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Hensel ALJ, Nicholson K, Anderson KK, Gomaa NA. Biopsychosocial factors in oral and systemic diseases: a scoping review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1378467. [PMID: 38872985 PMCID: PMC11169703 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1378467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between chronic oral diseases and other major systemic health conditions, commonly referred to as the oral-systemic health connection, has been previously studied with several underlying common risk factors and pathways linking both groups of diseases. Psychosocial factors contribute to an increased susceptibility to chronic oral and non-oral diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of psychosocial stress in chronic oral and systemic diseases. Methods A search strategy was built and a literature search was conducted using four databases (CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO). A combination of search terms related to psychosocial stress, systemic disease, and oral conditions were used. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they included human adults (aged 18 years and older), included psychosocial factors as an exposure measure, and outcome measures of both an oral and systemic condition. Only English-language articles were considered. Pilot testing of the data extraction form and calibration were conducted and data were extracted independently by one researcher. Results A total of fifteen articles out of eighty full-text articles screened were determined to be eligible for inclusion in this review. Periodontal disease was the most commonly studied oral disease, measured in 53% of included articles, with the most commonly studied systemic diseases being of mental health conditions (40%) and diabetes (47%). Psychosocial stress was measured using a range of psychometric indicators and/or biomarkers, including perceived stress, individual behaviours, childhood adversity, and cortisol. In total, fourteen studies found a positive association between measures of psychosocial stress and oral-systemic health. Conclusion Psychosocial stress may be a common contributor to both chronic oral and non-oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L. J. Hensel
- Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Nicholson
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly K. Anderson
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Noha A. Gomaa
- Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Sabbagh HJ, AlSharif MT, Abdulhameed FD, Aljohar AJ, Alhussain RM, Alghamdi SM, Alrejaye NS, AlGudaibi LY, Sallout BI, Albaqawi BS, Alnamnakani EA, Brekeit LK, Basri OA, Almalik MI, Al Soqih NS, Alshaikh AB, Aburiziza AJ, Al Qahtani FA, Alghamdi BM, Alraddadi AK, Khaja HH, Alamoudi RA. Maternal Exposure to Stress During Covid-19 and Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Cohort Retrospective Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024:10556656231224198. [PMID: 38239006 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231224198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic presents an opportunity to study stress's effect on the development of non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs). This study was aimed at assessing maternal stress exposure during the pregestational to first trimester pregnancy periods and the development of NSOFCs during a year of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Cohort study of infants with NSOFCs and controls matched based on recruitment site and age. SETTING Government hospitals in Saudi Arabia between November 2020 and November 2021. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Data collection included NSOFC clinical examination and maternal stress exposure assessment using the Modified Life Events Questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and a focus on the lack of pregnancy planning and a threatened miscarriage. RESULTS Of the 557 infants recruited, 191 had NSOFCs. Logistic regression analysis with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) that removed the effects of confounders showed that any of the seven stressful life events (AOR:3.78, P < .001) and the family histories of relatives with NSOFCs (AOR:9.73, P < .001) increased the AOR for NSOFC development. In contrast, maternal folic acid (AOR:0.56, P.010), threatened miscarriage (AOR:0.17, P = .001), fear of COVID-19 (AOR:0.83, P = .038), and suspected COVID-19 infection (AOR:0.43, P = .008) decreased the AOR for NSOFC development. CONCLUSION Along with an established risk associated with family history of birth defects, stressful life events may be a risk factor for NSOFC development. Beyond folic acid's known benefit, it may be that higher maternal health concerns contribute to increased protective health behaviors during pregnancy. Ongoing research is needed to specify the maternal risk factors for NSOFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Talal AlSharif
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Dawood Abdulhameed
- Pediatric Surgery Department, King Salman Medical City, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza Johar Aljohar
- Consultant Pedodontist, Department of Dentistry, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Mahdi Alhussain
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Dammam Medical Complex, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Musaad Alghamdi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Bisha Dental Centre, Ministry of Health, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Sulaiman Alrejaye
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifa Yousef AlGudaibi
- Resident in the Saudi Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Dentistry; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahauddin Ibraheem Sallout
- Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Women's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badi Shoaib Albaqawi
- Consultant, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Women's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lougin Khalid Brekeit
- Orthodontic Resident, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Adel Basri
