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Kalu K, Shah G, Tung HJ, Bland HW. Social and Structural Determinants of Health Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Older Adults in the United States. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:521. [PMID: 38793773 PMCID: PMC11125749 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
State-level COVID-19 vaccination rates among older adults have been uneven in the United States. Due to the immunocompromised nature of older adults, vaccine hesitancy increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the association between the social determinants of health, the structural determinants of health, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among older adults in the United States. Secondary data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) dataset were used. A descriptive analysis and multinomial multivariable logistic regression were performed to examine the association of the independent variables-gender, age, race, immigration status, marital status, broadband internet access, social security income, Medicare coverage, education, and frequency of religious service-with the dependent variable, vaccine hesitancy. Compared to the respondents with no vaccine hesitancy and without the specific predictor, the respondents who reported religious attendance at least once/week were more likely to be "somewhat hesitant", divorced respondents had higher odds of being "somewhat hesitant", and older adults aged 65-74 years were more likely to be "very hesitant" or "somewhat hesitant" about the COVID-19 vaccine. Compared to the respondents with no vaccine hesitancy and without the specific predictor, females had higher odds of being "very hesitant", "somewhat hesitant", or a "little hesitant", and African Americans were more likely to be "very hesitant", "somewhat hesitant", or a "little hesitant" about the COVID-19 vaccine. Addressing these factors may limit the barriers to vaccine uptake reported among older adults and improve herd immunity among the immunocompromised population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulzar Shah
- Jian-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA; (K.K.); (H.-J.T.); (H.W.B.)
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Tran MH. COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in Australia: a public health issue. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1282986. [PMID: 38304179 PMCID: PMC10830812 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1282986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Hoang Tran
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Mark-Carew M, van Zyl A, Tatti KM, Chong M, Rose C, Sifre K, Jarris D, Still W, Aynalem G, Welton M, Thomas ES, Hall L, Samson ME. Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among K-12 Staff, Parents, and Students: District of Columbia, February to April, 2022. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:1079-1090. [PMID: 37602945 PMCID: PMC10833106 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines, millions of Americans have not received the recommended vaccine doses. In the District of Columbia (DC), COVID-19 vaccination rates are lowest among residents who are Non-Hispanic (NH) Black and among school-aged children. We assessed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among staff and parents of students in DC K-12 public and public charter schools. METHODS We conducted a telephone-based survey from February 6 to April 16, 2022 to staff, students, and parents of students who participated in school-based COVID-19 screening testing. COVID-19-related survey items included: vaccination status, reasons for not getting vaccinated, perceived vaccine access, and trusted COVID-19 information sources. Utilizing time-to-event analyses, we evaluated differences across demographic groups. RESULTS The interview response rate was 25.8% (308/1193). Most unvaccinated participants were NH Black and ages 5 to 11 years. Median time from vaccine eligibility to uptake was 236 days for NH Black participants vs. 10 days for NH White participants. Vaccine safety was the top concern among unvaccinated participants. Government and healthcare providers were the most trusted COVID-19 information sources. CONCLUSIONS Differences in timing of vaccine uptake among respondents and greater vaccine hesitancy among NH Black participants compared to other racial/ethnic groups highlight a need for continued tailored outreach and communication using trusted sources to convey the importance, benefits, and safety of COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguella Mark-Carew
- Global Government Solutions (G2S) Corporation, 12500 San Pedro Ave, Suite 403 San Antonio, TX 78216
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - André van Zyl
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Kathleen M. Tatti
- Global Government Solutions (G2S) Corporation, 12500 San Pedro Ave, Suite 403 San Antonio, TX 78216
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Muhling Chong
- Global Government Solutions (G2S) Corporation, 12500 San Pedro Ave, Suite 403 San Antonio, TX 78216
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Charles Rose
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Katlynn Sifre
- Global Government Solutions (G2S) Corporation, 12500 San Pedro Ave, Suite 403 San Antonio, TX 78216
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Daniel Jarris
- District of Columbia Department of Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Will Still
- District of Columbia Department of Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Getahun Aynalem
- Global Government Solutions (G2S) Corporation, 12500 San Pedro Ave, Suite 403 San Antonio, TX 78216
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Michael Welton
- Global Government Solutions (G2S) Corporation, 12500 San Pedro Ave, Suite 403 San Antonio, TX 78216
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Ebony S. Thomas
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - LaShonda Hall
