized care, (2) continuity of care, (3) psychoeducation and counselling, (4) trust and (5) context of the client. Discussion Trust is the basis that helps parents with mental illness to be open to receiving care and answering parenting-related questions. Without trust, some interventions could be poorly received by the client. Implications for Practice Mental health nurses should be aware of the potential needs of these families, so they can include them in their assessments. They also should consider the need to individualize each care since each situation of a family with parental mental illness is unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Vives-Espelta
- Departament d'Infermeria, Grup de Recerca Avançada en Infermeria, Facultat d'Infermeria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laura Ortega-Sanz
- Departament d'Infermeria, Grup de Recerca GAP, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, CIBERSAM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carme Ferré-Grau
- Departament d'Infermeria, Grup de Recerca Avançada en Infermeria, Facultat d'Infermeria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolors Burjalés-Martí
- Departament d'Infermeria, Grup de Recerca Avançada en Infermeria, Facultat d'Infermeria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Gjøde ICT, Laursen TM, Müller AD, Ranning A, Moszkowicz M, Hemager N, Speyer H, Hjorthøj C, Nordentoft M, Thorup AAE. Association of maternal and paternal personality disorders with risk of mental disorders in children: A nationwide, register-based cohort study of 1,406,965 children. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024; 149:195-206. [PMID: 38145901 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the association between parental personality disorders and mental disorders in children is limited. To examine the association between parental personality disorders and the risk of mental disorders in offspring. METHODS We linked Danish health registers to create a cohort of children born from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2016. Children were followed until their 18th birthday, diagnosis set, emigration, death, or December 31, 2016. Parental personality disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Eighth or 10th Revision. Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate the incidence risk ratio (IRR) and cumulative incidence of ICD 10th mental disorders in offspring (age 0-17). RESULTS The study cohort included 1,406,965 children. For girls, maternal or paternal personality disorder (MPD/PPD) was associated with mental disorders: MPD girls (IRR, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.59-2.89) and PPD girls (IRR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.94-2.27). Likewise, the risk was increased for both MPD boys (IRR, 2.44; 95% CI, 2.33-2.56) and PPD boys (IRR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.91-2.18). For girls and boys combined, exposure to two parents with a personality disorder was associated with the highest risk (IRR, 3.69; 95% CI, 3.15-4.33). At age 18, the cumulative incidence of any mental disorder in children of one or two parents with a personality disorder was 34.1% (95% CI, 33.0-35.1), which was twice the cumulative incidence of mental disorders in nonexposed children (15.2% [95% CI, 15.1-15.3]). CONCLUSION Children of parents with a personality disorder were at a 2 to 3.5 times higher risk of mental disorders compared with nonexposed offspring. Possible mechanisms of transmission of mental disorders from parent to child involve genetic, environmental, and gene-environment pathways. More research into these mechanisms and research into preventive interventions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Christine Tholstrup Gjøde
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Munk Laursen
- The National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Dorothee Müller
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Ranning
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mala Moszkowicz
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Speyer
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yao H, Guan L, Zhou T, Zhang C, Pan Y, Han J, He R, Chang Z, Du C, Wu T, Sun J, Yuan Y, Maybery D, Ma H. Factors that influence family-focused practice in Chinese mental health workers: A cross-sectional survey. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023; 30:1216-1230. [PMID: 37401449 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Family-focused practice has become an emerging paradigm in mental health services. However, little is known about family-focused practice and associated factors in Chinese mental health workers. AIM To examine family-focused practice and associated factors in Chinese mental health workers. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a convenience sample of mental health workers (n = 515) in Beijing, China. The Family-Focused Mental Health Practice Questionnaire was used to measure family-focused practice, as well as worker, workplace and client factors that might influence family-focused practice. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors associated with family-focused practice. RESULTS On average, the participants exhibited a moderate level of engagement in family-focused practice. The factors that most significantly influenced family-focused practice in Chinese mental health workers were skill and knowledge, worker confidence and time and workload. Moreover, psychiatrists were found to engage more in family-focused practice than psychiatric nurses, and community mental health workers were more active in family-focused practice than hospital-based ones. DISCUSSION This study provided important data concerning family-focused practice and associated factors in Chinese mental health workers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The varying level of Chinese mental health workers to engage in family-focused practice has advocacy, training, research and organizational implications for mental health services in China and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lili Guan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Tianhang Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Changchun Zhang
- Fangshan District Mental Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Fangshan District Mental Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Beijing Xicheng District Ping'an Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui He
