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Chen XM, Liao XL, Chen IH, Gamble JH, Jiang XY, Li XD, Bo CX. The long-term effects of perceived instructional leadership on teachers' psychological well-being during COVID-19. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305494. [PMID: 39159165 PMCID: PMC11332923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak led to widespread school closures and the shift to remote teaching, potentially resulting in lasting negative impacts on teachers' psychological well-being due to increased workloads and a perceived lack of administrative support. Despite the significance of these challenges, few studies have delved into the long-term effects of perceived instructional leadership on teachers' psychological health. To bridge this research gap, we utilized longitudinal data from 927 primary and secondary school teachers surveyed in two phases: Time 1 in mid-November 2021 and Time 2 in early January 2022. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), our findings revealed that perceptions of instructional leadership, especially the "perceived school neglect of teaching autonomy" at Time 1 were positively correlated with burnout levels at Time 2. Additionally, burnout at Time 2 was positively associated with psychological distress and acted as a mediator between the "perceived school neglect of teaching autonomy" and psychological distress. In light of these findings, we recommend that schools prioritize teachers' teaching autonomy and take proactive measures to mitigate burnout and psychological distress, aiming for the sustainable well-being of both teachers and students in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Mei Chen
- School of Information Engineering, Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Ling Liao
- Faculty of Education, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Jeffrey H. Gamble
- Department of English, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Xing-Yong Jiang
- Yangan Primary School of Qionglai City, Qionglai, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu-Dong Li
- Gaogeng Nine-year School, Qionglai, Sichuan, China
| | - Cun-Xu Bo
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Education Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Liu T, Zhao Z, Wu C, Lu C, Liu M, An X, Sha Z, Wang X, Luo Z, Chen L, Liu C, Cao P, Zhang D, Jiang R. Impact of COVID-19 infection experience on mental health status of intensive care unit patients' family members: a real-world study. QJM 2023; 116:903-910. [PMID: 37498557 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Family members of patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) are susceptible to adverse psychological outcomes. However, there is a paucity of studies specifically examining the mental health symptoms in ICU patients' family members with a prior history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. AIM This study aimed to investigate mental health status and its influencing factors of ICU patients' family members with previous COVID-19 infection experience in China. DESIGN Nationwide, cross-sectional cohort of consecutive participants of family members of ICU patients from 10 provinces randomly selected in mainland China conducted between October 2022 and May 2023. METHODS The basic information scale, Self-rating depression scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Perceived Stress Scale, Connor-Davidson resilience scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were employed to explore mental health status among participants. RESULTS A total of 463 participants, comprising 156 individuals in Covid-19 family member cohort (infection group) and 307 individuals in control family member cohort (control group), met inclusion criteria. The infection group exhibited significantly higher incidence of composite mental health symptoms compared to control group (P = 0.017). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that being female, engaging in physical/mental labor, residing in rural areas, and having children were identified as risk factors for the development of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, while medical history of surgery was protective factor. A predictive model demonstrated a favorable discriminative ability and excellent calibration. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection experience regarded as new traumatic stressors worsen mental health status of ICU patients' family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - C Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - C Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - X An
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Z Sha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Z Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - P Cao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - D Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - R Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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Yao K, Chen P, Zhou H, Ruan J, Chen D, Yang X, Zhou Y. The effect of childhood trauma on suicide risk: the chain mediating effects of resilience and mental distress. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:865. [PMID: 37990217 PMCID: PMC10664623 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 years. A large number of studies have found that mental disorder in adulthood is closely related to childhood trauma, and the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk is influenced by resilience and mental distress. This study aimed to explore the effects of childhood trauma on suicide risk among young people and the potential roles of resilience and mental distress in the relationship between childhood trauma on suicide risk. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 742 young adults who were in graduate school stage from multiple provinces and cities in China. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-Short Form), Connor-Davison Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) were used to measure young adults' childhood trauma, resilience and suicide risk, respectively. 9-items Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and 7-items self-report Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used together to measure mental distress. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the initial relationships among the main variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to examine the chain mediating effects of resilience and mental distress in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk. RESULTS The structural equation modeling produced goodness of fit indices (χ2 /df = 3.668, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.060, NFI = 0.959, CFI = 0.969, GFI = 0.969, TLI = 0.955). Childhood trauma significantly predicted suicide risk (β = 0.232, p < 0.001) and mental distress (β = 0.181, p < 0.001), which had negative effect on resilience (β = -0.233, p < 0.001). Resilience negatively affected mental distress (β = -0.483, p < 0.001) and suicide risk (β = -0.142, p = 0.001), while mental distress positively associated with suicide risk (β = 0.219, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The current study revealed that resilience and mental distress played chain-mediating roles in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk. This suggests that we should view the suicide risk of graduate students from a comprehensive perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Yao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyi Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajia Ruan
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Student Affairs Office, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - You Zhou
- Student Affairs Office, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Wang Y, Xu J, Yang S, Jiang J, Gao J. Exploratory graph analysis on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) among older adults in China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19971. [PMID: 37968334 PMCID: PMC10651855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important for healthy aging to understand resilience in depth. This study aims to examine the dimensional structure underlying the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) among Chinese older adults. Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) was used to evaluate the dimensional structure of CD-RISC in two large samples: training sample (n = 11,493) and cross-validation sample (n = 7662). Then, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to compare the fit of the theoretical dimensions with the EGA dimensions. Finially, Generalized Linear Model was used to examine the association between resilience scores and self-rated health (SRH) after controlling other covariates in order to evaluate the predictive value of the EGA dimensions. The EGA indicated two demensions(named foresight and self-adjustment) of the 25-item CD-RISC. The CFA comparison found that the two-demension structure of CD-RISC fit significantly better than the theoretical three-demension structure. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, generalized linear model showed that the EGA dimensions has better protective value with SRH. Compared with older adults with lowest quartile of foresight, those with second (odds ratio, OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.62 ~ 0.75), third (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.45 ~ 0.56) and fourth quartile (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.37 ~ 0.48) of foresight had lower odds ratio of poor SRH. Similarly, older adults with the second (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.01 ~ 1.23) and fourth (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69 ~ 0.90) quartile of self-adjustment also had lower OR of poor SRH than those with lowest quartile of self-adjustment. These findings show that EGA outperforms the traditional methods, which may be helpful to understand resilience deeply. CD-RISC should be interpreted into two aspects among community-dwelling older adults in China, highlighting the significance of the practical value and cultural context of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jixiang Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shitong Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjia Jiang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Cooperative Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Core Unit of Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Gao L, Wang LL, Yang R, Yang XJ, Zhou SJ. Anxiety, Depression, Perceived Stress, and Burnout Among Chinese Researchers: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4209-4220. [PMID: 37868653 PMCID: PMC10590070 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s431011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Depression and anxiety have a significant impact on an individuals' work and personal life alike. The mental health of researchers is a significant concern worldwide. This study investigated the mental health status of Chinese researchers specifically and explored the moderating effects of perceived stress on the influence of low self-accomplishment on anxiety and depression. Methods The online survey platform "Survey Star" was used to create a questionnaire to be distributed to researchers, with 949 questionnaires retrieved. The general information questionnaire, 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) were used for this investigation. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to investigate correlations among the relevant variables. Model 8 of PROCESS 3.3 program was used to analyze the moderating effects of perceived stress. Results Among the 949 participants, 570 (60.1%) reported symptoms of depression and 431 (45.4%) had symptoms of anxiety, with about one in six reporting symptoms of self-harm or suicidal ideation. Perceived stress was found to moderate the effect of low self-accomplishment on depression and anxiety. Conclusion Here we show that researchers exhibit a high rate of depression and anxiety symptoms. Perceived stress is also shown to play a moderating role on the influence of low self-accomplishment on anxiety and depression. Thus, reducing perceived stress levels can help to improve the mental health of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gao