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Marsha E. Samson
- District of Columbia Department of Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Dinesh RJ, Dhanalakshmi R, Jency PJ, Srividya A, Vijayakumar B, Kumar A. Factors for hesitancy towards vaccination against COVID-19 among the adult population in Puducherry, India - a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2217. [PMID: 37950181 PMCID: PMC10636884 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy is a complex phenomenon that threatens global health. Present-day communication technology has paved the way for self-education but also contributed to the infodemic surrounding vaccination. This has resulted in pockets of people who are reluctant, refuse recommended vaccinations, or choose to delay being vaccinated. The present study was designed to estimate the magnitude of hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccination and determine its associated factors in the community. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 776 adults aged ≥ 18 years in 15 clusters in Puducherry district, India, between March 2022 and May 2022. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a validated, structured questionnaire. Socio-demographic variables, co-morbidities, attitudes towards vaccination, etc., were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Vaccine hesitancy was dichotomized with the median score as the cut-off and reported as a proportion with a 95% confidence interval. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to determine the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 43.3 ± 14.8 years, with the majority being female (67.0%). Nearly 92.4%, 74.4%, and 0.5% of participants received their first, second, and precautionary doses, respectively, during the study period. Among the unvaccinated, 93.2% were unwilling to receive any dose of vaccination. More than half of the participants were hesitant towards vaccination, according to the vaccine hesitancy scale. Participants aged above 45 years were less hesitant, while those educated up to school level, belonging to the upper socio-economic class, never tested for COVID-19 in the past, and having a negative attitude towards vaccination were significantly associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative to address vaccine hesitancy by alleviating existing fears and misconceptions in the community through efficient communication strategies to win the fight against current as well as future public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Jeyapal Dinesh
- Unit of Epidemiology & Operational Research, ICMR-VCRC, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605 006, India.
| | - Rajendran Dhanalakshmi
- Unit of Epidemiology & Operational Research, ICMR-VCRC, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605 006, India
| | - Priskilla Johnson Jency
- Unit of Epidemiology & Operational Research, ICMR-VCRC, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605 006, India
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Alarifi AM, Alshahrani NZ, Sah R. Are Saudi Healthcare Workers Willing to Receive the Monkeypox Virus Vaccine? Evidence from a Descriptive-Baseline Survey. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:396. [PMID: 37624334 PMCID: PMC10459197 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Saudi Arabia has already confirmed multiple monkeypox (Mpox) cases, it is essential to initiate timely preventive measures, including the implementation of vaccines. In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was conducted among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia to understand their willingness to receive the Mpox vaccine. A structured questionnaire was used to gather the data. The study comprised 734 samples. Our study found that among study participants, 52.7% were willing to receive the Mpox vaccine and showed that sociodemographic factors were not significantly associated with vaccine willingness. Previous vaccination history (such as influenza and COVID-19) was significantly associated with Mpox vaccine willingness. The respondents reported that the main reasons for receiving the Mpox vaccine were their trust in the Saudi Health Ministry (57.7%) and their understanding that the vaccine was a social responsibility (44.6%). Furthermore, the majority of the respondents (74.7%) reported that they were motivated by the need to protect themselves, their family and their friends. Insufficient vaccine information and fear of unknown adverse reactions were the most reported reasons for an unwillingness to receive the Mpox vaccine. In conclusion, increasing Mpox vaccine-related awareness and focusing on greater information dissemination to reduce fear and increase vaccine uptake is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M. Alarifi
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 13323, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najim Z. Alshahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India
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Gardiner FW, Schofield Z, Hendry M, Jones K, Smallacombe M, Steere M, Beach J, MacIsaac M, Greenberg R, Crawford C, Trivett M, Morris J, Spring B, Quinlan F, Churilov L, Rallah-Baker K, Gardiner E, O’Donnell J. A novel COVID-19 program, delivering vaccines throughout rural and remote Australia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1019536. [PMID: 37529430 PMCID: PMC10390067 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1019536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia (RFDS) established a unique SARS-CoV-2 vaccination program for vaccinating Australians that live in rural and remote areas. This paper describes the preparation and response phases of the RFDS response. Methods This study includes vaccinations conducted by the RFDS from 01 January 2021 until 31 December 2021 when vaccines were mandatory for work and social activities. Prior to each clinic, we conducted community consultation to determine