- Mental Health Prevention Hospital of Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengjiao Chang
- Mental Health Prevention Hospital of Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Du
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Tingfang Wu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Yuan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Darryl Maybery
- Monash University Department of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Warragul, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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Stavnes K, Ruud T, Benth JŠ, Hanssen-Bauer K, Solantaus T, Hilsen M, Skogøy BE, Kallander EK, Kufås E, Weimand BM. Norwegian health personnel's contacts and referrals for children of ill parents: an exploratory cross-sectional multi-centre study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:649. [PMID: 37330496 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2010, changes were made to the Norwegian Health Personnel Act. This led to all health personnel being obliged to support the patients' children and families. The aims of this study were to investigate whether health personnel contacted or referred the patients' children to family/friends or public services. We also investigated if there were factors in the family or the services that increased or decreased the degree of contacts and referrals. In addition the patients were asked whether the law had been a help or even a burden. This study was part of a larger multi-site study of children of ill parents conducted in five health trusts in Norway. METHOD We used cross-sectional data from 518 patients and 278 health personnel. The informants completed a questionnaire addressing the law. Data were analyzed by factor analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS The health personnel contacted/referred children to different services, but not to the degree desired by their parents. Only a few contacted family/friends, or the school and/or the public health nurse, those representing the helpers who live closest to the child, and thus well situated to participate in help and preventive efforts. The service most often referred to was the child welfare service. CONCLUSION The results indicate a change in contacts/referrals for children from their parents' health personnel but also reveal remaining needs for support/help for these children. Health personnel should strive to write more referrals and take more contacts than the current study suggests, to secure adequate support for children of ill parents in Norway, as intended in The Health Personnel Act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Stavnes
- The Regional Centre for Eating Disorders (RESSP), Nordland Hospital Trust, 8092, Bodø, Norway.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- The Regional Centre for Eating Disorders (RESSP), Nordland Hospital Trust, Kløveråsveien 1, 8076, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Torleif Ruud
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Ahus, Akershus, Norway
| | - Jūratė Šaltytė Benth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Ahus, Akershus, Norway
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ketil Hanssen-Bauer
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Ahus, Akershus, Norway
| | - Tytti Solantaus
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marit Hilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, RBUP Øst Og Sør, Postboks 4623, 0405, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørg Eva Skogøy
- The Regional Centre for Eating Disorders (RESSP), Nordland Hospital Trust, 8092, Bodø, Norway
- Nordland Research Institute, Postboks 1490, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Elin Kufås
- Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Bente M Weimand
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Health, Social and Welfare Studies, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
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Bell MF, Glauert R, Roos LL, Wall-Wieler E. Examining the relationship between maternal mental health-related hospital admissions and childhood developmental vulnerability at school entry in Canada and Australia. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e29. [PMID: 36715086 PMCID: PMC9970171 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that maternal mental illness is associated with an increased risk of poor development for children. However, inconsistencies in findings regarding the nature of the difficulties children experience may be explained by methodological or geographical differences. AIMS We used a common methodological approach to compare developmental vulnerability for children whose mothers did and did not have a psychiatric hospital admission between conception and school entry in Manitoba, Canada, and Western Australia, Australia. We aimed to determine if there are common patterns to the type and timing of developmental difficulties across the two settings. METHOD Participants included children who were assessed with the Early Development Instrument in Manitoba, Canada (n = 69 785), and Western Australia, Australia (n = 19 529). We examined any maternal psychiatric hospital admission (obtained from administrative data) between conception and child's school entry, as well as at specific time points (pregnancy and each year until school entry). RESULTS Log-binomial regressions modelled the risk of children of mothers with psychiatric hospital admissions being developmentally vulnerable. In both Manitoba and Western Australia, an increased risk of developmental vulnerability on all domains was found. Children had an increased risk of developmental vulnerability regardless of their age at the time their mother was admitted to hospital. CONCLUSIONS This cross-national comparison provides further evidence of an increased risk of developmental vulnerability for children whose mothers experience severe mental health difficulties. Provision of preventative services during early childhood to children whose mothers experience mental ill health may help to mitigate developmental difficulties at school entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan F Bell
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Western Australia; and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Western Australia
| | - Rebecca Glauert
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia; and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Western Australia