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei-Lei Wang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jie Yang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Zhou
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Vieira MRM, Magalhães TAD, Vieira MM, Prates TEC, Silva RRV, Paula AMBD, Silveira MF, Haikal DS. Interrelationships between dissatisfaction with teaching work and depressive symptoms: Structural equation modelling. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:2075-2086. [PMID: 37436320 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023287.16362022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to evaluate the interrelationships of factors associated with depressive symptoms (DS) in teachers, considering dissatisfaction with the teaching job as a possible mediator. This was a cross-sectional study using data from 700 teachers from the public school system of a Brazilian municipality. The outcome of interest was DS, as assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Direct and indirect interrelationships between the outcome and dissatisfaction with work, age, income, lifestyle and adiposity were tested. These variables composed the operational model tested by structural equation modelling. Older age (β=0.12) and greater dissatisfaction with work (β=0.12) were directly associated with DS. A more favourable lifestyle (β=-0.60) and adiposity (β=-0.10) were associated with a lower occurrence of DS. The variables lifestyle (β=-0.06) and adiposity (β=-0.02) also had negative indirect effects on DS, mediated by job dissatisfaction. The structural equation model tested identified interrelationships that influenced DS. Dissatisfaction with teaching work was associated with DS and mediated the relationship of other factors with such symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Raquel Mendes Vieira
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais (SES-MG). R. Correia Machado 1333, Cidade Santa Maria. 39400-090 Montes Claros MG Brasil.
| | | | - Magda Mendes Vieira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais - Campus Januária. Januária MG Brasil
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Lassri D. Psychological distress among teaching staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: A transdiagnostic perspective on profiles of risk and resilience. TEACHING AND TEACHER EDUCATION 2023; 128:104143. [PMID: 37041992 PMCID: PMC10080283 DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2023.104143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Teaching staff are especially vulnerable to COVID-19-related stress, due to the significant demands they have experienced. Yet, many have shown resilience-good mental health despite stress exposure. The current study used a person-centered approach to identify distinct profiles according to individual differences in psychosocial risk and protective factors. Latent Profile Analysis and ANOVAs were employed among 350 Israeli teaching staff during the fourth wave of COVID-19. Two distinct profiles, "risk" (55%) and "resilience" (45%) were identified. While groups showed no differences in COVID-19-related stress outcomes, they consistently differed in their psychological reaction to COVID-19 (psychopathology, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lassri
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL (University College London), UK
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Santiago ISD, dos Santos EP, da Silva JA, de Sousa Cavalcante Y, Gonçalves Júnior J, de Souza Costa AR, Cândido EL. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Teachers and Its Possible Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1747. [PMID: 36767110 PMCID: PMC9914333 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Objective: The objective was to analyze the development of psychiatric pathologies/burnout syndrome and their possible risk factors in teachers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: A qualitative systematic review was carried out, according to the PRISMA protocol, in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using a combination of the following descriptors [MeSH]: "mental health", "mental disorders'', "covid-19" and "school teachers''. Articles selected were written in English, Portuguese and Spanish, published between November 2019 and December 2022. (3) Results: The most common psychiatric pathologies were generalized anxiety disorders and depression. Burnout syndrome was also quite prevalent. Of the 776 articles identified, 42 were selected after applying the eligibility criteria. Although there is variability among the analyzed studies, the risk factors most correlated with increased morbidity in teachers were: (i) being female; (ii) age below the fifth decade of life; (iii) pre-existence of chronic or psychiatric illnesses before the pandemic; (iv) difficulty in adapting to the distance education model; (v) family/work conflicts; (vi) negative symptoms caused by the pandemic. (4) Conclusions: Therefore, the COVID-19 impact on mental health appears to be more common in female teachers in their fifth decade of life and with pre-existing psychiatric comorbidities. However, prospective studies are needed to better map this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jucier Gonçalves Júnior