site requirements, patient characteristics, expected vaccination numbers, and community transmission rates. Findings Ninety-five organizations requested support. The majority (n = 60; 63.2%) came from Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations. Following consultation, 360 communities were approved for support. Actual vaccinations exceeded expectations (n = 70,827 vs. 49,407), with a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.83, 0.93). Areas that reported healthcare workforce shortages during the preparation phase had the highest population proportion difference between expected and actual vaccinations. Areas that reported high vaccine hesitancy during the preparation phase had fewer than expected vaccines. There was a noticeable increase in vaccination rates in line with community outbreaks and positive polymerase chain reaction cases [r (41) = 0.35, p = 0.021]. Engagement with community leaders prior to clinic deployment was essential to provide a tailored response based on community expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus W. Gardiner
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- The Rural Clinical School of Western Australia, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zoe Schofield
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- CDU Menzies School of Medicine, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Miranda Hendry
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kate Jones
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Mardi Steere
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jenny Beach
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | - Candice Crawford
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Melanie Trivett
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Judah Morris
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Breeanna Spring
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Molly Wardagua Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Frank Quinlan
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Elli Gardiner
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - John O’Donnell
- Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Cesareo M, Tagliabue M, Lopes ME, Moderato P. Framing Effects on Willingness and Perceptions towards COVID-19 Vaccination among University Students in Italy: An Exploratory Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1079. [PMID: 37376468 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is a diffused psychological phenomenon that has been increasingly addressed in several studies since the COVID-19 pandemic. Communication campaigns play a pivotal role influencing recipients' perceptions and may affect the likelihood to vaccinate or to show hesitancy. In the context of communicating risks during the COVID-19 pandemic, we hypothesized that highlighting different aspects of data on the effectiveness of vaccines would influence people's willingness and attitudes to vaccinate. In this exploratory study, we administered two versions of a survey to a convenience sample of students from three universities in Italy. In the first version, salience was placed on the effectiveness of the vaccine in terms of reducing the probability of infection. In the second version, salience was placed on the effectiveness of the vaccine in terms of reducing the probability of hospitalization after being infected by COVID-19. The results confirmed our hypothesis: participants reported that they were more willing to become vaccinated when exposed to the hospitalization frame (main dimension). Conversely, we found mixed effects of the frame on the following sub-dimensions: reliability, trust, protection, safety, and confidence. Taken together, we show that it is possible to influence, to some extent, university students' attitudes and perceptions toward COVID-19 vaccination by acting on how information is framed. We discuss the implications of these findings for the development of behaviorally informed policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cesareo
- Istituto Europeo per lo Studio del Comportamento Umano (IESCUM), Piazzale Ravenet 5, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Tagliabue
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Magdalena Edyta Lopes
- Istituto Europeo per lo Studio del Comportamento Umano (IESCUM), Piazzale Ravenet 5, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Moderato
- Istituto Europeo per lo Studio del Comportamento Umano (IESCUM), Piazzale Ravenet 5, 43100 Parma, Italy
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour, IULM University, Via Carlo Bo 1, 20143 Milano, Italy
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Moon I, Han J, Kim K. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine Hesitancy: 2020 California Health Interview Survey. Prev Med Rep 2023; 33:102200. [PMID: 37034299 PMCID: PMC10072984 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the COVID-19 vaccine is a key intervention against the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy is a barrier to vaccination coverage, leading to a higher risk of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. To reduce vaccine hesitancy, the factors affecting it must be addressed. Based on the determinants of health approach, this study aimed to investigate whether the distribution of determinants of health differed between the vaccine hesitancy group and the vaccine acceptance group and to identify determinants of participants' hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine if it was available. This study utilized the 2020 California Health Interview Survey Data collected between May and December 2020. Data were collected using a population-based web and telephone health survey. Data from 21,949 participants in California were included, and 4,183 (23.4 %) showed vaccine hesitancy. The following determinants were positively associated with vaccine hesitancy: female sex, Black and American Indian/Alaskan Native ethnicity, smoking, poverty, U.S.-born citizen, frequent use of social media, food insecurity, and limited healthcare access. Older age, not having severe psychological distress, not having diabetes, and high perceived safety in the neighborhood were negatively associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This study also found that higher use of social media potentially threatened vaccine uptake, whereas frequent internet use was negatively associated with vaccine hesitancy. Public health and other relevant service providers should address the determinants of vaccine hesitancy and develop effective strategies and interventions for vaccine-hesitant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingyu Moon
