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Covelli V, Camisasca E, Manzoni GM, Crescenzo P, Marelli A, Visco MA, Cafagna D, Marsicovetere V, Pesce M, Cantoia M. After the first lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic: Perceptions, experiences, and effects on well-being in Italian people. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1172456. [PMID: 37333603 PMCID: PMC10274577 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1172456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent measures of containment, multiple studies have been conducted aimed at assessing the impacts on people's psychophysical well-being; however, few studies have investigated the general population's perceptions, experiences, and effects by adopting a mixed-method approach. Methods A total of 855 Italian participants completed an online survey, conducted in the period following the first lockdown in Italy. Psychological well-being, perceived stress and COVID-19-related fears were assessed by standardized questionnaires (Psychological General Well-Being Index-Short version, Perceived Stress Scale 10, and Multidimensional Assessment of COVID-19-Related Fears). The process of sense-making of the experience during the lockdown period was also evaluated by means of an open-ended question. Results Participants reported a lower level of general well-being, and a higher level of both perceived stress and COVID-19-related fear during the lockdown period compared to the time of the survey (1 month after the resumption of activities). The thematic analysis of responses to the open-ended question revealed two factors and five clusters, which explain the thematic variance among the narratives: the first factor refers to the type of experience (emotional states and feelings vs. objective descriptions of daily activities), while the second concerns positive or negative connotations of the experiences reported. Conclusions This study explored the psychological impact of the first lockdown on people's well-being, and described the process of making sense of the experience during the lockdown 1 month after going back to previous habits. Results highlighted the effectiveness of the mixed-method approach for an in-depth and exhaustive investigation of people's psychological condition during and after the first lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pietro Crescenzo
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Dario Cafagna
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Como, Italy
| | | | - Mario Pesce
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Como, Italy
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2
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Alfonsi V, Varallo G, Scarpelli S, Gorgoni M, Filosa M, De Gennaro L, Musetti A, Franceschini C. 'This is the last episode': the association between problematic binge-watching and loneliness, emotion regulation, and sleep-related factors in poor sleepers. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13747. [PMID: 36254098 PMCID: PMC10078456 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on the relation between binge-watching and sleep quality is still scarce and inconsistent and none has taken into account both the healthy and pathological dimensions of the phenomenon. This study aimed at filling this gap by investigating both aspects in healthy participants with high and low sleep quality. Further, we aimed at identifying sociodemographic, psychological and sleep-related determinants of problematic binge-watching in poor sleepers. We first conducted independent comparisons between good (n = 253) and poor sleepers (n = 209) on different binge-watching symptoms and motives, assessed through 'Binge-watching Engagement and Symptoms' and 'Watching TV Series Motives' questionnaires, respectively. Then, we focused on the problematic aspects of binge-watching in poor sleepers, investigating the role of emotion regulation, loneliness, and sleep-related factors using hierarchical multiple regressions. Comparisons between the two groups revealed a greater extent of binge-watching behaviour (t = -2.80, p = 0.005) and greater use of this practise to cope with negative emotions (t = -4.17, p < 0.001) in poor sleepers. In addition, hierarchical multiple regressions showed that gender (β = -0.166, p = 0.008), alcohol consumption (β = -0.135, p = 0.035), emotional dysregulation (β = 0.260, p = 0.001; β = 0.298, p < 0.001), feelings of loneliness (β = 0.159, p = 0.029; β = 0.199, p = 0.003), and daytime sleepiness (β = 0.149, p = 0.016) are significant determinants of problematic binge-watching in this population. In addition to showing for the first time the relationship between sleep quality and different aspects of binge-watching, our findings indicate that emotional dysregulation, feelings of loneliness, and daytime sleepiness play a key role in determining problematic binge-watching in poor sleepers, possibly due to the existence of a pathological vicious circle between these factors in poor sleepers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgia Varallo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Filosa
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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3
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Henkel D. [Fight against infection in early cinema - a retrospective in times of COVID-19]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2022; 147:1617-1625. [PMID: 36470270 DOI: 10.1055/a-1933-1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Contagious diseases and other conditions from the field of internal medicine have always kept the world on its edge. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has recently reminded us of this with all its terror. If one looks for a historical equivalent, the Spanish flu impresses with as many similarities as differences. However, many of these aspects are difficult to measure by statistics. How were the waves of infections perceived socially almost 100 years ago? What significance did they have in the lives of the ordinary people? And in what light was medical world showcased? An insightful way to get to the bottom of these questions can be through the historical analysis of the mass medium of film.This paper will therefore systematically analyze the decades surrounding the Spanish Flu, known in film history as the silent era. This venture not only fills a gap in film and medical history research, where the portrayal of the main antagonist of epidemics - the internist - has been missing. Furthermore, such a study helps to put the present events in an adequate context. As a result, it becomes clear how little contemporary developments should be seen as an anomaly; how cinema, as an anticipatory medium with a warning function, reflects medical reality; how poorly the film industry used the therapeutic possibilities of cinematic art in times of pandemics. Finally, however, it becomes particularly apparent what a significant role internal diseases or internists played in the history of cinema from the very beginning.