- Craniofacial Orthodontists, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Ibrahim Almalik
- Consultant Pedodontist, Dental Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Suliman Al Soqih
- Department of Pediatrics, Qassim University, College of Medicine, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Bakr Alshaikh
- Resident in Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal Ali Al Qahtani
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hadeel Hamza Khaja
- Center of Congenital Malformations in Fetuses and Newborns, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Abdullah Alamoudi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Shinde S, Kumari S, Prakash M, M PG, Khajuria A, Modi N, Chhabra GK, Paul P. A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Use of Tobacco, Attempts on Cessation, and Locus of Control Among College Students. Cureus 2023; 15:e46195. [PMID: 37905250 PMCID: PMC10613342 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Socio-cultural considerations (such as drug availability) and psychological traits play a significant role in predicting whether a person will use drugs in the future and dependency on the drugs. Second-, third-, and fourth-hand smoking and E-cigarettes are influencing factors for the use of tobacco in college students. This study conducted research to ascertain whether there is a potential relationship between tobacco consumption and various factors, including internal and external control sites and demographics. Materials and methods Participants in the study were found by walk-up distribution at multiple campus-wide smoking places, department announcements, and on-campus advertisements. Social media and participant references were also used in this study as recruitment tools. In addition, the locus of control questionnaire also identifies if the participating individual had extrinsic or intrinsic reinforcing routines. The classification of the participating individuals into respective internal and external locus of control was in accordance with their response survey after which a statistical analysis was done. Results This study found an association between smoking on campus and reported attempts to quit. Additionally, there is a strong association (r(85) = 0.31, p < 0.01) between reported tobacco use status and cigarette use on campus. Participants' gender and smoking status also had r(85) = 0.39, p-value < 0.01 correlation. The bulk of respondents indicated that they were seniors and off-campus living concluding for 36% (n = 34) and 60% (n = 51) of the total. Twenty-seven percent (n = 24) of the respondents were first-year college students and the rest 33% (n = 29) said their parents had no college education at all or incomplete college education. Conclusion Whenever there is a strong perception of organizational support for anti-tobacco policies, and improving compliance, there is a drastic increase in cigarette cessation and a drop in tobacco usage among those who still smoke. Perceived organizational support is strongly and positively connected with cessation among the organization's members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Shinde
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Prakash Institute of Medical Sciences, Islampur, IND
| | - Sonali Kumari
- Department of Periodontology, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, IND
| | - Manish Prakash
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, IND
| | - Prashant G M
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Davanagere, IND
| | - Anmol Khajuria
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, IND
| | - Nitin Modi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vyas Dental College and Hospital, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Gaurav Kumar Chhabra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, IND
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education And Research, Deemed to be University, Wardha, IND
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Sabbagh HJ, Baghlaf KK, Jamalellail HMH, Bakhuraybah AS, AlGhamdi SM, Alharbi OA, AlHarbi KM, Hassan MHA. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and non-syndromic orofacial cleft: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:76. [PMID: 37313116 PMCID: PMC10258680 DOI: 10.18332/tid/163177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with several congenital anomalies, including non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs). This systematic review aimed to update the literature on the association between ETS and NSOFCs. METHODS Four databases were searched up to March 2022, and studies that evaluated the association between ETS and NSOFCs were selected. Two authors selected the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias. Comparing the association of maternal exposure to ETS and active parental smoking with NSOFCs allowed for the creation of pooled effect estimates for the included studies. RESULTS Twenty-six studies were deemed eligible for this review, of which 14 were reported in a previous systematic review. Twenty five were case-control studies, and one was a cohort study. In total, these studies included 2142 NSOFC cases compared to 118129 controls. All meta-analyses showed an association between ETS and the risk of having a child with NSOFC, based on the cleft phenotype, risk of bias, and year of publication, with a pooled increased odds ratio of 1.80 (95% CI: 1.51-2.15). These studies had a marked heterogeneity, which decreased upon subgrouping based on the recent year of publication and the risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS ETS exposure was associated with more than a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of having a child with NSOFC, showing a higher odds ratio than paternal and maternal active smoking. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database # CRD42021272909.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba J. Sabbagh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khlood K. Baghlaf
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan M. H. Jamalellail