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Angélica Rodrigues de Souza Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável (PRODER), Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Juazeiro do Norte 63048-080, Brazil
| | - Estelita Lima Cândido
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Barbalha 60430-160, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável (PRODER), Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Juazeiro do Norte 63048-080, Brazil
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Lv J, Qiu Q, Ye B, Yang Q. The Effects of Cognitive Fusion on Depression in Primary School Principals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Psychological Vulnerability and the Moderating Role of Self-Esteem. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1727-1739. [PMID: 37187780 PMCID: PMC10178906 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s404894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic had triggered a serious crisis that had brought stress and challenges to primary school principals, as well as having a dramatic impact on their mental health. This study explored the relationship between cognitive fusion and depression among primary school principals during COVID-19, as well as the mediating role of psychological vulnerability and the moderation role of self-esteem in this process. Patients and Methods Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), psychological vulnerability scale, and self-esteem scale were used to measure 279 rural primary school principals. The data were analyzed by adopting Pearson's correlations and moderated mediation analysis. Results The results revealed that: (1) There were significant relationships among cognitive fusion, depression, psychological vulnerability and self-esteem. (2) The results showed that psychological vulnerability mediated the link between cognitive fusion and depression. (3) Self-esteem moderated the associations between cognitive fusion and depression, and also moderated the associations between cognitive fusion and psychological vulnerability. The relationship between cognitive fusion and depression was weaker for primary school principals with high levels of self-esteem. In contrast, the relationship between cognitive fusion and psychological vulnerability was stronger for primary school principals with low levels of self-esteem. Conclusion Psychological vulnerability played a mediating role in the relationship between cognitive fusion and depression. Moreover, self-esteem moderated the effect of cognitive fusion on depression, and also the effect of cognitive fusion on psychological vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Lv
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Qiu
- School of Intercultural Studies, Post-Doctoral Research Station of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qing Qiu, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-185-79113027, Email
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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De Laet H, Verhavert Y, De Martelaer K, Zinzen E, Deliens T, Van Hoof E. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on risk of burn-out syndrome and recovery need among secondary school teachers in Flanders: A prospective study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1046435. [PMID: 36579060 PMCID: PMC9792144 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1046435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, schools were closed, teachers had to teach from home and after a while, they had to return to the classroom while the pandemic was still on-going. Even before the pandemic, teachers were already more at risk for burn-out syndrome compared to the general population. Furthermore, not much research pertaining to this population has been carried out during the pandemic and so the impact of the pandemic on teachers' risk of burn-out syndrome and recovery need remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to fill this knowledge gap and map out the impact on risk of burn-out syndrome and recovery need at different time points during the pandemic. Methods and findings At baseline, 2,167 secondary school teachers in Flanders were included in this prospective study. Questionnaire data were obtained at ten different time points between September 2019 and August 2021. To assess risk of burn-out syndrome and its dimensions, the Utrecht Burn-out Scale for Teachers was administered. Need for recovery was assessed using questions adopted from the Short Inventory to Monitor Psychosocial Hazards. The results revealed an initial positive effect of the first lockdown (Mar/Apr 2020) with a decrease in risk of burn-out syndrome [Odds ratio (OR) Jan/Feb 2020-Mar/Apr 2020 = 0.33, p < 0.001], emotional exhaustion (EMM Jan/Feb 2020-Mar/Apr 2020 = -0.51, p < 0.001), depersonalization (EMM Jan/Feb 2020-Mar/Apr 2020 = -0.13, p < 0.001) and recovery need [Estimated marginal mean (EMM) Jan/Feb 2020-Mar/Apr 2020 = -0.79, p < 0.001]. No significant effect on personal accomplishment was found (p = 0.410). However, as the pandemic went on, higher risk of burn-out syndrome, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and recovery need, and lower personal accomplishment were observed. Conclusions Despite the initial positive impact on risk of burn-out syndrome, its dimensions and recovery need, a negative long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic became visible. This study highlights once again the importance for interventions to reduce teachers' risk of burn-out syndrome, especially in such difficult times as a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah De Laet
- Department of Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yanni Verhavert
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium,*Correspondence: Yanni Verhavert
