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Tarriño-Concejero L, Cerejo D, Guerra-Martín MD, Praena-Fernández JM. Validity and Reliability of the Portuguese Version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale of 10 Elements for Young University Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:400. [PMID: 38338285 PMCID: PMC10855848 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience is an important aspect of mental health in young people, which has become more relevant after the COVID-19 pandemic. It is therefore of paramount importance to have valid and reliable instruments that measure the globality of this aspect. One of the instruments that has been shown to have good psychometric properties and which has been widely adapted in several languages is the Connor-Davidson resilience scale, composed of 10 elements (10-item CD-RISC). AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of the 10-item CD-RISC among young university students. METHODS a cross-sectional observational study of psychometric validation was conducted with a sample of 206 university students. RESULTS Good and adequate fit indices were obtained for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA): Standardized Root-Mean-Square Residual [SRMR] = 0. 056; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.958; and the Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.946. It also showed an average degree of convergent validity with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the General Health Scale (SF-36), and its internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.842) with a range of factor loadings between 0.42 and 0.77. CONCLUSIONS the results show that the 10-item CD-RISC is a valid, reliable scale to measure resilience among young Portuguese university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Tarriño-Concejero
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Dalila Cerejo
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities (NOVA FCSH), Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences (CICS.NOVA), Nova University Lisbon (NOVA), 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María Dolores Guerra-Martín
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), 41013 Seville, Spain
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Cooley C, Pickner W, Widome R, Jennings D, Stately A, Cole AB, Cash J, Dorr C, Hernadez C, Hatsukami D, Businelle M, Carroll DM. American Indian Perspectives on Culturally Aligning a Digital Smoking Cessation Resource. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:39-45. [PMID: 37535663 PMCID: PMC10734387 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Innovative smoking cessation approaches that overcome barriers such as traveling to program site or that require the staff and infrastructure for sustaining are likely needed to improve smoking quit rates among American Indian (AI) peoples in the United States. In this study, qualitative methods identified recommendations from AI peoples to guide alignment of an evidence-based smoking cessation smartphone app (i.e., QuitGuide) to the culture and needs of AI persons. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with AI adults who smoke (n = 40) and with public health professionals (n = 6). Questions included: "The app asks if something triggered you to slip and lists several options. What options were you expecting to see on this list?" as well as how to make the app more engaging such as "What would make the app more helpful for AI peoples, like you, who want to quit smoking?." Constant comparative techniques were used to develop codes and themes. RESULTS Loss, grief, and not accessing traditional tobacco were put forward as smoking triggers to be addressed in the app. Features that help users connect with and learn about AI cultures and promote healing, such as encouraging traditional tobacco use, being in community, embracing Native spirituality, and participating in cultural crafting were recommended. Some noted the need to motivate AI peoples to think about legacy and ability to care for younger generations and Indigenizing the app with Native imagery. CONCLUSIONS Themes pointed towards promotion of strengths-based factors, such as healing, cultural connectedness and traditional tobacco use, in the app. IMPLICATIONS Results will be used to culturally align a smartphone app for smoking cessation among AI peoples and may be insightful for other tribal, federal, and state public health efforts aimed at advancing health equity for AI peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wyatt Pickner
- American Indian Cancer Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel Widome
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dylan Jennings
- Sigurd Olsen Environmental Institute, Northland College, Ashland, WI, USA
| | | | - Ashley B Cole
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Casey Dorr
- Department of Nephrology, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute; University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carol Hernadez
- Minnesota Cancer Clinical Trials Network, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dorothy Hatsukami
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Businelle
- Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dana Mowls Carroll
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Saunders V, McCalman J, Tsey S, Askew D, Campbell S, Jongen C, Angelo C, Spurling G, Cadet-James Y. Counting what counts: a systematic scoping review of instruments used in primary healthcare services to measure the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2023; 24:51. [PMID: 36803458 PMCID: PMC9936129 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary healthcare services have principal responsibility for providing child and youth wellbeing and mental health services, but have lacked appropriate measurement instruments to assess the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth or to evaluate the effectiveness of programs and services designed to meet their needs. This review assesses the availability and characteristics of measurement instruments that have been applied in primary healthcare services in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States (CANZUS countries) to assess the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth. METHODS Fifteen databases and 12 websites were searched in December 2017 and again in October 2021. Pre-defined search terms pertained to Indigenous children and youth, CANZUS country names, and wellbeing or mental health measures. PRISMA guidelines were followed, with eligibility criteria guiding screening of titles and abstracts, and selected full-text papers. Results are presented based on the characteristics of documented measurement instruments assessed according to five desirability criteria: development for Indigenous youth populations, adherence to relational strength-based constructs, administration by child and or youth self-report, reliability and validity, and usefulness for identifying wellbeing or risk levels. RESULTS Twenty-one publications were found that described the development and or use by primary healthcare services of 14 measurement instruments, employed across 30 applications. Four of the 14 measurement instruments were developed specifically for Indigenous youth populations, four focused solely on strength-based wellbeing concepts but none included all Indigenous wellbeing domains. CONCLUSION There is a diversity of measurement instruments available, but few fit our desirability criteria. Although it is possible that we missed relevant papers and reports, this review clearly supports the need for further research to develop, refine or adapt instruments cross-culturally to measure the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Saunders
- Jawun Research Centre, Central Queensland University, Cnr Shields and Aplin St, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia.
