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Rehman S, Addas A, Rahman MA, Shahiman MA, Li Z. Sequential mediation analysis of physical activity, healthy diet, BMI, and academic burnout in the Pakistani educational landscape. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7737. [PMID: 38565564 PMCID: PMC10987614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has indicated a negative impact of physical activity on academic burnout among students, however, there is a paucity of evidence about the underlying mechanism of this association in Pakistani students. The present research seeks to investigate the relationship between physical activity and academic burnout by investigating the potential mediating effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and body mass index (BMI). A sample of 596 students using a cross-sectional survey design was gathered from two public universities (Riphah International University and Mohammed Ali Jinnah University) in Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June to July 2022. The study participants were asked to fill out the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, the Learning Burnout Scale, and the Test of Adherence to MD questionnaires. The study employed descriptive, bivariate, and path analysis through regression utilizing the SPSS software version 27. The findings demonstrated a negative correlation between academic burnout and BMI, physical activity, and adherence to the MD. The relationship between physical activity and academic burnout was mediated by BMI. Physical activity and academic burnout were inversely correlated, with adherence to the MD and BMI interacting as sequential mediators. The outcomes of this research have expanded our knowledge of the association between physical activity and academic burnout and have suggested crucial and appropriate strategies for addressing student academic burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Rehman
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Abdullah Addas
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Landscape Architecture Department, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80210, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Anisur Rahman
- Department of Accounting, Data Analytics, Economics and Finance, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ali Shahiman
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Zexuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Royuela-Colomer E, Fernández-González L, Orue I, Calvete E. The Association between exposure to COVID-19, internalizing symptoms, and Dispositional Mindfulness in Adolescents: a longitudinal pre- and during-pandemic study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1521-1533. [PMID: 35426548 PMCID: PMC9010714 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between contact with COVID-19 and internalizing symptoms in Spanish adolescents, and the moderation and mediation roles of dispositional mindfulness. Adolescents (N = 383; 58% female; Mage = 15.62, SD = 1.32) completed measures of dispositional mindfulness (MAAS-A) and internalizing symptoms (DASS-21), other stressors different from COVID-19, and contact with COVID-19 twice, in October 2019 and 2020. Three profiles emerged according to their contact with COVID-19: (1) little/no contact, (2) knowing someone close (outside home) who was infected, hospitalized, or died, and (3) being or someone at home being infected and/or hospitalized. Compared to little/no contact, both contact profiles predicted dispositional mindfulness and anxiety; and profile 2 predicted stress. Dispositional mindfulness mediated the association between both contact profiles and depression and stress. This study suggests that contact with COVID-19 predicts increased internalizing symptoms in adolescents, which could be partially explained by the decrease in mindfulness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Royuela-Colomer
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Liria Fernández-González
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Izaskun Orue
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Esther Calvete
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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3
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Bravo-Sanzana M, Miranda R, Oriol X. Adolescent Victimization during COVID-19 Lockdowns and Its Influence on Mental Health Problems in Seven Countries: The Mediation Effect of Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1958. [PMID: 36767323 PMCID: PMC9915164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the differences between the mean scores of victimization, an indicator of depression, stress, and anxiety (DASS), across seven countries (Australia, Chile, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, and the Russian Federation) during the COVID-19 lockdowns. In addition, this study sought to analyze the mediator role of resilience in these relationships in the different countries. To this end, a structural equation model (SEM) was tested and differences across countries were considered through a multigroup analysis. Data for adolescent students from seven countries (n = 7241) collected by the Global Research Alliance showed that levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among adolescents were different in the countries assessed; all of them presented values above the mean of the indicator, with Chile and Russia having the highest values. Regarding the prevalence of exposure to violence, the mean across all countries studied was 34%, with the highest prevalence in Russia and India. At the global level, an adequate adjustment was observed in the SEM mediation model considering all countries. However, a mediator effect of resilience was only observed in the relationship between victimization and the indicator of DASS in Chile, Indonesia, and Russia. The results are discussed, analyzing the relevance of resilience as a protective factor for mental health during COVID-19 lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Bravo-Sanzana
- Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Rafael Miranda
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Continental, Huancayo 12000, Peru
| | - Xavier Oriol
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
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Zurita-Ortega F, Alonso-Vargas JM, Puertas-Molero P, González-Valero G, Ubago-Jiménez JL, Melguizo-Ibáñez E. Levels of Physical Activity, Family Functioning and Self-Concept in Elementary and High School Education Students: A Structural Equation Model. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:163. [PMID: 36670713 PMCID: PMC9856633 DOI: 10.3390/children10010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the adolescent population there is great concern about low levels of physical activity and low levels of family awareness of the benefits of physical exercise on physical and mental health. This study aims to determine the influence of physical activity levels, family functioning and self-concept in primary and secondary school students, as well as to develop a structural equation model as a function of weekly physical activity time. A descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted on whether students engage in more than three hours of physical activity per week. To collect the data, instruments validated by the scientific community were used, such as the Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve family questionnaire (APGAR) and the self-concept questionnaire form 5. The results show that those students who engage in more than 3 h of physical activity per week have higher levels of family functioning than those who do not meet this sport criterion. In addition, physically active students show higher scores on all dimensions of self-concept than those who practice less than 3 h of physical activity per week. Finally, as a conclusion, it can be affirmed that the amount of physical activity practice brings benefits to student's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Alonso-Vargas
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Emotional State, Life Satisfaction and Worries Regarding COVID-19 in Spanish and Chilean Adolescents during Spring 2020. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2022; 10:144-152. [PMID: 36687262 PMCID: PMC9828208 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The lockdown due to COVID-19, has affected the mental health of the population. Recent literature suggests a greater psychological impact on adolescents regardless of their cultural background. Objective The aim is to analyze the emotional state, life satisfaction and worries about COVID-19 in Chilean and Spanish adolescents. Method A total of 1078 adolescents (M=15.18; SD=1.25) completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the COVID-19 Worry Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale. The design was cross-sectional and descriptive. Descriptive analyses, t-tests, and linear regressions were performed. Results More emotional symptoms, worries and lower life satisfaction were observed in Chile. Girls had more worries and emotional symptoms. An affected psychological state is also observed in Spanish adolescents, especially in Chilean adolescents. Worries about COVID-19 affect depression, anxiety, stress and life satisfaction in both samples. Conclusions Further research is needed to prevent psychological distress in future pandemics. Developing tailored interventions are encouraged.
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Jenholt Nolbris M, Ragnarsson S, Brorsson AL, Garcia de Avila M, Forsner M, Kull I, Olinder AL, Mattson J, Nilsson S, Rullander AC, Rydström LL, Olaya-Contreras P, Berghammer M. Young children's voices in an unlocked Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:693-702. [PMID: 35799462 PMCID: PMC9361420 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221108250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Aims: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Sweden was one of the few countries that
rejected lockdowns in favour of recommendations for restrictions, including
careful hand hygiene and social distancing. Preschools and primary schools
remained open. Several studies have shown negative impacts of the pandemic
on children, particularly high levels of anxiety. The study aim was to
explore how Swedish school-aged children aged 6–14 years, experienced the
COVID-19 pandemic and their perceived anxiety. Methods: In total, 774 children aged 6–14 years and their guardians answered an online
questionnaire containing 24 questions, along with two instruments measuring
anxiety: the Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating
Scale. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used for analysing the
quantitative and qualitative data. Each data source was first analysed
separately, followed by a merged interpretative analysis. Results: The results showed generally low levels of anxiety, with no significant sex
differences. Children who refrained from normal social activities or group
activities (n=377) had significantly higher levels of
anxiety. Most of the children were able to appreciate the bright side of
life, despite the social distancing and refraining from activities, which
prevented them from meeting and hugging their loved ones. Conclusions: These Swedish children generally experienced low levels of anxiety,
except those who refrained from social activities. Life was nonetheless
mostly experienced as normal, largely because schools remained open.