| | - Kristine De Martelaer
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evert Zinzen
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Deliens
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke Van Hoof
- Department of Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Lau SSS, Shum ENY, Man JOT, Cheung ETH, Amoah PA, Leung AYM, Okan O, Dadaczynski K. Teachers' Well-Being and Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hong Kong, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192214661. [PMID: 36429378 PMCID: PMC9691177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
School teachers have faced many challenges due to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and public health-related containment measures. Recent studies have demonstrated high levels of stress and mental health issues among school teachers. To better understand teacher well-being and inform practices to support them in the face of the ongoing pandemic, we aimed to assess perceived stress, well-being and associated factors among school teachers in Hong Kong, China. For this cross-sectional study, we employed a self-reported questionnaire to assess teacher well-being as an indicator of mental health. Drawing on quantitative data obtained from 336 teachers in Hong Kong from April 2021 to February 2022, we assessed workloads, work-related sense of coherence, perceived stress, secondary burnout symptoms (i.e. intensification of work and exhaustion related to work situation), self-endangering work behaviours and satisfaction with work. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the associations between well-being, demographic and work characteristics. A high percentage (87.6%) of teachers had high levels of perceived stress, which was positively associated with extensification of work (r = 0.571, p < 0.01), intensification of work (r = 0.640, p < 0.01) and exhaustion related to work situation (r = 0.554, p < 0.01). A multilinear regression model adjusted for age and gender was computed to detect predictors of teachers' well-being index values (F(12, 296) = 41.405, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.627). A higher WHO-5 score was associated with (1) higher teaching hours (B = 0.235, 95% CI = 0.093, 0.413, p = 0.002); (2) higher work-related sense of coherence (B = 2.490, 95% CI = 0.209, 4.770, p = 0.032); (3) higher work satisfaction (B = 5.410, 95% CI = 2.979, 7.841, p < 0.001); (4) lower level of exhaustion related to work situations (B = -9.677, 95% CI = -12.279, -7.075, p < 0.001); and (5) lower level of psychosomatic complaints (B = -4.167, 95% CI = -6.739, -7.075, p = 0.002). These findings highlight the critical need to allocate more attention and resources to improve the mental health of school teachers in Hong Kong. The findings can also inform the development of psychological and organisational interventions and support mechanisms for teachers during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and in preparation for future stressful scenarios. Safeguarding the well-being and mental health of teachers is important for improving the quality of teaching and learning environments and the mental health of school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam S. S. Lau
- Research Centre for Environment and Human Health, School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Multidisciplinary Research Centre, School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- College of International Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Eric N. Y. Shum
- Research Centre for Environment and Human Health, School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jackie O. T. Man
- Research Centre for Environment and Human Health, School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Multidisciplinary Research Centre, School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ethan T. H. Cheung
- Research Centre for Environment and Human Health, School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Multidisciplinary Research Centre, School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Padmore Adusei Amoah
- School of Graduate Studies, Department of Applied Psychology, Institute of Policy Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Orkan Okan
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin Dadaczynski
- Public Health Centre Fulda, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, 36037 Fulda, Germany
- Center for Applied Health Science, Leuphana University Lueneburg, 21335 Lueneburg, Germany
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Ma K, Liang L, Chutiyami M, Nicoll S, Khaerudin T, Ha XV. COVID-19 pandemic-related anxiety, stress, and depression among teachers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work 2022; 73:3-27. [PMID: 35527618 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As millions of teachers have been forced to rely upon remote teaching due to the closure of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is particularly important to understand the extent to which teacher's psychological wellbeing has been affected by this global health crisis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was twofold: 1) ascertain the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among teachers during the COVID-19 outbreak; 2) identify the associated factors of these psychological wellbeing domains of the teachers. METHODS Academic Search Premier, Eric, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles published from December 2019 and July 2021, using search terms including "COVID-19" "anxiety" "depression" "stress", and "teachers". RESULTS This study included 54 studies synthesising data from 256,896 teachers across 22 countries. The meta-analysis showed higher prevalence of stress (62.6%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 46.1-76.6), compared to anxiety (36.3%, 95% CI: 28.5-44.9) and depression (59.9%, 95% CI: 43.4-74.4) among teachers. Teachers' experiences of these psychological issues were associated with various socio-demographic and institutional factors, including gender, nature of online teaching, job satisfaction, teaching experience, and the volume of workload. Additionally, several protective factors, such as regular exercises and provision of technical support for online teaching, reduced teachers' negative psychological experiences. CONCLUSION There is a need for authorities to formulate educational policies to improve teachers' wellbeing at the time of global crisis. Special attention should be paid to assist female teachers in overcoming physical and mental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ma