| | - Leslie L Roos
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
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Reupert A, Tchernegovski P, Chen L, Huddle M. Experiences of family members when a parent is hospitalized for their mental illness: a qualitative systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:56. [PMID: 36670415 PMCID: PMC9862559 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable proportion of people attending mental health services are parents with dependent children. Parental mental illness can be challenging for all family members including the parent's children and partner. The hospitalization of the parent and subsequent separation from dependent children may be a particularly challenging time for all family members. The aim of this paper was to review qualitative studies of family members' experiences when parents, who have dependent children, were hospitalized for their mental illness. The experiences of parents themselves, their children aged 0-18 (including retrospective accounts of adults describing their childhoods), and other family members are included. METHODS This systematic review followed Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA guidelines. A search was performed with keywords relating to parents, mental illness, psychiatric treatment, inpatient units, family members and experiences. Databases included CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, ProQuest, MEDLINE, PubMed and Scopus. Quality assessment was undertaken using an expanded version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Thematic synthesis was conducted on the included papers. RESULTS Eight papers were identified. The quality assessment was rated as high in some papers, in terms of the clarity of research aims, justification of the methodology employed, recruitment strategy and consideration of ethics. In others, the study design, inclusion criteria and reporting of participant demographics were unclear. Family experiences of pressure and additional responsibilities associated with the parent receiving inpatient treatment were identified along with the family's need for psychoeducational information, and guidance when visiting the parent in hospital. Children expressed various emotions and the need to connect with others. The final theme related to adverse impacts on the parent-child bond when the parent was hospitalized. CONCLUSION The limited research in this area indicates that the needs of families are not being met when a parent is hospitalized for their mental illness. There is a considerable need for adequate models of care, family-focused training for staff, and psychoeducational resources for families. Additional research in this area is essential to understand the experiences of different family members during this vulnerable time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Reupert
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Phillip Tchernegovski
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Lingling Chen
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Maddison Huddle
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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11
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Maybery D, Reupert A, Casey Jaffe I, Cuff R, Duncan Z, Dunkley-Smith A, Grant A, Kennelly M, Eva Skogøy B, Weimand B, Ruud T. Getting the FACS: A Protocol for Developing a Survey Instrument to Measure Carer and Family Engagement with Mental Health Services. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16279. [PMID: 36498364 PMCID: PMC9741005 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Government policies recommend, and all stakeholders benefit, when mental health services meaningfully engage with carers and family. However, health service engagement with carers is inadequate, and often non-existent with children whose parents are service users. There are seven fundamental ways that carers and families want to be integrated with and engaged by health services but current survey instruments do not capture these seven engagement practices. This protocol describes the development of two closely aligned Family and Carer Surveys (FACS) to measure engagement of service users in mental health services. The new measures are based on the seven engagement themes and a conceptual distinction between the carer and family, with particular focus on where the service user is a parent. The instruments will be developed in five stages; (1) item generation (2) Cognitive pretesting of survey (3) preliminary item content quantitative assessment (4) psychometric analysis of a large data collection and (5) selection of items for short form instruments. These steps will operationalise the seven fundamental ways that families and carers want to be engaged with mental health services, thereby providing valid and reliable measures for use in research and benchmarking of carer and family engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Maybery
- Department of Rural Health & Indigenous Health, Monash University, Warragul 3820, Australia
| | - Andrea Reupert
- School of Educational Psychology & Counselling, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Irene Casey Jaffe
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rose Cuff
- Satellite Foundation, Melbourne Central, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Zoe Duncan
- Department of Rural Health & Indigenous Health, Monash University, Warragul 3820, Australia
| | - Addy Dunkley-Smith
- Department of Rural Health & Indigenous Health, Monash University, Warragul 3820, Australia
| | - Anne Grant
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Melissa Kennelly
- Department of Rural Health & Indigenous Health, Monash University, FaPMI Strategy, Mildura 3500, Australia
| | | | - Bente Weimand
- Center for Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3004 Drammen, Norway
- Division Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Torleif Ruud