| | - Janya McCalman
- grid.1023.00000 0001 2193 0854Jawun Research Centre, Central Queensland University, Cnr Shields and Aplin St, Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia
| | - Sena Tsey
- grid.1023.00000 0001 2193 0854Jawun Research Centre, Central Queensland University, Cnr Shields and Aplin St, Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia
| | - Deborah Askew
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537General Practice Clinical Unit and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Level 2, Public Health Building, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Sandy Campbell
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XMolly Wardaguga Research Centre, Charles Darwin University, Level 11, 410 Ann St, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Crystal Jongen
- grid.1023.00000 0001 2193 0854Jawun Research Centre, Central Queensland University, Cnr Shields and Aplin St, Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia
| | - Candace Angelo
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Public Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building, Fisher Road, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Geoff Spurling
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537General Practice Clinical Unit and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Level 2, Public Health Building, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Yvonne Cadet-James
- Yvonne Cadet-James, Apunipima Cape York Health Council, 186 McCoombe St, Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia
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Cockroft JD, Rabin J, Yockey RA, Toledo I, Fain S, Jacquez F, Vaughn LM, Stryker SD. Psychometric Properties of Scales Measuring Resilience in U.S. Latinx Populations: A Systematic Review. Health Equity 2023; 7:148-160. [PMID: 36895705 PMCID: PMC9989511 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2022.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Instruments used to measure resilience have typically been developed in European or Anglosphere countries and emphasize personal factors of resilience. In addition to being a quickly growing ethnic minority group in the United States, Latinx individuals face unique stressors and protective factors that may contribute to resilience. This review sought to determine the extent to which instruments measuring resilience have been validated in U.S. Latinx populations and what domains of resilience those scales capture. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards and included studies describing psychometric properties of resilience scales for Latinx individuals living in the United States. Articles were assessed for quality of psychometric validation; scales used in the final studies were assessed for representation of domains of the social ecological resilience model. Results Nine studies were included in the final review examining eight separate resilience measures. The populations of these studies were heterogeneous geographically and demographically; more than half the studies only included Latinx populations as a subgroup. The breadth and quality of psychometric validation were variable across studies. The domains represented by the scales in the review most heavily assessed individual domains of resilience. Conclusion The literature to date on psychometric validation of resilience measures in Latinx populations in the United States is limited and does not robustly capture aspects of resilience that may be particularly meaningful for Latinx populations, such as community or cultural factors. Instruments that are developed with and for Latinx populations are necessary to better understand and measure resilience in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Cockroft
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Julia Rabin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - R Andrew Yockey
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Isabella Toledo
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan Fain
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Farrah Jacquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa M Vaughn
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,School of Education, University of Cincinnati College of Criminal Justice, Education, and Human Services, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shanna D Stryker