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Primary Health Care, Jizan Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Salem M. AlGhamdi
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A. Alharbi
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M. AlHarbi
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona H. A. Hassan
- Department of Biostatistics, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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5
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Sabbagh HJ, Alamoudi RA, Zeinalddin M, Al Bulushi T, Al-Batayneh OB, AboulHassan MA, Koraitim M, Quritum M, Almuqbali B, Alghamdi SM, Refahee SM, Alkharafi L, Taqi FF, Albassam B, Ayed M, Embaireeg A, Alnahdi R, AlSharif MT, Abdulhameed FD, Aljohar AJ, Alrejaye NS, Almalik MI, Viswapurna PS, Al Halasa T, El Tantawi M. COVID-19 related risk factors and their association with non-syndromic orofacial clefts in five Arab countries: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:246. [PMID: 37118740 PMCID: PMC10141804 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The environmental etiology of non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) is still under research. The aim of this case-control study is to assess COVID-19 associated factors that may be related to the risk of NSOFC in five Arab countries. These factors include COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 symptoms, family member or friends infected with COVID-19, stress, smoking, socioeconomic status and fear of COVID-19. METHODS The study took place in governmental hospitals in five Arab countries from November 2020 to November 2021. Controls are matched in the month of delivery and site of recruitment. A clinical examination was carried out using LASHAL classification. Maternal exposure to medication, illnesses, supplementation, COVID-19 infection during their pregestation and 1st trimester periods were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Maternal exposure to stress was assessed using the Life Events scale, fear of covid-19 scale, family member or friend affected with covid-19 infection, pregnancy planning and threatened abortion. RESULTS The study recruited 1135 infants (386 NSOFC and 749 controls). Living in urban areas, maternal exposure to medications 3-months pregestation, maternal exposure to any of the prenatal life events and maternal fear of COVID-19 significantly increased the risk of having a child with NSOFC. On the other hand, mothers exposed to supplementation 3-months pregestation, mothers suspected of having COVID-19 infection, family members or friends testing positive with COVID-19 significantly decreased the risk of having a child with NSOFC. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that NSOFC may be associated with maternal exposure to lifetime stress and COVID-19 fear in particular, with no direct effect of the COVID-19 infection itself. This highlights the importance of providing psychological support for expecting mothers during stressful events that affect populations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to the usual antenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana A Alamoudi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | | | - Mohamed Koraitim
- Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maryam Quritum
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21527, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bader Albassam
- Department of General Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Mariam Ayed
- Neonatal Department, Maternity Hospital-Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Alia Embaireeg
- Neonatal Department, Maternity Hospital-Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | | | - Mona Talal AlSharif
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Dawood Abdulhameed
- Pediatric Surgery Department, King Salman Medical City, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza Johar Aljohar
- Department of Dentistry, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Sulaiman Alrejaye
- Department of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Tamara Al Halasa
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21527, Egypt.
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Sabbagh HJ, Abdelaziz W, Quritum M, Alamoudi RA, AlKhateeb NAB, Abourdan J, Qureshi N, Qureshi S, Hamoud AHN, Mahmoud N, Odeh R, Al-Khanati NM, Jaber R, Balkhoyor AL, Shabi M, Folayan MO, Alade O, Gomaa N, Alnahdi R, Mahmoud NA, El Wazziki H, Alnaas M, Samodien B, Mahmoud RA, Assab NA, Saad S, Alsayad MM, Alhachim SG, El Tantawi M. A multi-country study on the impact of sex and age on oral features of COVID-19 infection in adolescents and young adults. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:513. [PMID: 36402969 PMCID: PMC9675238 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral diseases are features of COVID-19 infection. There is, however, little known about oral diseases associated with COVID-19 in adolescents and young adults (AYA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess oral lesions’ association with COVID-19 infection in AYA; and to identify if sex and age will modify these associations. Methodology Data was collected for this cross-sectional study between August 2020 and January 2021 from 11-to-23 years old participants in 43-countries using an electronic validated questionnaire developed in five languages. Data collected included information on the dependent variables (the presence of oral conditions- gingival inflammation, dry mouth, change in taste and oral ulcers), independent variable (COVID-19 infection) and confounders (age, sex, history of medical problems and parents’ educational level). Multilevel binary logistic regression was used for analysis. Results Complete data were available for 7164 AYA, with 7.5% reporting a history of COVID-19 infection. A significantly higher percentage of participants with a history of COVID-19 infection than those without COVID-19 infection reported having dry mouth (10.6% vs 7.3%, AOR = 1.31) and taste changes (11.1% vs 2.7%, AOR = 4.11). There was a significant effect modification in the association between COVID-19 infection and the presence of dry mouth and change in taste by age and sex (P = 0.02 and < 0.001). Conclusion COVID-19 infection was associated with dry mouth and change in taste among AYA and the strength of this association differed by age and sex. These oral conditions may help serve as an index for suspicion of COVID-19 infection in AYA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02515-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80200, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Abdelaziz
