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Ta Z, Gilles AA, Parsinejad N, Egger MJ, Baron KG. Predicting the Persistence of Insomnia Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Sleep Med 2024; 22:433-445. [PMID: 38148617 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2023.2298377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to evaluate the factors associated with vulnerability and course of insomnia longitudinally in the COVID-19 pandemic and examine differences between: (a) those who never demonstrated clinical insomnia symptoms, (b) those who demonstrated clinically elevated insomnia symptoms at 1 or 2 time points, and (c) those who demonstrated clinically elevated insomnia symptoms at all 3 time points. METHODS Participants (≥18 years old) completed measures of insomnia (ISI), depression (PHQ-8), anxiety (GAD-7), and pre-sleep arousal (PSAS) at 3 time points (baseline, 1 month, and 3 months). Data were analyzed using univariable odds ratios and multivariable multicategory logistic regression to determine demographic, psychological, and behavioral predictors of insomnia persistence. RESULTS A total of 129 participants completed all 3 assessments (70 female, age M = 44 years, SD = 16). We found that 40% (N = 51) never had insomnia symptoms, 33% (N = 42) reported transient insomnia symptoms (1 or 2 time points), and 28% (N = 36) reported persistent insomnia symptoms (all 3 time points). From the multivariable multicategory logistic analyses, pre-sleep arousal, gender, and income were significant predictors of insomnia persistence. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate elevated insomnia symptoms were persistent in a substantial number of individuals throughout the pandemic. Results suggest additional insomnia and psychological interventions are needed to improve sleep and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Ta
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Allyson A Gilles
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Nasim Parsinejad
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Marlene J Egger
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kelly Glazer Baron
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Ashouri A, Yousefi S, Prigerson HG. Psychometric properties of the PG-13-R scale to assess prolonged grief disorder among bereaved Iranian adults. Palliat Support Care 2024; 22:174-181. [PMID: 37052287 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951523000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The PG-13-Revised (PG-13-R) is a self-report measure to assess prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in terms of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth revision, Text Revision. This measure has been shown to yield good psychometric properties in Western samples. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian PG-13-R. METHODS Three hundred forty-seven individuals (209 women and 138 men) fully completed the scales. The participants were recruited using convenience sampling. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent and divergent validity, and reliability of the Persian version of the PG-13-R were evaluated. RESULTS CFA results of a unidimensional model support the construct validity of this version of the PG-13-R. The results of this study demonstrated that this version of the PG-13-R has internal consistency reliability (omega coefficient of 0.93), and the test-retest reliability with an interval of 6 weeks was 0.89. The convergent and divergent validity was shown with significant correlations between the PG-13-R and measures of depression, PTSD, functional impairment, and hope. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS Overall, the Persian version of the PG-13-R showed good psychometric properties in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ashouri
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Holly G Prigerson
- Cornell Center for Research on End-of-Live Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Ordu Y, Yılmaz S. Grief experiences of nurses who lose their first-degree relatives with the diagnosis of COVID-19: A qualitative study. DEATH STUDIES 2023; 48:729-737. [PMID: 37870991 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2272959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The grief experiences of healthcare professionals have both short- and long-term effects. This qualitative study was conducted between December 2022 and January 2023 to examine the grief experiences of nurses who lost their first-degree relatives to COVID-19. In this study, 22 nurses working in hospitals in Turkey were selected through a snowball sampling process. Data were collected with the "Nurse Information Form" and "Semi-Structured Interview Form." Nurses were interviewed individually approximately 30 minutes. Collaizzi's phenomenological analysis and MAXQDA 2020 software were used to analyze the data. A COREQ Statement Checklist was followed in the preparation of this study. The following five themes were identified: (1) Complex and deep feelings, (2) An inevitable end, (3) An innocent death, (4) Secluded funerals and rituals that could not be performed, and (5) Endless mourning. It is recommended to plan methods to protect nurses' psychosocial health and maintain their hopes during the grieving process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadigar Ordu
- Faculty of Nursing, Departman of Nursing, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sakine Yılmaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Midwifery Department, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
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Büssing A, Baumann K. Experience of loss and grief among people from Germany who have lost their relatives during the pandemic: the impact of healthcare professionals' support. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1230198. [PMID: 37655289 PMCID: PMC10467025 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1230198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to public restrictions during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people were unable to visit and bid a proper farewell to their dying loved ones. This study aimed to address the loss-oriented aspects of grief and bereavement of relatives and relate these to the support they may have received from their dying relative's caring professionals. Materials and methods People from Germany who experienced bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic were enrolled in a cross-sectional study between July 2021 and May 2022, using standardized questionnaires (i.e., ICG, Inventory of Complicated Grief; BGL, Burdened by Grief and Loss scale; WHO-5, WHO-Five Wellbeing Index; and 5NRS, perception of burden related to the pandemic). Results Most participants (n = 196) had the opportunity to visit their relatives before death (59%). When this was not possible, being burdened by grief and loss was significantly higher (Eta2 = 0.153), while this had no significant influence on complicated grief or psychological wellbeing. Furthermore, 34% of participants felt well-supported by the treatment/care team. Their own support was moderately correlated with BGL scores (r = -0.38) and marginally with ICG scores (r = -15). Regression analyses showed that complicated grief symptoms as the dependent variable were predicted by (low) psychological wellbeing, relational status, and the perception of COVID-19-related burden (R2 = 0.70). In contrast, BGL as the dependent variable can be best explained by the perception of emotional affections because of restricted visits shortly before their death, by the (short) duration of visits before death, and by the relational status (R2 = 0.53). Although both were interconnected (r = 0.44), their predictor pattern was different. Conclusion Being able to visit dying relatives was important for the mourning and bereavement processes. This emotional aspect was more relevant to the normal, non-pathological grief and loss processes than to complicated grief processes. Support from their dying relatives' treatment/care team was highly relevant to the mourning process, but the visiting relatives often lacked information about additional resources such as psychologists or pastoral care professionals or had limited access to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Büssing