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Lucci TK, David VF, Prist R, Otta E. Some lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic: Subjective well-being before and during the pandemic among Brazilian adults. CURRENT RESEARCH IN ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 3:100070. [PMID: 36405988 PMCID: PMC9647418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2022.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Image, graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Kiehl Lucci
- Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Prist
- Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emma Otta
- Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Fino E, Humphries M, Robertson J, Orosz G, Griffiths MD. Factor structure, reliability and criterion-related validity of the English version of the Problematic Series Watching Scale. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e160. [PMID: 36000417 PMCID: PMC9438478 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological research in the past decade has investigated the psychosocial implications of problematic use of on-demand online video streaming services, particularly series watching. Yet, a psychometric measure of problematic series watching in English is not available. AIMS The present study aimed to test the factor structure, reliability and criterion-related validity of the English version of the Problematic Series Watching Scale, a six-item self-report assessing problematic series watching, based on the biopsychosocial components model of addiction. METHOD Participants were recruited from two UK university student samples. Study 1 (n = 333) comprised confirmatory factor analysis, reliability tests and item response theory analyses to test the original unidimensional model and investigate each item's levels of discrimination and information. Study 2 (n = 209) comprised correlation analyses to test the criterion-related validity of the scale. RESULTS There was a good fit of the theoretical model of the scale to the data (Comparative Fit Index = 0.998, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.024 [90% CI 0.000-0.093], Standardised Root Mean square Residual = 0.048), satisfactory reliability (ω = 0.79) and item levels of discrimination and information. The scale positively correlated with time spent watching series (rs = 0.26, P < 0.001) and negative affect (rs = 0.43, P < 0.001), and correlated negatively with positive affect (rs = -0.12, P > 0.05), mental well-being (rs = -0.25, P < 0.001) and sleep quality (rs = -0.14, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Results are discussed in relation to the ongoing debate on binge watching and series watching in the context of positive reinforcement versus problematic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gábor Orosz
- Sherpas Laboratory, Université d'Artois, France
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6
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Alimoradi Z, Jafari E, Potenza MN, Lin CY, Wu CY, Pakpour AH. Binge-Watching and Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159707. [PMID: 35955069 PMCID: PMC9368441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge-watching, the viewing of online videos or streamed content, may be associated with different types of mental health problems. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between binge-watching and five mental health concerns including depression, loneliness, sleep problems, anxiety, and stress. METHODS Academic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, PsycINFO, and Psych Articles were systematically searched through February of 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality. A meta-analysis was performed on Fisher's z values as effect sizes, using a random effect model. Publication bias, small study effect, and moderators in this association were assessed. RESULTS Binge-watching was significantly associated with the five types of mental health concerns with the most robust correlations found with stress (0.32) and anxiety (0.25). Stronger associations between binge-watching and two types of mental health problems (depression and sleep problems) were found during the COVID-19 pandemic than before the pandemic. Moreover, stronger associations between binge-watching and two types of mental health problems (stress and sleep problems) were found in developing countries than in developed countries. CONCLUSIONS The associations between binge-watching and mental health concerns were significant and positive. Programs and interventions to reduce binge-watching should be considered and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Alimoradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34197-59811, Iran
| | - Elahe Jafari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34197-59811, Iran
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, University Rd., Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 553 18 Jönköping, Sweden
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Shawcroft J, Gale M, Coyne SM, Twenge JM, Carroll JS, Brad Wilcox W, James S. Teens, screens and quarantine; the relationship between adolescent media use and mental health prior to and during COVID-19. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09898. [PMID: 35815154 PMCID: PMC9254574 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines associations between media use and mental health for adolescents prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using two separate datasets that sampled adolescents (8th, 10th, and 12th graders) in 2018 (n = 31,825) and 2020 (n = 1,523), mental health (hopelessness and happiness), media use (time spent using a variety of media), and personal health habits (sleep) were assessed. Overall, we found that there were significant differences by year in adolescent hopelessness, with adolescents reporting less hopelessness in 2020 (during COVID-19) than in 2018 (pre COVID-19). There were not practical significant differences in adolescent happiness and loneliness. Adolescents also reported getting more sleep in our 2020 sample than the 2018 sample. Adolescents in 2020 spent significantly more time watching movies and video chatting, but less time texting and on social media than adolescents in 2018. Finally, we found that time spent video chatting and sleep had a different relationship with various aspects of mental health (happiness, hopelessness, or loneliness) in 2018 vs. 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shawcroft