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561 Egypt
| | - Maryam Quritum
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561 Egypt
| | - Rana Abdullah Alamoudi
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Abu Bakr AlKhateeb
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Joud Abourdan
- grid.411781.a0000 0004 0471 9346Medical Faculty, Istanbul Medipol University, 34230 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nafeesa Qureshi
- City Quay Dental Practice and Implant Centre, Dundee, DD1 3JA UK
| | - Shabnum Qureshi
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Education, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Ahmed H. N. Hamoud
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561 Egypt
| | - Nada Mahmoud
- grid.449328.00000 0000 8955 8908Faculty of Dentistry, National Ribat University, 1111 Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ruba Odeh
- grid.444470.70000 0000 8672 9927College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- grid.449576.d0000 0004 5895 8692Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, 386 Syria
| | - Rawiah Jaber
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117General Courses, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Loaie Balkhoyor
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Shabi
- grid.460099.2University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23218 Saudi Arabia
| | - Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria
| | - Omolola Alade
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Noha Gomaa
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada
| | - Raqiya Alnahdi
- Department of Dental Surgery, Oman Dental College, 116 Muscat, Oman
| | - Nawal A. Mahmoud
- grid.444472.50000 0004 1756 3061Institute of Creative Art and Design (ICAD), Kuala Lumpur Campus, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanane El Wazziki
- Department of Cereal Plant Pathology, National Institute of Agricultural Research, 10090 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Manal Alnaas
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Bahia Samodien
- Western Cape Education Department, Cape Town, 8001 South Africa
| | - Rawa A. Mahmoud
- Musculoskeletal Center, International Medical Centre, Jeddah, 21451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Abu Assab
- Schools of Awqaf, Directorate of Education, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sherin Saad
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maha El Tantawi
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561 Egypt
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Folayan MO, Alade O, Adeyemo Y, Sabbagh HJ, Oyapero A, Oziegbe EO, Popoola BO, Quritum M, El Tantawi M. Differences in risk indicators associated with electronic cigarette use and tobacco smoking among adolescents and young people in Nigeria. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001285. [PMID: 36109086 PMCID: PMC9478830 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study determined the proportion of adolescents and young persons (AYP) in Nigeria who use e-cigarettes and smoke tobacco; and identified factors associated with the use of e-cigarettes and tobacco smoking. Methods AYP aged 11–23 years were recruited to participate in an online survey. The independent variables were respondents’ health, HIV and COVID-19 status and their level of anxiety. The dependent variables were tobacco smoking and use of e-cigarettes. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, educational level and vulnerability status). Results There were 2206 respondents of which 568 (19.8%) used e-cigarettes and 787 (27.4%) smoked tobacco. Individual (18–23 years, having a health condition, high anxiety and being vulnerable) and familial (having father, mother, siblings or friends who used e-cigarettes) factors were associated with both the use of e-cigarettes and tobacco smoking. Tobacco smoking was a significant risk indicator for e-cigarettes use and vice versa. COVID-19 infection (adjusted OR, AOR: 3.602) and living with HIV (AOR: 1.898) were associated with higher odds of using e-cigarettes. Males (AOR: 1.577), 15–17 years (AOR: 6.621) and moderate anxiety (AOR: 2.500) were associated with higher odds of tobacco smoking. AYP with health conditions had higher odds of using e-cigarettes (AOR: 1.514) while AYP with moderate anxiety had lower odds of using e-cigarettes (AOR: 0.627). Conclusion The proportion of AYP in Nigeria who used e-cigarettes and smoked tobacco is high. Public health interventions that target the common risk factors for e-cigarettes use and tobacco smoking among AYP in Nigeria are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omolola Alade
- Department of Peventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Yewande Adeyemo
- Department of Child Dental Health, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Preventive Dental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Dental School, Dundee University, UK
| | - Afolabi Oyapero
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ojo, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Maryam Quritum