- Division Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Reupert A, Bee P, Hosman C, van Doesum K, Drost LM, Falkov A, Foster K, Gatsou L, Gladstone B, Goodyear M, Grant A, Grove C, Isobel S, Kowalenko N, Lauritzen C, Maybery D, Mordoch E, Nicholson J, Reedtz C, Solantaus T, Stavnes K, Weimand BM, Yates S, Ruud T. Editorial Perspective: Prato Research Collaborative for change in parent and child mental health - principles and recommendations for working with children and parents living with parental mental illness. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:350-353. [PMID: 34582039 PMCID: PMC9293418 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Children whose parents have mental illnesses are among the most vulnerable in our communities. There is however, much that can be done to prevent or mitigate the impact of a parent's illness on children. Notwithstanding the availability of several evidence-based interventions, efforts to support these children have been limited by a lack of adequate support structures. Major service reorientation is required to better meet the needs of these children and their families. This editorial provides recommendations for practice, organisational, and systems change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Reupert
- School of Educational Psychology and CounsellingFaculty of EducationMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | - Penny Bee
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social WorkUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Clemens Hosman
- Department Clinical PsychologyRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands,Department of Health PromotionMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Karin van Doesum
- Department Clinical PsychologyRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands,UiT The Artic University of NorwayTromsoNorway
| | - Louisa M. Drost
- Rob Giel Research CenterUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Adrian Falkov
- Child & Youth MH ServiceRoyal North Shore HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Kim Foster
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & ParamedicineAustralian Catholic UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia,NorthWestern Mental HealthMelbourne HealthMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Lina Gatsou
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health ServicesLeicestershire Partnership NHS TrustLeicesterUK,The Faculty of Health and Life SciencesDe Montford UniversityLeicesterUK
| | - Brenda Gladstone
- Social & Behavioural Health Sciences DivisionDalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Melinda Goodyear
- School of Rural HealthMonash UniversityWarragulVic.Australia,Emerging MindsHiltonSAAustralia
| | - Anne Grant
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Christine Grove
- School of Educational Psychology and CounsellingFaculty of EducationMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | - Sophie Isobel
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Nick Kowalenko
- Emerging MindsHiltonSAAustralia,Sydney Children's Hospital Dr NetworkDepartment of Psychological Medicine Children's HospitalUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNSWAustralia
| | - Camilla Lauritzen
- Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and WelfareFaculty of Health SciencesUiT – Arctic University of NorwayTromsoNorway
| | - Darryl Maybery
- School of Rural HealthMonash UniversityWarragulVic.Australia
| | - Elaine Mordoch
- College of NursingRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Joanne Nicholson
- Heller School for Social Policy and ManagementInstitute for Behavioral HealthSchneider Institutes for Health PolicyBrandeis UniversityWalthamMAUSA
| | - Charlotte Reedtz
- Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and WelfareFaculty of Health SciencesUiT – Arctic University of NorwayTromsoNorway
| | - Tytti Solantaus
- Mental Health UnitFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kristin Stavnes
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Nordland Hospital TrustBodøNorway
| | - Bente M. Weimand
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK,Department of Health, Social and Welfare StudiesUniversity of South‐Eastern NorwayDrammenNorway,Mental Health ServicesAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
| | - Scott Yates
- School of Applied Social SciencesDe Montfort UniversityLeicesterUK
| | - Torleif Ruud
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Mental Health ServicesAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
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13
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Nordh ELW, Priebe G, Grip K, Afzelius M, Axberg U. Mental health in children of parents being treated by specialised psychiatric services. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:1113-1123. [PMID: 35191334 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221076208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One in ten children have a parent diagnosed with a mental illness by specialised psychiatric services. Severe parental mental illness is a well-established risk factor for children's mental health problems, making the identification and support of these children a public health concern. This study investigated the mental health and family context of children of parents diagnosed with depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder in this clinical setting. METHODS Parental reports on 87 children aged 8-17 years were analysed. The children's mental health was compared with that of a Swedish population-based sample. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate associations between child mental health and child gender, child age, parent symptoms and social status, family functioning, and perceived parental control. Furthermore, a cumulative risk index explored the effect of multiple risk factors on child mental health. RESULTS The children reportedly had significantly more mental health problems than did the population-based sample and about one-third had scores above the clinical cut-off. A significant multiple linear regression explained 49% of the variance in child mental health, with lower perceived parental control and younger child age being associated with more child mental health problems. With more reported risk factors, children reportedly had more mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS The results underline the importance of identifying a patient's children and assessing multiple relevant risk factors in the child's life. Furthermore, the results indicate that the needs of younger children and of patients in their parenting role are important to address.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisela Priebe
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Sweden
| | - Karin Grip
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Axberg
- Faculty of Social Studies, VID Specialized University, Norway