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Heid O, Khalid M, Smith H, Kim K, Smith S, Wekerle C, Bomberry T, Hill LD, General DA, Green TJ, Harris C, Jacobs B, Jacobs N, Kim K, Horse ML, Martin-Hill D, McQueen KCD, Miller TF, Noronha N, Smith S, Thomasen K, Wekerle C. Indigenous Youth and Resilience in Canada and the USA: a Scoping Review. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2022; 3:113-147. [PMID: 35733443 PMCID: PMC9206629 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Relative to non-Indigenous youth, Indigenous youth have been under-represented when studying pathways to mental wellness. Yet, a broad range of adversity is acknowledged, from intergenerational and ongoing trauma arising from colonial policies. This scoping review explores resilience definitions, measures, key stressors, and what Indigenous youth identify as pathways to their wellness, based on quantitative and qualitative peer-reviewed literature in Canada and the Continental United States. Eight databases (EBSCO, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Social Science Citation Index, Web of Science, PsycARTICLES, and EMBASE) and hand searches of 7 relevant journals were conducted to ensure literature coverage. Two independent reviewers screened each article, with one Indigenous screener per article. The final scoping review analysis included 44 articles. In articles, no Indigenous term for resilience was found, but related concepts were identified (“walking a good path,” “good mind,” Grandfathers’ teachings on 7 values, decision-making for 7 generations into the future, etc.). Few Indigenous-specific measures of resilience exist, with studies relying on Western measures of psychological resilience. Qualitative approaches supporting youth-led resilience definitions yielded important insights. Youth stressors included the following: substance use, family instability, and loss of cultural identity. Youth resilience strategies included the following: having a future orientation, cultural pride, learning from the natural world, and interacting with community members (e.g., relationship with Elders, being in community and on the land). Indigenous traditional knowledge and cultural continuity serve as prominent pathways to Indigenous youth resilience. More research is needed to yield a holistic, youth-centered measure of resilience that includes traditional practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Heid
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Marria Khalid
- Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario Canada
| | - Hailey Smith
- Social Work, School of Social Work, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Katherine Kim
- Pediatrics, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Savannah Smith
- Pediatrics, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Christine Wekerle
- Pediatrics, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
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First JM, Ellis K, Held ML, Glass F. Identifying Risk and Resilience Factors Impacting Mental Health among Black and Latinx Adults following Nocturnal Tornadoes in the U.S. Southeast. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168609. [PMID: 34444358 PMCID: PMC8394662 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has found that Black and Latinx communities in the U.S. face significant disparities that impact both preparedness for severe weather events and the support received after a disaster has occurred. In the current study, we examined key risk and protective factors that impacted mental health among 221 Black and Latinx adult respondents exposed to the 2–3 March 2020 nocturnal tornado outbreak in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Key factors that adversely affected mental health among participants were encountering barriers for receiving tornado warning alerts and tornado-related exposure. Key factors that served a protective mechanism against adverse mental health included having access to physical resources, supportive relationships, and adaptive coping skills. These findings may assist National Weather Service (NWS) personnel, emergency managers, and mental health providers with the development of policies and practices to address barriers and promote protective strategies for future nocturnal tornado events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. First
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.L.H.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kelsey Ellis
- Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Mary Lehman Held
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.L.H.); (F.G.)
| | - Florence Glass
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.L.H.); (F.G.)