- Department of Peventive and Community Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Sabbagh HJ, Abdelaziz W, Alghamdi W, Quritum M, AlKhateeb NA, Abourdan J, Qureshi N, Qureshi S, Hamoud AHN, Mahmoud N, Odeh R, Al-Khanati NM, Jaber R, Balkhoyor AL, Shabi M, Folayan MO, Alade O, Gomaa N, Alnahdi R, Mahmoud NA, El Wazziki H, Alnaas M, Samodien B, Mahmoud RA, Abu Assab N, Saad S, Alhachim SG, El Tantawi M. Anxiety among Adolescents and Young Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Country Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710538. [PMID: 36078253 PMCID: PMC9517795 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Adolescents-and-young-adults (AYA) are prone to anxiety. This study assessed AYA's level of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic; and determined if anxiety levels were associated with country-income and region, socio-demographic profile and medical history of individuals. (2) Methods: A survey collected data from participants in 25 countries. Dependent-variables included general-anxiety level, and independent-variables included medical problems, COVID-19 infection, age, sex, education, and country-income-level and region. A multilevel-multinomial-logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between dependent, and independent-variables. (3) Results: Of the 6989 respondents, 2964 (42.4%) had normal-anxiety, and 2621 (37.5%), 900 (12.9%) and 504 (7.2%) had mild, moderate and severe-anxiety, respectively. Participants from the African region (AFR) had lower odds of mild, moderate and severe than normal-anxiety compared to those from the Eastern-Mediterranean-region (EMR). Also, participants from lower-middle-income-countries (LMICs) had higher odds of mild and moderate than normal-anxiety compared to those from low-income-countries (LICs). Females, older-adolescents, with medical-problems, suspected-but-not-tested-for-COVID-19, and those with friends/family-infected with COVID-19 had significantly greater odds of different anxiety-levels. (4) Conclusions: One-in-five AYA had moderate to severe-anxiety during the COVID-19-pandemic. There were differences in anxiety-levels among AYAs by region and income-level, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions based on nationally-identified priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-505668481
| | - Wafaa Abdelaziz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Waleed Alghamdi
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Quritum
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | | | - Joud Abourdan
- Medical Faculty, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34230, Turkey
| | - Nafeesa Qureshi
- City Quay Dental Practice and Implant Centre, Dundee DD1 3JA, UK
| | - Shabnum Qureshi
- Department of Education, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | | | - Nada Mahmoud
- Faculty of Dentistry, National Ribat University, Khartoum 1111, Sudan
| | - Ruba Odeh
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus 368, Syria
| | - Rawiah Jaber
- General Courses, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Omolola Alade
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Noha Gomaa
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Raqiya Alnahdi
- Department of Dental Surgery, Oman Dental College, Muscat 116, Oman
| | - Nawal A. Mahmoud
- Institute of Creative Art and Design (ICAD), Kuala Lumpur Campus, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hanane El Wazziki
- Department of Cereal Plant Pathology, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Manal Alnaas
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Bahia Samodien
- Western Cape Education Department, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - Rawa A. Mahmoud
- Musculoskeletal Center, International Medical Center, Jeddah 21451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Abu Assab
- Schools of Awqaf, Directorate of Education, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sherin Saad
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
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Alade O, Folayan MO, Adeniyi A, Adeyemo YI, Oyapero A, Olatosi OO, Nzomiwu C, Popoola BO, Eigbobo J, Oziegbe E, Oyedele T, El Tantawi M, Sabbagh HJ. Differences in Oral Lesions Associated with Tobacco Smoking, E-Cigarette Use and COVID-19 Infection among Adolescents and Young People in Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710509. [PMID: 36078225 PMCID: PMC9517769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 infection is associated with oral lesions which may be exacerbated by tobacco smoking or e-cigarette use. This study assessed the oral lesions associated with the use of e-cigarettes, tobacco smoking, and COVID-19 among adolescents and young people in Nigeria. A national survey recruited 11-23-year-old participants from the 36 States of Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Data were collected using Survey Monkey®. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted. Statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05. There were 2870 participants, of which 386 (13.4%) were tobacco smokers, 167 (5.8%) e-cigarette users, and 401 (14.0%) were both e-cigarette and tobacco users; and 344 (12.0%) had ever tested positive to COVID-19. Adolescents and young people who smoked tobacco had more than twice the odds of reporting gingival inflammation, oral ulcers, dry mouth, and changes in taste than those who did not smoke. Those who used e-cigarettes had 1.5 times higher odds of reporting oral lesions. Respondents who had COVID-19 infection had higher odds of reporting gingival inflammation and lower odds of reporting dry mouth than those who did not have COVID-19 infection. These findings were significant, and may help clinicians to screen for tobacco use and COVID-19 among adolescents and young people in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola Alade
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria
| | | | - Abiola Adeniyi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Afolabi Oyapero
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja 100271, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Olamide Olatosi
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Chioma Nzomiwu
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar 540271, Nigeria
| | | | - Joycelyn Eigbobo
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500004, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria
| | - Titus Oyedele
- Dental Unit, Department of Surgery, Benjamin Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo 121103, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
| | - Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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