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14
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Everts S, van Amelsvoort T, Leijdesdorff S. Mandatory Check for COPMI in Adult Mental Healthcare Services in the Netherlands-A Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:807251. [PMID: 35370848 PMCID: PMC8971626 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.807251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of parents with a mental disorder and/or addiction (COPMI) are at increased risk of developing a mental disorder. In spite of preventive interventions that can decrease the risk of problem development, COPMI are not automatically offered help. In 2013, a mandatory COPMI check was implemented in the Netherlands, requiring every mental health care professional to check whether their adult patients have children and to assess these children's safety and needs. Earlier research has shown that a gap between these regulations and the actual integration in clinical practice is not uncommon. METHOD In the current study, we evaluated the implementation of the mandatory COPMI check in the Netherlands, using quantitative as well as qualitative data from a large mental healthcare organization in the Netherlands that offers both Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Adult Mental Healthcare. RESULTS Files from 14,469 patients were analyzed quantitatively and a sample of 150 files was further analyzed in depth. Findings were refined through 4 focus groups with adult mental healthcare professionals. It was found that while there are examples of the tool leading to interventions for COPMI, the tool is often not used, and when used tends to direct the focus away from COPMI needs and organizing help toward the more narrow and problematic focus on safety and reporting to child abuse authorities. CONCLUSION The potential of the COPMI check is currently not fully realized. Strategies to improve its effectiveness in clinical practice are needed to improve access to interventions for COPMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Everts
- Division Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Mondriaan Mental Health Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Division Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Mondriaan Mental Health Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sophie Leijdesdorff
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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15
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Radley J, Barlow J, Johns LC. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with parenthood amongst patients with a psychotic diagnosis: a cross-sectional study using patient clinical records. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1897-1906. [PMID: 35445841 PMCID: PMC9375763 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Estimates of parenthood in individuals with psychosis range from 27 to 63%. This number has likely increased due to the introduction of newer anti-psychotics and shorter hospital stays. The problems of psychosis can affect patients' capacity to offer the consistent, responsive care required for healthy child development. The following research questions were assessed: (1) what proportion of these patients have their children correctly recorded in their clinical notes, (2) what proportion of patients in secondary care with a psychotic diagnosis have children, and (3) what sociodemographic characteristics are associated with parenthood in this population. METHODS This study used CRIS (Clinical Record Interactive Search) to search for patients with a diagnosis of non-affective or affective psychosis (F20-29, F31.2 or F31.5) within a UK NHS Trust. A binomial regression model was fitted to identify the variables associated with parenthood. RESULTS Fewer than half of the parents in the sample had their children recorded in the correct field in their clinical notes. Of 5173 patients with psychosis, 2006 (38.8%) were parents. Characteristics associated with parenthood included being female, older age, higher socioeconomic status, renting or owning, having ever been married, being unemployed, not being White (British) and not having a diagnosis of schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Over one-third of patients with psychosis were parents, and the study indicates that not all NHS Trusts are recording dependants accurately. Many variables were strongly associated with parenthood and these findings may help target interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Radley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Jane Barlow
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32-37 Wellington Square, Oxford, OX1 2ER UK
| | - Louise C. Johns
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK
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16
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Family Functioning in Families Affected by Parental Mental Illness: Parent, Child, and Clinician Ratings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157985. [PMID: 34360277 PMCID: PMC8345719 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Family functioning is often impaired in families with a parent with mental illness and is linked to child mental health. This study aims to gain a better understanding of family functioning in affected families by comparing ratings among family members and by analyzing associations with clinician-rated family functioning. The cross-sectional sample comprised 210 families with ratings of 207 patients, 139 partners, and 100 children. Parents with a mental illness as well as their partners and children completed the German version of the Family Assessment Measure (FAM). Clinician ratings were obtained by the Global Assessment of Relational Functioning Scale (GARF). We conducted several mixed models to compare ratings of family functioning while accounting for family cluster. Family dysfunction was consistently elevated compared to a normative sample. On several domains, parents with a mental illness perceived family functioning to be worse compared to their partners and children. Partners and children did not differ in their perceptions of family functioning. Ratings of family members were moderately associated with clinician ratings. We discuss the importance of multi-informant assessment of family functioning and the implementation of family-based interventions for families with a parent with mental illness.