- Professorship Quality of Life, Spirituality and Coping, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Klaus Baumann
- Caritas Science and Christian Social Work, Faculty of Theology, Albert-Ludwig-University, Freiburg, Germany
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Saravanan P, Nisar T, Zhang Q, Masud F, Sasangohar F. Occupational stress and burnout among intensive care unit nurses during the pandemic: A prospective longitudinal study of nurses in COVID and non-COVID units. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1129268. [PMID: 36993929 PMCID: PMC10040835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1129268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are highly prone to occupational stress and burnout, affecting their physical and mental health. The occurrence of the pandemic and related events increased nurses' workload and further exacerbated their stress and burnout. This work investigates occupational stress and burnout experienced by ICU nurses working with COVID and non-COVID patients. Method A prospective longitudinal mixed-methods study was conducted with a cohort of ICU nurses working in medical ICU (COVID unit; n = 14) and cardiovascular ICU (non-COVID unit; n = 5). Each participant was followed for six 12-h shifts. Data on occupational stress and burnout prevalence were collected using validated questionnaires. Physiological indices of stress were collected using wrist-worn wearable technologies. Participants elaborated on the causes of stress experienced each shift by completing open-ended questions. Data were analyzed using statistical and qualitative methods. Results Participants caring for COVID patients at the COVID unit were 3.71 times more likely to experience stress (p < 0.001) in comparison to non-COVID unit participants. No differences in stress levels were found when the same participants worked with COVID and non-COVID patients at different shifts (p = 0.58) at the COVID unit. The cohorts expressed similar contributors to stress, based in communication tasks, patient acuity, clinical procedures, admission processes, proning, labs, and assisting coworkers. Conclusion Nurses in COVID units, irrespective of whether they care for a COVID patient, experience occupational stress and burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Saravanan
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tariq Nisar
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Faisal Masud
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farzan Sasangohar
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Arzamani N, Soraya S, Hadi F, Nooraeen S, Saeidi M. The COVID-19 pandemic and mental health in pregnant women: A review article. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:949239. [PMID: 36203829 PMCID: PMC9531726 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.949239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid spreading of the COVID-19 virus in recent years had a great impact on every single aspect of live and the world faced with unexpected and unpredictable crisis in both physical and mental condition. As with any crisis, vulnerable individuals like pregnant women were the concern of societies. Several physiological and psychological changes occur during pregnancy which put individuals in a risk of mental health problems. During the outbreak of the COVID-19, pregnant women have experienced more psychological stresses, fear, anxiety, and depression. The prenatal mental distresses and psychiatric disorders may cause poor compliance, reduce help-seeking behaviors, and neglect to take the follow up screening visits and risk of harm for mother and others. Addressing the mental health in pregnant women is crucial to prevent the consequences. The purpose of this narrative review was to investigate the available literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in pregnant women and provide some recommendations to improve mental health in them. It also shed some light on providing mental health services for women during pregnancy and can be used by health professionals and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Arzamani
- Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Soraya
- Research Center of Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hadi
- Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Nooraeen
- Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Saeidi
- Research Center of Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jing C, Feng-Hong Z, Yi-Yan W. An investigation of the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder, turnover intention and psychological resilience among medical staff in a public hospital in China during the outbreak of the omicron variant in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:999870. [PMID: 36147988 PMCID: PMC9485436 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.999870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), turnover intention and psychological resilience of medical staff during the Outbreak of the Omicron Variant in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022 and to provide a basis for adopting relevant psychological interventions to reduce medical staff turnover. METHODS Using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and a total score ranging from 17 to 85 points, a total score ≥ 38 indicates significant PTSD symptoms and a diagnosis of PTSD. The Chinese version of the Turnover Intention Scale (TIS) has a total score of 6 to 24 points; the higher the score, the stronger the turnover intention. The Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) has a total score of 0 to 100 points, with higher scores indicating a better level of psychological resilience. A total of 443 front-line medical staff working in Chinese public hospitals and still treating all patients normally during COVID-19 were invited via the internet to complete a survey from 15 May to 30 May 2022 in China. RESULTS The incidence of PTSD was 14.4%, the total turnover intention score was 13.38 ± 4.08, and the total psychological resilience score was 87.16 ± 18.42. The prevalence of PTSD was higher among medical staff who were married, had children, and were worried about being infected; in addition, the PTSD group had a higher level of education, higher turnover intention, and lower psychological resilience than the non-PTSD group. The total scores for turnover intention and fear of being infected were risk factors for PTSD, while a high total psychological resilience score and high education level were protective factors for PTSD; the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese medical personnel was associated with the marital status, childbirth, education level, turnover intention, and psychological resilience. Among these factors, psychological resilience might be exploited as a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Jing
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Feng-Hong
- The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wang Yi-Yan
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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