- Alliance University (formerly Nyack College) School of Social Work, 2 Washington St. #2020, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | - Junghee Han
- University of Southern Indiana, Dept. of Social Work, 8600 University Boulevard, Evansville, IN 47712, USA
| | - Keon Kim
- University of Southern Indiana, Dept. of Social Work, 8600 University Boulevard, Evansville, IN 47712, USA
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Zeitoun A, Hallit S, Chehade S, Ibrahim A, Helali M, Allam C, Karam R. A 1-year analysis of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in Lebanon: a retrospective study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 36810279 PMCID: PMC9942625 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the deployment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, skepticism about the safety, incidence, and severity of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) was a concern. The study has two main objectives. First, to analyze AEFIs following COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Sputnik, and Sinopharm) during the vaccination campaign in Lebanon and correlate them with age and gender. Second, to correlate Pfizer-BioNTech and AstraZeneca vaccines' AEFI with the dose administered. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out between February 14th, 2021, and February 14th, 2022. AEFI case reports received to the Lebanese Pharmacovigilance (PV) Program were cleaned, validated, and analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS A total of 6808 AEFI case reports were received to the Lebanese PV Program during the period of this study. Case reports were mostly received from females (60.7%) and from vaccine recipients aged 18-44 years. As for the vaccine type, AEFIs occurred more frequently with the AstraZeneca vaccine compared to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. The latter had AEFIs mainly following dose 2, whereas AEFIs with the AstraZeneca vaccine were more frequently reported after dose 1, with general body pain being the most reported systemic AEFI with PZ (34.6%), while fatigue was the most reported AEFI with AZ vaccine (56.5%). CONCLUSIONS The AEFI reported with COVID-19 vaccines in Lebanon were aligned with those reported worldwide. The incidence of rare serious AEFIs should not discourage the public from getting vaccinated. Further studies are needed to evaluate their long-term potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Zeitoun
- grid.490673.f0000 0004 6020 2237Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products Department, National Pharmacovigilance Program, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- grid.444434.70000 0001 2106 3658Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Sirine Chehade
- grid.490673.f0000 0004 6020 2237Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products Department, National Pharmacovigilance Program, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aya Ibrahim
- grid.490673.f0000 0004 6020 2237Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products Department, National Pharmacovigilance Program, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya Helali
- grid.490673.f0000 0004 6020 2237Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products Department, National Pharmacovigilance Program, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Allam
- grid.490673.f0000 0004 6020 2237Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products Department, National Pharmacovigilance Program, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita Karam
- Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products Department, National Pharmacovigilance Program, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior, Acceptance, and Hesitancy in Relation to the COVID-19 Vaccine among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women: A Systematic Review Protocol. WOMEN 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/women3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified at the end of 2019. It swiftly spread all over the world, affecting more than 600 million people and causing over 6 million deaths worldwide. Different COVID-19 vaccines became available by the end of 2020. Healthcare workers and more vulnerable people (such as the elderly and those with comorbidities) were initially prioritized, followed by the entire population, including pregnant and breastfeeding women. Despite the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, a certain level of skepticism was expressed, including among pregnant and breastfeeding women. There were several reasons for this reluctancy, among them, fear of side-effects for both women and fetuses. Nevertheless, acceptance, as well as hesitancy, were time, country and vaccine specific. This review will collect available evidence assessing knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, practice and acceptance/hesitancy of pregnant/breastfeeding women in relation to the COVID-19 vaccination. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and EMBASE databases will be consulted. A predefined search strategy that combines both free text and MESH terms will be used. The systematic review will adhere to the PRISMA guidelines and the results will be reported in both narrative and summary tables. A meta-analysis will be conducted if data are available.