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17
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Psychological Treatments with Children of Parents with Mental Illness: A Systematic Review. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-021-09608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Allchin B, Weimand BM, O'Hanlon B, Goodyear M. A Sustainability Model for Family-Focused Practice in Adult Mental Health Services. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:761889. [PMID: 35115958 PMCID: PMC8804966 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.761889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translating evidence-based practice to routine care is known to take significant time and effort. While many evidenced-based family-focused practices have been developed and piloted in the last 30 years, there is little evidence of sustained practice in Adult Mental Health Services. Moreover, many barriers have been identified at both the practitioner and organizational level, however sustainability of practice change is little understood. What is clear, is that sustained use of a new practice is dependent on more than individual practitioners' practice. DESIGN AND METHOD Drawing on research on sustaining Let's Talk about Children in adult mental health services and in the field of implementation science, this article proposes a model for sustaining family focused practice in adult mental health services. SUSTAINABILITY MODEL FOR FAMILY-FOCUSED PRACTICE An operational model developed from key elements for sustaining Let's Talk about Children identifies six action points for Adult Mental Health Services and their contexts to support the sustainability of family-focused practices. The model aims to support Services to take action in the complexity of real-world sustainability, providing action points for engaging with service users and practitioners, aligning intra-organizational activities, and the wider context. CONCLUSION The model for sustaining family-focused practice draws attention to the importance of sustainability in this field. It provides a practical framework for program developers, implementers, adult mental health services and policy-makers to consider both the components that support the sustainability and their interconnection. The model could be built on to develop implementation guides and measures to support its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becca Allchin
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health, Mental Health Program, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bente M Weimand
- Division Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health, Social and Welfare Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
| | - Brendan O'Hanlon
- The Bouverie Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melinda Goodyear
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Emerging Minds, Hilton, SA, Australia
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19
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Boström PK, Strand J. Children and parents with psychosis-Balancing between relational attunement and protection from parental illness. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2020; 34:68-76. [PMID: 33285033 PMCID: PMC7898685 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Few studies have explored the experiences of young children and their parents with psychosis. The aim of the present study was to explore parent and child mental health and the parent–child relationship from the perspectives of children and their parents with psychosis. Methods The present study had a multiperspectival qualitative design. Seven children (aged 8–15 years) and their six parents with psychosis were interviewed individually. Data were analyzed according to interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results Children were found to have a limited understanding of the parent's illness. While both parents and children described the illness as part of ordinary life and focused on improvements, there was incoherence both within and between interviews. Parent–child relationships appeared to be nonhierarchical and to vary in terms of attunement and distance, which in turn seemed to be associated with the child's well‐being. Conclusion The findings contribute multiperspectival insights into lived experiences of young children and parents with psychosis. Nurses are in a key position to recognize the children's needs for continuous adult support and to promote communication about the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Strand
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Allchin B, O'Hanlon B, Weimand BM, Goodyear M. Practitioners' application of Let's Talk about Children intervention in adult mental health services. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2020; 29:899-907. [PMID: 32271500 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Family-focused interventions can improve outcomes for families where a parent has a mental illness. One such intervention, Let's Talk about Children (Let's Talk), is a series of parent-practitioner conversations in adult mental health with demonstrated improved outcomes for child, parent, and family well-being. This study used a questionnaire to understand the application of Let's Talk by n = 73 trained practitioners from eight adult mental health services who were previously involved in a randomized controlled study in Victoria, Australia. Data were analysed to establish the application of Let's Talk, and statistical analyses were undertaken to identify what influenced practitioners' delivery of Let's Talk. The study details how practitioners used Let's Talk and indicates that most used it as designed, with the majority offering it to parents and approximately 40% delivering it. The findings indicate there is a decline over time in both the number of practitioners using Let's Talk and the number of deliveries over time. Practitioners' use of Let's Talk was influenced by their gender, profession, access to support, time since training, and caseload. The article discusses the implications of these results for sustaining Let's Talk in adult mental health services. While this study gives a baseline of practitioners' application of Let's Talk, further exploration of the experience of practitioners and parents as well as other system factors will be helpful to understand barriers and enablers to continued practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becca Allchin
