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Okada N, Yahata N, Koshiyama D, Morita K, Sawada K, Kanata S, Fujikawa S, Sugimoto N, Toriyama R, Masaoka M, Koike S, Araki T, Kano Y, Endo K, Yamasaki S, Ando S, Nishida A, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, Edden RAE, Sawa A, Kasai K. Longitudinal trajectories of anterior cingulate glutamate and subclinical psychotic experiences in early adolescence: the impact of bullying victimization. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:939-950. [PMID: 38182806 PMCID: PMC11176069 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies reported decreased glutamate levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis. However, ACC glutamatergic changes in subjects at high-risk for psychosis, and the effects of commonly experienced environmental emotional/social stressors on glutamatergic function in adolescents remain unclear. In this study, adolescents recruited from the general population underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the pregenual ACC using a 3-Tesla scanner. We explored longitudinal data on the association of combined glutamate-glutamine (Glx) levels, measured by MRS, with subclinical psychotic experiences. Moreover, we investigated associations of bullying victimization, a risk factor for subclinical psychotic experiences, and help-seeking intentions, a coping strategy against stressors including bullying victimization, with Glx levels. Finally, path analyses were conducted to explore multivariate associations. For a contrast analysis, gamma-aminobutyric acid plus macromolecule (GABA+) levels were also analyzed. Negative associations were found between Glx levels and subclinical psychotic experiences at both Times 1 (n = 219, mean age 11.5 y) and 2 (n = 211, mean age 13.6 y), as well as for over-time changes (n = 157, mean interval 2.0 y). Moreover, effects of bullying victimization and bullying victimization × help-seeking intention interaction effects on Glx levels were found (n = 156). Specifically, bullying victimization decreased Glx levels, whereas help-seeking intention increased Glx levels only in bullied adolescents. Finally, associations among bullying victimization, help-seeking intention, Glx levels, and subclinical psychotic experiences were revealed. GABA+ analysis revealed no significant results. This is the first adolescent study to reveal longitudinal trajectories of the association between glutamatergic function and subclinical psychotic experiences and to elucidate the effect of commonly experienced environmental emotional/social stressors on glutamatergic function. Our findings may deepen the understanding of how environmental emotional/social stressors induce impaired glutamatergic neurotransmission that could be the underpinning of liability for psychotic experiences in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Yahata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kingo Sawada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Center for Research on Counseling and Support Services, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sho Kanata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Noriko Sugimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Rie Toriyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mio Masaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- The University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Futago 5-1-1, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-8507, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kano
- Department Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kaori Endo
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Biomedical Engineering, Genetic Medicine, and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Mihaljevic M, Nagpal A, Etyemez S, Narita Z, Ross A, Schaub R, Cascella NG, Coughlin JM, Nestadt G, Nucifora FC, Sedlak TW, Calhoun VD, Faria AV, Yang K, Sawa A. Neuroimaging alterations and relapse in early-stage psychosis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2024; 49:E135-E142. [PMID: 38569725 PMCID: PMC10980532 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have indicated that symptom exacerbation after a period of improvement, referred to as relapse, in early-stage psychosis could result in brain changes and poor disease outcomes. We hypothesized that substantial neuroimaging alterations may exist among patients who experience relapse in early-stage psychosis. METHODS We studied patients with psychosis within 2 years after the first psychotic event and healthy controls. We divided patients into 2 groups, namely those who did not experience relapse between disease onset and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan (no-relapse group) and those who did experience relapse between these 2 timings (relapse group). We analyzed 3003 functional connectivity estimates between 78 regions of interest (ROIs) derived from resting-state functional MRI data by adjusting for demographic and clinical confounding factors. RESULTS We studied 85 patients, incuding 54 in the relapse group and 31 in the no-relapse group, along with 94 healthy controls. We observed significant differences in 47 functional connectivity estimates between the relapse and control groups after multiple comparison corrections, whereas no differences were found between the no-relapse and control groups. Most of these pathological signatures (64%) involved the thalamus. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test indicated that all 47 functional connectivity changes had a significant cross-group progression from controls to patients in the no-relapse group to patients in the relapse group. LIMITATIONS Longitudinal studies are needed to further validate the involvement and pathological importance of the thalamus in relapse. CONCLUSION We observed pathological differences in neuronal connectivity associated with relapse in early-stage psychosis, which are more specifically associated with the thalamus. Our study implies the importance of considering neurobiological mechanisms associated with relapse in the trajectory of psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mihaljevic
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Anisha Nagpal
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Semra Etyemez
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Zui Narita
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Anna Ross
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Rebecca Schaub
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Nicola G Cascella
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Jennifer M Coughlin
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Frederik C Nucifora
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Thomas W Sedlak
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Andreia V Faria
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Kun Yang
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry (Mihaljevic, Nagpal, Etyemez, Narita, Ross, Schaub, Cascella, Coughlin, Nestadt, Nucifora, Sedlak, Yang, Sawa), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (Faria), Neuroscience (Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Sawa), Phamarchology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. (Sawa); Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. (Calhoun)
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Ding Y, Tian Q, Hou W, Chen Z, Mao Z, Bo Q, Dong F, Wang C. Core of sensory gating deficits in first-episode schizophrenia: attention dysfunction. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1160715. [PMID: 37181885 PMCID: PMC10169682 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1160715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sensory gating deficits are a common feature of schizophrenia and may be indicative of higher-order psychopathological impairments. It has been proposed that incorporating subjective attention components into prepulse inhibition (PPI) measures may improve the accuracy of assessing these deficits. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between modified PPI and cognitive function, with a specific focus on subjective attention, to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of sensory processing deficits in schizophrenia. Methods Fifty-four unmedicated first-episode schizophrenia (UMFE) patients and 53 healthy controls participated in this study. The modified Prepulse Inhibition paradigm, including Perceived Spatial Separation PPI (PSSPPI) and Perceived Spatial Colocation PPI (PSCPPI), was used to evaluate sensorimotor gating deficits. Cognitive function was assessed in all participants using the Chinese version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Suite Test (MCCB). Results UMFE patients had lower MCCB scores and deficient PSSPPI scores than healthy controls. PSSPPI was negatively correlated with total PANSS scores and positively correlated with the speed of processing, attention/ vigilance, and social cognition. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the PSSPPI at 60 ms had a significant effect on attentional/ vigilance and social cognition, even after controlling for gender, age, years of education, and smoking. Conclusion The study revealed notable impairments in sensory gating and cognitive function in UMFE patients, best reflected by the PSSPPI measure. Specifically, PSSPPI at 60 ms was significantly associated with both clinical symptoms and cognitive performance, suggesting that PSSPPI at 60 ms may capture psychopathological symptoms related to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, The Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenpeng Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qijing Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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