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Khan M, Majeed S, Ain Q, Nawaz A, Sumra KA, Lammi V, Nihal F, Afrah A, Khan EA, Khan MI, Sadiq F. Long COVID in Pakistan: a cross-sectional analysis of health and psychosocial outcomes. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:1250-1264. [PMID: 38151820 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2297748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization-led Delphi consensus, long COVID corresponds to the occurrence of symptoms beyond twelve weeks after the onset of acute COVID-19 illness that cannot be explained by alternate diagnosis. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyse the impacts of long COVID on general health and psychosocial well-being. For this study, the participants were interviewed either face to face or via telephone, and their responses were recorded on a questionnaire capturing information on demographics, COVID-19 status, duration of symptoms and long COVID symptoms. The psychosocial impacts of the pandemic were assessed using scales like Short Mood and feeling questionnaire (sMFQ), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Regression analysis was conducted to analyse the predictors of long COVID. A total of 300 participants were interviewed, of which 155 (52%) had COVID-19 illness. Of these 54 (35%) had persistent symptoms for a period of more than 12 weeks classified as long COVID. Muscle problems and fatigue were the most frequent (14.7%) symptoms encountered, followed by breathing problems (12.6%) and cognitive issues (12.6%). The symptoms of decrease in appetite and confusion or disorientation during the initial phase of the infection were associated with long COVID. The majority of the participants (83.3%) had moderate level of perceived stress, while moderate to severe levels of stress were observed in 17.3% of the individuals. Moreover, a high level of positive mental well-being was also observed. This study highlights the need for further research into the clinical aspects and implications of long COVID in Pakistan and emphasizes the importance of ongoing support for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Khan
- Directorate of Research, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Majeed
- Department of Physiology, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Quratul Ain
- Directorate of Research, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Nawaz
- Directorate of Research, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Vilma Lammi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Faizan Nihal
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aleena Afrah
- Department of Psychology, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Iqbal Khan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Sadiq
- Directorate of Research, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Antonelli M, Donelli D. Evaluating qigong as integrative support for COVID-19 and Long-COVID-19 rehabilitation: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1403130. [PMID: 38807958 PMCID: PMC11130475 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1403130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amidst the ongoing global impact of COVID-19 on public health, there is an increasing focus on holistic strategies encompassing integrative therapies and rehabilitation techniques, particularly in addressing the challenges posed by Long-COVID-19. This review investigates the potential of Qigong, an ancient Chinese practice characterized by gentle movements, controlled breathing, and meditative elements, within the context of COVID-19. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify pertinent clinical studies. Results Following thorough database scrutiny, nine studies were identified as meeting the eligibility criteria. Across the spectrum of COVID-19 severity, individuals engaging in qigong practice exhibited notable enhancements in both physical and psychological wellbeing, evidenced by ameliorated respiratory symptoms, reduced anxiety levels, enhanced sleep quality, bolstered mental wellbeing, and augmented health-related quality of life. Moreover, qigong training, whether employed independently or in conjunction with other therapies, demonstrated beneficial effects on Long-COVID-19 symptoms, encompassing persistent respiratory issues, dizziness, sleep disturbances, and compromised health-related quality of life. Discussion This review underscores the necessity for further investigation to quantify and standardize the contribution of Qigong to COVID-19 recovery and rehabilitation. Such endeavors aim to integrate this accessible and low-impact practice into public health strategies and comprehensive treatment regimens. Systematic review registration The review protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework under the following doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/7K5X6 (URL: https://osf.io/7k5x6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Antonelli
- Department of Public Health, Azienda Unitá Sanitaria Locale – Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Davide Donelli