- School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Eastern Health Mental Health Program, Ringwood East, Vic., Australia
| | - Brendan O'Hanlon
- The Bouverie Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Bente M Weimand
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Division Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Melinda Goodyear
- School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Emerging Minds, Hilton, SA, Australia
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21
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Rohanachandra YM, Amarabandu HGI, Rohanachandra LT. Parenting with mental illness among patients presenting to a teaching hospital in Sri Lanka: Challenges and perceived care needs. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51:102003. [PMID: 32222646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parenting with mental illness is associated with family conflicts, parenting difficulties, low parental confidence and increased mental health and behavioural problems in children. Family focused interventions improve child outcomes by about 40 %. However, such services are not available in Sri Lanka.A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in the general adult psychiatry follow-up clinics in a Teaching Hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka to assess the needs of parents with mental illness. A specifically designed interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic details, difficulties with parenting and perceived care needs. A specifically designed data extraction form was used to gather information from the clinic records, about the parents' illness.Our study revealed that 45.1 % of children knew that their parent had a psychiatric disorder. A total of 67.3 % of parents believed that their mental illness had an impact on their parenting of which, 26.8 % thought that this impact was marked. 67.8 % of parents believed that their illness was having an impact on their children. A total of 36.4 % of parents reported having concerns about their children's behaviour, emotions or relationships but only 16.4 % of them said that they would discuss these with their treating doctor. Our study showed that mental illness in parents had a substantial impact on parenting and their children. However, those who sought professionals help in this regard were few and far between. Services aimed at the specific needs of these parents should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasodha Maheshi Rohanachandra
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Soratha Mawatha, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - H G Irosha Amarabandu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Soratha Mawatha, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
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22
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Leonard R, Linden M, Grant A. Predictors of family focused practice among health visitors: A mixed methods study. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:1255-1265. [PMID: 32012334 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine what predicts health visitors' family-focused practice with mothers who have mental illness. To explore health visitors' experiences of family-focused practice and what factors, if any, enable and/or hinder it. DESIGN A sequential mixed-methods design was employed. METHODS In Phase 1, a total of 230 health visitors, in five Health and Social Care Trusts in the UK were recruited using convenience sampling and completed the Family Focused Mental Health Practice Questionnaire. Three multiple regression models were developed to test whether workload (Model I), professional knowledge (Model II) and health visitors' professional and personal experience (Model III) predicted their family-focused practice. In Phase 2, 10 health visitors, who completed the questionnaire, participated in semi-structured interviews to describe their experiences of family-focused practice. The data collection of the two phases was conducted from September 2017 - September 2018. RESULTS Model III was significant. While personal experience of parenting was positively associated with family-focused practice, length registered as a health visitor and personal experience of mental illness was negatively associated. Qualitative findings suggested that increasing years of professional experience and personal experience of mental illness enabled health visitors to support mothers and their children, but not other adult family members, including partners. Limited skills and knowledge to support mothers with severe mental illness (i.e. schizophrenia) hindered family-focused practice. CONCLUSION This study advances understanding of how health visitors' professional and personal experiences can influence their family-focused practice and highlights the importance of organizations promoting their capacity to support mothers with severe mental illness and to include mothers' partners. IMPACT A clear understanding of factors affecting health visitors' capacity to engage in family-focused practice will help to inform policy, education and practice in health visiting; with potential to improve outcomes for the whole family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Leonard
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark Linden
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Anne Grant
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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