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Usher K, Jackson D, Walker R, Durkin J, Smallwood R, Robinson M, Sampson UN, Adams I, Porter C, Marriott R. Indigenous Resilience in Australia: A Scoping Review Using a Reflective Decolonizing Collective Dialogue. Front Public Health 2021; 9:630601. [PMID: 33869128 PMCID: PMC8044395 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.630601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary definitions and understandings of resilience refer to an individual's positive adaptation to the experience of adversity. One of the challenges of this extant body of work is that the central concept of resilience is rarely questioned. Current understandings of these concepts, largely framed in Western understandings, are unquestioningly accepted, reframed for, yet not by, Indigenous peoples, and then are unchallenged when imposed on Indigenous peoples. A scoping review was conducted and reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The review involved the participation of local Aboriginal Research Cultural Advisory Groups who participated and approved the analysis of the findings and collaborated on the design and writing of the paper. Eight publications drew on Aboriginal constructs of resilience in examining the effectiveness of programs, processes, and practices to promote individual and/or collective resilience and well-being. Most studies emphasized the need for strategies to strengthen individual or community connection to culture to foster resilience. Six studies used culturally validated strength-based tools to measure resilience, while two relied on Western constructs. This review reveals both the distinctive colonial characteristics of adversity experienced by Aboriginal people and the range of coping strategies and protective resources that support the development of resilience within different Aboriginal communities in diverse research sites across Australia. Importantly, many studies confirm adversity is linked to the enduring legacies of colonization, continuous and cumulative transgenerational grief and loss, structural inequities, racism, and discrimination. These external factors of adversity are unique to Aboriginal populations, as are the protective factors that entail strengthening connection to culture (including language reclamation), community, ancestry and land (including management and economic development) which contribute to individual and collective resilience. These findings suggest that Aboriginal community resilience is strengthened through the collective experience of adversity, such as transgenerational grief and loss, and the resulting support structures and shared resources that are developed and maintained through cultural practices to strengthen the bonds and mutual reciprocity to participate in transformative strategies to address adversity. This review highlights that strategies such as building on community strengths, capacities, and resources is critical when strengthening resilience within Indigenous communities across Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Usher
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.,Ngangk Yira Research Centre for Aboriginal Health and Social Equity, Faculty of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Debra Jackson
- Ngangk Yira Research Centre for Aboriginal Health and Social Equity, Faculty of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Susan Wakil School of Nursing University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roz Walker
- Ngangk Yira Research Centre for Aboriginal Health and Social Equity, Faculty of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Indigenous Studies, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joanne Durkin
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Reakeeta Smallwood
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie Robinson
- Ngangk Yira Research Centre for Aboriginal Health and Social Equity, Faculty of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Western Australian, Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Isabelle Adams
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Cheryl Porter
- New South Wales Department of Health, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rhonda Marriott
- Ngangk Yira Research Centre for Aboriginal Health and Social Equity, Faculty of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Girls suffer: the prevalence and predicting factors of emotional problems among adolescents during upper secondary school in Norway. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-021-09626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis longitudinal, quantitative survey examined factors predicting 1077 Norwegian adolescents` emotional problems during Upper Secondary School (grades I–III, approximately 16–19 years old) considering the following research question: “To what extent do students in Upper Secondary School experience emotional problems, and how are these problems predicted by gender, academic/social self-concept, coping beliefs, appearance pressure and school stress?”. The mentioned variables were scrutinized through analysis of frequencies, zero order correlations and structural equation modeling. Results verified previous findings that there was an increase in emotional problems for adolescents, especially among girls. Furthermore, the study results indicate that coping beliefs is a crucial factor when it comes to the perception of pressure and stress, and the subsequent development of emotional health problems.
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Abstract
Adolescents with thalassemia often manifest with an increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems, as well as poor quality of life. However, some can be well-adapted and demonstrate evidence of resilience. This study aimed to explore resilience among those with thalassemia and determine the protective factors for their resilience. Sixty adolescents with thalassemia and 60 healthy adolescents as a comparison group participated in the study. Most adolescents with thalassemia demonstrated resilience. Eighty percent of them scored in the low-risk range of the SDQ total difficulties scale, and 91.7% scored in the low-risk range of the SDQ prosocial scale. The mean total difficulties scores of the thalassemia patients and the healthy controls were 11.38 and 11.27 respectively, whereas the mean prosocial scores were 7.28 and 6.65, without statistical significance. Despite the extensive demands of the illness, most adolescents with thalassemia appear to be adapted well, demonstrating evidence of resilience. Factors promoting resilience are lower BMI, less severe type of thalassemia, and younger age at the start of an iron chelator. Health care professionals who take care of adolescents with thalassemia should collaborate to improve their resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaporn Kaewkong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nonglak Boonchooduang