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Jia Q, Qu Y, Huo H, Yin H, Jiang M, You D. Chronic stress and turnover intention of resident physicians after experiencing COVID-19. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:707. [PMID: 37759300 PMCID: PMC10537431 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have explored the stress and turnover intention of healthcare workers, but as important backup talents in the healthcare system, resident physicians have received little attention from researchers, especially after experiencing COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the chronic stress and turnover intention of resident physicians after experiencing COVID-19. METHODS From June to August 2022, we conducted a questionnaire survey on resident physicians in the Children's Hospital of Hebei Province through the online platform (Wenjuanxing) to evaluate their chronic stress and turnover intention after experiencing COVID-19. For the collected data, we used frequency and percentage to make the statistical description, the Chi-square test to make a univariate analysis on the scores of chronic stress and turnover intention scale, and binary logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of turnover intention. RESULTS Out of 143 respondents, we finally received 127 questionnaires, with a response rate of 88.81%. Among 127 respondents, 80.31% of resident physicians experienced varying degrees of chronic stress (mild: 36.22%, moderate: 35.43%, severe: 8.66%), and 74.80% of resident physicians showed varying degrees of turnover intention (mild: 23.62%, moderate: 37.79%, severe: 13.39%). Moreover, age (OR = 0.772, P = 0.042), identity (OR = 8.648, P = 0.021), and chronic stress levels (mild: OR = 6.938, P = 0.003; moderate: OR = 44.049, P < 0.003; severe: OR = 46.141, P = 0.004) can significantly affect turnover intention. CONCLUSION In this study, we reported a relatively high proportion of resident physicians with high chronic stress and high turnover intention after experiencing COVID-19. We suggest that the relevant departments should pay more attention to the resident physicians' group and formulate corresponding measures to solve the problems faced by the resident physicians and ensure the stability of the health human resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Jia
- Organization and Personnel Department, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Scientific research division, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huisheng Huo
- Scientific research division, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongxia Yin
- Human resources department, Affiliated hospital of north Sichuan medical college, Nanchong, China
| | - Meijun Jiang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dianping You
- Party and Government Integrated Office, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Dolbier CL, Vanacore SM, Conder L, Guiler W. A mixed-methods investigation of COVID-19 pandemic-specific stress in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37722868 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2253929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify pandemic-specific stressors among college students and compare patterns of stressors in samples obtained during early and chronic phases of the pandemic. METHOD Different undergraduate student samples from a Southeastern university completed an online survey in Spring 2020 (early pandemic; N = 673) and Fall 2020 (chronic pandemic; N = 439). This repeated cross-sectional survey study used a mixed methods triangulation design to validate and expand on quantitative findings using qualitative data. RESULTS Quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed 13 pandemic stressor domains, with academics and lifestyle adjustment among the most stressful in both samples, and more stressful in the chronic pandemic sample. Non-freshmen, female, and first-generation college students were at greater risk for pandemic stress. CONCLUSIONS As college students continue to experience stressors related to COVID-19 and encounter future crises, colleges and universities must adapt to meet their unique needs specific to the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christyn L Dolbier
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah M Vanacore
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren Conder
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - William Guiler
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Bhattacharyya KK, Liu Y, Gothe NP, Fauth EB. Mind-Body Practice and Family Caregivers' Subjective Well-Being: Findings From the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214231185912. [PMID: 37435003 PMCID: PMC10331065 DOI: 10.1177/23337214231185912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Informal caregiving has been associated with higher stress and lower levels of subjective well-being. Mind-body practices including yoga, tai chi, and Pilates also incorporate stress reducing activities. The current study aimed to examine the association between mind-body practice and subjective well-being among informal family caregivers. Methods: A sample of informal caregivers were identified in the Midlife in the United States study (N = 506, M ± SDage = 56 ± 11, 67% women). We coded mind-body practice into three categories, including regular practice (participating in one or more of them "a lot" or "often"), irregular (participating "sometimes" and "rarely") and no practice ("never"). Subjective well-being was measured using the 5-item global life satisfaction scale and the 9-item mindfulness scale. We used multiple linear regression models to examine associations between mind-body practice and caregivers' subjective well-being, controlling for covariates of sociodemographic factors, health, functional status, and caregiving characteristics. Results: Regular practice was associated with both better mindfulness-related well-being (b = 2.26, p < .05) and better life satisfaction (b = 0.43, p < .05), after controlling for covariates. Discussion: Future research should examine whether there is a selection effect of caregivers with higher well-being being more likely to choose these activities, and/or if mind-body practices are effective non-pharmacological interventions to improve family caregivers' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin Liu
- Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | - Neha P. Gothe
- University of Illinois, Urbana
Champaign, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA,
USA
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Kannan MA, Ab Aziz NA, Ab Rani NS, Abdullah MW, Mohd Rashid MH, Shab MS, Ismail NI, Ab Ghani MA, Reza F, Muzaimi M. A review of the holy Quran listening and its neural correlation for its potential as a psycho-spiritual therapy. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12308. [PMID: 36578419 PMCID: PMC9791337 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its revelation over 14 centuries ago, the Holy Quran is considered as scriptural divine words of Islam, and it is believed to promote psycho-spiritual therapeutic benefits to its reciter and/or listener. In this context, the listening of rhythmic Quranic verses among Muslims is often viewed as a form of unconventional melodic vocals, with accompanied anecdotal claims of the 'Quranic chills' pleasing effect. However, compared to music, rhythm, and meditation therapy, information on the neural basis of the anecdotal healing effects of the Quran remain largely unexplored. Current studies in this area took the leads from the low-frequency neuronal oscillations (i.e., alpha and theta) as the neural correlates, mainly using electroencephalography (EEG) and/or magnetoencephalography (MEG). In this narrative review, we present and discuss recent work related to these neural correlates and highlight several methodical issues and propose recommendations to progress this emerging transdisciplinary research. Collectively, evidence suggests that listening to rhythmic Quranic verses activates similar brain regions and elicits comparable therapeutic effects reported in music and rhythmic therapy. Notwithstanding, further research are warranted with more concise and standardized study designs to substantiate these findings, and opens avenue for the listening to Quranic verses as an effective complementary psycho-spiritual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdalla Kannan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
| | - Nurfaizatul Aisyah Ab Aziz
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syairah Ab Rani
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Waqiyuddin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Rashid
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kuliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mas Syazwanee Shab
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Iman Ismail
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Amiri Ab Ghani
- Department of Quran and Hadith, Sultan Ismail Petra International College, Nilam Puri, Kelantan, 15730, Malaysia
| | - Faruque Reza
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Mustapha Muzaimi
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia,Corresponding author.
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Carrouel F, du Sartz de Vigneulles B, Bourgeois D, Kabuth B, Baltenneck N, Nusbaum F, Burge V, Roy S, Buchheit S, Carrion-Martinaud ML, Massoubre C, Fraticelli L, Dussart C. Mental Health Mobile Apps in the French App Store: Assessment of Functionality and Quality (Preprint). JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 10:e41282. [PMID: 36223178 PMCID: PMC9607929 DOI: 10.2196/41282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 800 million people, representing 11% of the world’s population, are affected by mental health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated problems and triggered a decline in well-being, with drastic increase in the incidence of conditions such as anxiety, depression, and stress. Approximately 20,000 mental health apps are listed in mobile app stores. However, no significant evaluation of mental health apps in French, spoken by approximately 300 million people, has been identified in the literature yet. Objective This study aims to review the mental health mobile apps currently available on the French Apple App Store and Google Play Store and to evaluate their quality using Mobile App Rating Scale–French (MARS-F). Methods Screening of mental health apps was conducted from June 10, 2022, to June 17, 2022, on the French Apple App Store and Google Play Store. A shortlist of 12 apps was identified using the criteria of selection and assessed using MARS-F by 9 mental health professionals. Intraclass correlation was used to evaluate interrater agreement. Mean (SD) scores and their distributions for each section and item were calculated. Results The highest scores for MARS-F quality were obtained by Soutien psy avec Mon Sherpa (mean 3.85, SD 0.48), Evoluno (mean 3.54, SD 0.72), and Teale (mean 3.53, SD 0.87). Mean engagement scores (section A) ranged from 2.33 (SD 0.69) for Reflexe reussite to 3.80 (SD 0.61) for Soutien psy avec Mon Sherpa. Mean aesthetics scores (section C) ranged from 2.52 (SD 0.62) for Mental Booster to 3.89 (SD 0.69) for Soutien psy avec Mon Sherpa. Mean information scores (section D) ranged from 2.00 (SD 0.75) for Mental Booster to 3.46 (SD 0.77) for Soutien psy avec Mon Sherpa. Mean Mobile App Rating Scale subjective quality (section E) score varied from 1.22 (SD 0.26) for VOS – journal de l’humeur to 2.69 (SD 0.84) for Soutien psy avec Mon Sherpa. Mean app specificity (section F) score varied from 1.56 (SD 0.97) for Mental Booster to 3.31 (SD 1.22) for Evoluno. For all the mental health apps studied, except Soutien psy avec Mon Sherpa (11/12, 92%), the subjective quality score was always lower than the app specificity score, which was always lower than the MARS-F quality score, and that was lower than the rating score from the iPhone Operating System or Android app stores. Conclusions Mental health professionals assessed that, despite the lack of scientific evidence, the mental health mobile apps available on the French Apple App Store and Google Play Store were of good quality. However, they are reluctant to use them in their professional practice. Additional investigations are needed to assess their compliance with recommendations and their long-term impact on users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Carrouel