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Constructive Laboratory for Big Data of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luyao Liang
- School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Muhammad Chutiyami
- School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,School of Nursing, Institute of Health & Management, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandy Nicoll
- School of Education, Excelsia College, Sydney, Australia
| | - Teguh Khaerudin
- School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Education, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Xuan Van Ha
- Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Foreign Languages, Ha Tinh University, Ha Tinh, Vietnam
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Keim R, Pfitscher G, Leitner S, Burger K, Giacomoni F, Wiedermann C. Teachers’ emotional well-being during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with long school closures: A large-scale cross-sectional survey in Northern Italy. Public Health 2022; 208:1-8. [PMID: 35659680 PMCID: PMC9058056 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of emotional burden on teaching staff during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a significantly impacted region. In addition, the correlates of emotional burden were analysed to enable the design of targeted interventions. Study design This study was a cross-sectional survey. Methods An electronic survey was administered to the teaching staff at public schools and kindergartens in a specific geographical area. Cross-sectional assessments of pandemic-specific variables were performed using the Pandemic Fatigue Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-21, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Resilient Coping Scale. DASS-21 results were compared with results from a parallel survey that was representative of the local general population. Results In total, 3251 teaching staff members participated in the survey. Teachers showed a higher emotional burden for depression, anxiety and stress than the general population during the pandemic. According to a linear regression model, this burden is correlated with the language in which the questionnaires were answered, mistrust towards institutions, specific SARS-CoV-2 anxiety, past infection with SARS-CoV-2, avoidance of information about the pandemic and pandemic fatigue; emotional burden was negatively correlated with measures for life satisfaction, resilience and team atmosphere. Some independent variables were shown to contribute differentially to the variance of depression, anxiety or stress. Conclusions Emotional distress during the pandemic among teachers is higher than in the general population and correlates with variables that could, at least in principle, be targeted for specific interventions.
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Cho IK, Lee J, Kim K, Lee J, Lee S, Yoo S, Suh S, Chung S. Schoolteachers' Resilience Does but Self-Efficacy Does Not Mediate the Influence of Stress and Anxiety Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Depression and Subjective Well-Being. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:756195. [PMID: 34690845 PMCID: PMC8526840 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.756195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, schoolteachers experience stress from addressing students or performing school tasks that may result in burnout. This study aimed to observe whether teachers' stress and anxiety due to the pandemic can influence their depression or psychological well-being and examine whether their resilience or self-efficacy mediates this association. Methods: During March 4-15, 2021, 400 teachers participated and responded voluntarily to an online survey that included the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 items (SAVE-9), the Teacher-Efficacy Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, and the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 items. Results: High psychological well-being of teachers in COVID-19 pandemic era was expected by a low SAVE-9 score (aOR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99), a high level of self-efficacy (aOR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06), and a high BRS score (aOR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10-1.27). Moreover, teachers' resilience mediated the effects of stress and anxiety from the COVID-19 pandemic on their subjective well-being or depression. Conclusions: Schoolteachers' subjective well-being and depression were influenced by high levels of stress and anxiety of the viral epidemic, and their resilience mediated this relationship in this COVID-19 pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inn-Kyu Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyumin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joohee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangha Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sooyeon Suh
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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