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Perrone C, Fiabane E, Maffoni M, Pierobon A, Setti I, Sommovigo V, Gabanelli P. Vaccination hesitancy: To be vaccinated, or not to be vaccinated, that is the question in the era of COVID-19. Public Health Nurs 2022; 40:90-96. [PMID: 36168152 PMCID: PMC9538072 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy poses serious challenges in achieving adequate vaccine coverage in the general population. While most studies on vaccine hesitance determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic were quantitative, qualitative research on the reasons for vaccine resistance is still lacking. To fill this gap, this study aims to qualitatively investigate cognitive and emotional factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This qualitative pilot study was conducted between October and November 2021 in Italy. A total of 40 COVID-19 vaccine-hesitant ("hesitant not vaccinated" or "hesitant but vaccinated") individuals completed anonymous questionnaires with open-ended questions. Data were analysed using the Interpretive Description approach. The central theme that emerged about vaccine hesitancy was the lack of control. This construct included four different sub-categories: distrust of the government, infodemic, influence of family, and general anti-vaccine opinions. The results also showed that the most important emotional and cognitive factors associated with hesitancy were anger related to a perceived sense of oppression; emotional avoidance to minimize risk; anxiety related to potential vaccine side effects. Identifying and understanding factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy is crucial to improving communication strategies that will ultimately result in increased confidence and vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Perrone
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPsychology Unit of Pavia InstitutePaviaItaly
| | - Elena Fiabane
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici MaugeriDepartment of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of Nervi InstituteGenovaItaly
| | - Marina Maffoni
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPsychology Unit of MontescanoMontescanoItaly
| | - Antonia Pierobon
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPsychology Unit of MontescanoMontescanoItaly
| | - Ilaria Setti
- Department of Brain and Behavioural SciencesUnit of Applied PsychologyUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Valentina Sommovigo
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomaItaly
| | - Paola Gabanelli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSPsychology Unit of Pavia InstitutePaviaItaly
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Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in a Rural Setting: A Case Study of DIMAMO Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Limpopo Province of South Africa. JOURNAL OF RESPIRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jor2020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The primary purpose of introducing the COVID-19 vaccine was to fight the pandemic. However, the vaccine was not well received worldwide. This challenge has threatened the effective implementation and roll-out of COVID-19 immunization campaigns. The challenge of vaccine hesitancy was reported to be more prevalent in rural areas due to various factors such as cultural beliefs, misinformation, poverty, lack of education, and distrust of vaccines. Yet there seems to be a scarcity of studies determining the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy in deep rural areas of Limpopo. Purpose: The study aimed to explore the prevalence of COVID-19 hesitancy among the rural black population in South Africa. Study Methods: A longitudinal quantitative study was conducted with data from the DIMAMO Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) database for 2020 to 2022. A non-probability total sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Trained fieldworkers collected data using an electronic data capture questionnaire. A comparison of categorical variables was performed using Chi-Square in SPSS version 26 and the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval to analyze the data. Results: The limited availability of vaccination sites in Limpopo Province, South Africa, was associated with a reduced certainty that the vaccine would be accepted, as reported in the current study. The prevalence of visiting traditional healers was significantly higher in non-vaccinated than vaccinated participants among the rural black population, indicating a different cultural belief among the rural black population that existed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The present study findings show diverse factors of concern associated with vaccination hesitancy for COVID-19 among rural black people. Lack of education, gender, not being diagnosed with COVID-19, not being a Christian, visiting traditional healers, vaccine mistrust, unknown side effects, and a lack of confidence in the vaccine itself. Conspiracy theories were factors that impacted vaccine acceptance among black people living in rural areas. The prevalence of visiting traditional healers was significantly higher in non-vaccinated than vaccinated participants. Therefore, the present study findings emphasize the need to collectively integrate and utilize the traditional healers in the South African healthcare system.
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