- Health Systemic Process, Research Unit UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Denis Bourgeois
- Health Systemic Process, Research Unit UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Kabuth
- Prisme Team, Interpsy Laboratory, Research Unit EA4432, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Nancy Psychotherapeutic Center, Laxou, France
| | - Nicolas Baltenneck
- Development, Individual, Process, Disability, University Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Fanny Nusbaum
- Health Systemic Process, Research Unit UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Burge
- Prisme Team, Interpsy Laboratory, Research Unit EA4432, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Nancy Psychotherapeutic Center, Laxou, France
| | - Sylvain Roy
- Health Systemic Process, Research Unit UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Buchheit
- Prisme Team, Interpsy Laboratory, Research Unit EA4432, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Nancy Psychotherapeutic Center, Laxou, France
| | | | - Catherine Massoubre
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit EA7423, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center of Saint Etienne, University Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Laurie Fraticelli
- Health Systemic Process, Research Unit UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claude Dussart
- Health Systemic Process, Research Unit UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Systematic Review of Mind–Body Modalities to Manage the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Era. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10061027. [PMID: 35742076 PMCID: PMC9222815 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) have suffered physical and psychological threats since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Mind-body modalities (MBMs) can reduce the long-term adverse health effects associated with COVID-specific chronic stress. This systematic review aims to investigate the role of MBMs in managing the mental health of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive search was conducted using 6 electronic databases, resulting in 18 clinical studies from 2019 to September 2021. Meta-analysis showed that MBMs significantly improved the perceived stress of HCWs (standardized mean difference, −0.37; 95% confidence intervals, −0.53 to −0.21). In addition, some MBMs had significant positive effects on psychological trauma, burnout, insomnia, anxiety, depression, self-compassion, mindfulness, quality of life, resilience, and well-being, but not psychological trauma and self-efficacy of HCWs. This review provides data supporting the potential of some MBMs to improve the mental health of HCWs during COVID-19. However, owing to poor methodological quality and heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes of the included studies, further high-quality clinical trials are needed on this topic in the future.
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Kwon CY, Lee B. A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mind-Body Modalities to Manage the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Era. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101320. [PMID: 34683000 PMCID: PMC8544439 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become an unprecedented threat to humanity worldwide, including healthcare workers (HCWs). Mind–body modalities have been used to improve the mental health, well-being, quality of life, and physical health of clinical and general populations, and may also be used to improve the mental health of HCWs during COVID-19. The objective of this review is to analyze the effectiveness of mind–body modalities for the mental health of HCWs in the COVID-19 era. Six electronic bibliographic databases were comprehensively searched to find intervention studies using mind–body modalities, including meditation, mindfulness-based intervention, autogenic training, yoga, tai chi, qigong, breathing exercise, music therapy, guided imagery, biofeedback, prayer, and faith-based techniques for HCWs. All intervention studies conducted from December 2019 to August 2021 will be included. Quality assessment will be performed according to study type, and Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool will be used for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). If sufficient homogeneous data from RCTs exist, a meta-analysis will be performed. Dichotomous data and continuous data are presented as risk ratios and mean differences with their 95% confidence intervals, respectively. The results of this systematic review will be disseminated through the publication of a manuscript in a peer-reviewed journal or by presentation at a conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-714, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-850-8808
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea;
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