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimlak Charoenkwan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Orawan Louthrenoo
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Robinson GW, Lee E, Silburn SR, Nagel P, Leckning B, Midford R. School-Based Prevention in Very Remote Settings: A Feasibility Trial of Methods and Measures for the Evaluation of a Social Emotional Learning Program for Indigenous Students in Remote Northern Australia. Front Public Health 2020; 8:552878. [PMID: 33282808 PMCID: PMC7706087 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.552878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Skills for Life (SFL) is a social-emotional curriculum for Indigenous middle school students that was co-developed with educators and community members in a remote community of northern Australia. This preliminary study aimed to test the feasibility of processes and methods of data-gathering, the reliability of youth self-report measures, and to identify the direction of effects for an evaluation of a longer-term pilot of the curriculum. Design/Methodology/Approach: Indigenous Students in years 7–9 of a remote school participated in SFL over 2 years. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Kessler 6 (K6), and a purpose-designed Connected Self Scale (CSS) were administered to 63 students pre- and post-program. Findings: Only the K6, Prosocial behavior (SDQ), and two CSS subscales showed sufficient internal consistency for analysis. Change was positive but non-significant for SDQ and CSS. There was evidence of a dosage effect: students receiving the intervention over 2 years showed greater reduction in psychological distress than other students. There was no evidence of iatrogenic effects. Conclusions: The feasibility pilot is a critically important phase in the development of evaluation design and cjhoice of evaluation measures for challenging remote settings. This study found that evaluation of SFL with culturally and linguistically distinct Indigenous middle school students using self-report measures is feasible. However, the SDQ may not be suitable for this project. High levels of psychological distress suggest the need to investigate sources of life stress and potential supports for adolescent resilience in this context. This preliminary pilot aimed to trial methods and measures for evaluation of a social-emotional curriculum developed specifically for remote Australian Indigenous students who are at risk of poor psychosocial outcomes. No studies have examined the appropriateness of standardized self-report measures for evaluation of SEL with this student population in remote school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eunro Lee
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sven Robert Silburn
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Patricia Nagel
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Bernard Leckning
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Richard Midford
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Jongen CS, McCalman J, Bainbridge RG. A Systematic Scoping Review of the Resilience Intervention Literature for Indigenous Adolescents in CANZUS Nations. Front Public Health 2020; 7:351. [PMID: 31998674 PMCID: PMC6967740 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The concept of resilience offers a strengths-based framework for interventions to enhance Indigenous adolescent social and emotional well-being. Resilience interventions in or with schools encompass individual, social, and environmental factors that encourage health-promoting behaviors and assist adolescents in navigating toward resources that can sustain their health and well-being in times of adversity. This scoping review examined the literature on resilience-enhancing interventions for Indigenous adolescent students in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States (CANZUS nations). Intervention strategies, adherence to theoretical constructs, and outcomes were analyzed. Methods: A systematic search was conducted of intervention studies aimed at improving Indigenous adolescent resilience and published in CANZUS nations between January 1990 and May 2016. Eleven peer-reviewed databases and 11 websites and clearing houses were searched for relevant studies. Following double-blinded screening, a total of 16 intervention papers were included for analysis. Study characteristics were identified and study quality was assessed using appropriate assessment tools. Results: Twelve interventions (75%) were delivered in school settings and four (25%) were community-based, conducted in partnership with schools. Seven publications (44%) reported interventions focused exclusively on fostering individual resilience. Another seven (44%) included components that aimed to build staff, school, and/or community capacity to support adolescent resilience, and two (12.5%) had community/school capacity-building as the primary focus. Culturally based approaches to enhancing resilience were evident in most studies (81%). The publications documented the use of a range of program models, processes, and activities aligned with resilience theory. Positive outcomes were reported for improved individual assets (e.g., strengthened self-esteem and Indigenous identity), environmental resources (e.g., increased peer support and social/community connection), and increased community capacity (e.g., increased youth training and leadership opportunities). On average, study quality was assessed as moderate to high. The strongest evidence of intervention effectiveness was for improvements in mental health symptoms and outcomes. Conclusion: Interventions indicated strong alignment with ecological and culturally based resilience theories and models. While the results of the studies indicate some positive impacts on the resilience of Indigenous adolescents, future evaluations should aim to ensure high study quality and focus on measuring strengths-based resilience outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sky Jongen
- Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, School of Health, Medicine and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Janya McCalman
- Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, School of Health, Medicine and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Roxanne Gwendolyn Bainbridge
- Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, School of Health, Medicine and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
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