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, United States
| | - Megan Gale
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, United States
| | - Sarah M. Coyne
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, United States
| | - Jean M. Twenge
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, United States
| | | | - W. Brad Wilcox
- Department of Sociology, University of Virginia, United States
| | - Spencer James
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, United States
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Self-Determination as a Mechanism for Personality Sustainability in Conditions of Daily Stress. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, uncertainty, threat to life, and repeated lockdowns have significantly undermined people’s psychological well-being. In such situations, the basic needs for self-determination (SDT) are disrupted—autonomy, connectedness, and competence—but it is the resulting dissatisfaction that actualizes a search for strategies to cope with the problem. The objective of this article is to critically review the literature on various ways that people are coping with specific experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and their relationship to basic needs to maintain sustainability. We searched on the Web of Science CC database for relevant studies (2020–2021) and their systematization from the standpoint of Self-Determination Theory (SDT). This showed the dynamics of coping methods, reflecting a transition from confusion when confronted with stress, to the selection of effective strategies, confirming that when basic needs are blocked for a long time, people begin to search for a way to satisfy them. We present three levels of grouped coping methods: (1) physiological, (2) behavioral, and (3) cognitive, demonstrating their interrelationship with orientation (to oneself or to the context), assessment (a threat or a challenge), and basic psychological needs. The proposed model opens up prospects for creating effective coping and training programs for sustainable development of the individual in crisis situations.
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Evidence on Problematic Online Gaming and Social Anxiety over the Past Ten Years: a Systematic Literature Review. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The present study aimed to review the literature concerning the relationship between problematic online gaming (POG) and social anxiety, taking into account the variables implicated in this relationship. This review included studies published between 2010 and 2020 that were indexed in major databases with the following keywords: Internet gaming, disorder, addiction, problematic, social phobia, and social anxiety.
Recent Findings
In recent years, scientific interest in POG has grown dramatically. Within this prolific research field, difficulties associated with social anxiety have been increasingly explored in relation to POG. Indeed, evidence showed that individuals who experience social anxiety are more exposed to the risk of developing an excessive or addictive gaming behavior.
Summary
A total of 30 studies satisfied the initial inclusion criteria and were included in the present literature review. Several reviewed studies found a strong association between social anxiety and online gaming disorder. Furthermore, the relationships among social anxiety, POG, age, and psychosocial and comorbid factors were largely explored. Overall, the present review showed that socially anxious individuals might perceive online video games as safer social environments than face-to-face interactions, predisposing individuals to the POG. However, in a mutually reinforcing relationship, individuals with higher POG seem to show higher social anxiety. Therefore, despite online gaming might represent an activity able to alleviate psychopathological symptoms and/or negative emotional states, people might use online gaming to counterbalance distress or negative situations in everyday life, carrying out a maladaptive coping strategy.
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The Relationship between Psychological Distress during the Second Wave Lockdown of COVID-19 and Emotional Eating in Italian Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Emotional Dysregulation. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060569. [PMID: 34204480 PMCID: PMC8235082 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the impact of psychological distress experienced during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on emotional eating and to assess the mediating role of emotional dysregulation in a sample of Italian young adults (20-35). A total of 437 participants provided demographical data and were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Emotional Eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Correlational analyses were performed to assess the relationship between continuous variables, while ANOVA was conducted to detect differences between males and females for emotional eating. To assess whether demographic and clinical data predicted emotional eating, hierarchical linear regression was performed. Then, a mediation analysis was conducted to assess whether emotional dysregulation was a mediator between psychological distress and emotional eating. Emotional eating was associated with psychological distress and emotional dysregulation. Moreover, higher levels of emotional eating were found in females than in males. Predictors of emotional eating were sex, psychological distress, and emotional dysregulation. Mediation analyses showed that the indirect effect of psychological distress on emotional eating through emotional dysregulation was significant (b = 0.0069; SE = 0.0024; CI = 0.0024-0.0118), confirming that the relationship between psychological distress and emotional eating was mediated by emotional dysregulation, controlling for sex. The model explained 26.8% (R2 = 0.2680) of the variance. These findings may help to plan and develop psychological interventions aimed at addressing emotional eating in young adults by targeting emotional dysregulation.
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