Keeping life as normal as possible could be one important factor in
preventing higher anxiety and depression levels in children during a
pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jenholt Nolbris
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Queen Silivia Children's Hospital Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - S Ragnarsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - A-L Brorsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | - M Forsner
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - I Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
| | - A L Olinder
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
| | - J Mattson
- Department of Health Science, The Swedish Red Cross University College, Sweden.,Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - S Nilsson
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Person-Centred Care, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - L-L Rydström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - P Olaya-Contreras
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Person-Centred Care, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Berghammer
- The Queen Silivia Children's Hospital Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.,Department of Health Sciences, University West, Sweden
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The COVID-19 Pandemic and Adolescents’ Psychological Distress: A Multinational Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148261. [PMID: 35886118 PMCID: PMC9317312 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has continued for more than two years, and the impact of this pandemic on mental health has become one of the most important research topics in psychiatry and psychology. The aim of the present study was to assess psychological distress in adolescents across five countries (Sweden, Morocco, Serbia, Vietnam, and the United States of America) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Using nonparametric analyses we examined the impact of COVID-19 on distress, measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory, in a sample of 4670 adolescents. Results: Our results showed that the association between the COVID-19 impact and psychological distress in adolescents’ lives was positive and moderate in Morocco and Serbia, positive and weak in Vietnam and the United States of America, and negative and weak in Sweden. We also found that female adolescents reported higher distress levels than male adolescents. Conclusions: COVID-19 impacted adolescents and their psychological distress differently depending on their residence.
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Bailhache M, Monnier M, Moulin F, Thierry X, Vandentorren S, Côté SM, Falissard B, Simeon T, Geay B, Marchand L, Dufourg MN, Charles MA, Ancel PY, Melchior M, Rouquette A, Galera C. Emotional and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms of preterm vs. full-term children during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1749-1756. [PMID: 35354927 PMCID: PMC8964926 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm children are at higher risk of developing mental health problems than full-term children. Deterioration of children's mental health was observed during COVID-19 pandemic restrictive measures. Our study compared emotional and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms during school closure between preterm and full-term children. METHODS Data from two French birth cohorts-ELFE and EPIPAGE-2-were used. In 2011, infants born ≥22 weeks' gestation were recruited. Parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire when the children were 9 years old and experiencing school closure. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were used. RESULTS Subjects included 4164 full-term and 1119 preterm children. In univariate analyses, compared to full-term children: extremely and very preterm children more frequently had abnormal and borderline ADHD scores (odds ratio [OR] 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50-2.30, OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08-1.85, respectively) and abnormal emotional scores (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.43-2.40); moderate to late preterm children more often had abnormal ADHD scores (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.78). The associations did not remain when previous symptoms at 5 years old were considered. CONCLUSIONS School closure during lockdown did not appear to increase the risk of mental health problems in preterm compared to full-term children. IMPACT STATEMENT Preterm children are at higher risk of developing mental health problems than full-term children. Deterioration in children's mental health was observed during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. However, whether preterm children were a particularly vulnerable subgroup during school closure is unclear. In univariate analyses, extremely and very preterm children more often had abnormal and borderline ADHD symptoms and abnormal emotional symptom scores than full-term children. The associations did not remain significantly associated when previous symptoms were considered. Preterm compared to full-term children more often suffer from ADHD and emotional symptoms, but school closure during lockdown did not appear to increase this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bailhache
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de pediatrie, Place Amélie Raba Léon, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. .,Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. .,Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Maeva Monnier
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France ,grid.508062.90000 0004 8511 8605Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Flore Moulin
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France ,grid.508062.90000 0004 8511 8605Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Thierry
- grid.77048.3c0000 0001 2286 7412National Institute for Demographic Studies, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- grid.493975.50000 0004 5948 8741Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Sylvana M. Côté
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Departement of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bruno Falissard
- grid.12832.3a0000 0001 2323 0229CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Thierry Simeon
- grid.443947.90000 0000 9751 7639Ined Inserm EFS joint unit ELFE, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Geay
- grid.443947.90000 0000 9751 7639Ined Inserm EFS joint unit ELFE, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Marchand
- grid.507621.7Université de Paris, INSERM, INRAE Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie N. Dufourg
- grid.443947.90000 0000 9751 7639Ined Inserm EFS joint unit ELFE, Paris, France
| | - Marie A. Charles
- grid.443947.90000 0000 9751 7639Ined Inserm EFS joint unit ELFE, Paris, France ,grid.507621.7Université de Paris, INSERM, INRAE Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Y. Ancel
- grid.507621.7Université de Paris, INSERM, INRAE Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Rouquette
- grid.12832.3a0000 0001 2323 0229CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France ,grid.413784.d0000 0001 2181 7253Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cédric Galera
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France ,grid.508062.90000 0004 8511 8605Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France ,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CH Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
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