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Yamashita N, Sato D, Mishima T. Jump height ingenerated by countermovement and arm swing better correlates with proagility shuttle run tests but not with change of direction deficits in collegiate female athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:749-757. [PMID: 38602034 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.24.15691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jumping and linear sprinting performances show a moderate correlation with change of direction (COD) ability. However, the extent of these correlations remains unknown through statistical analysis. Thus, this study statistically compared correlation coefficients between COD, COD deficit (CODD), and jumping and linear sprint performances. METHODS National-level basketball (29) and baseball (18) intercollegiate female athletes performed 20-m linear sprint, proagility (5-10-5) test, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump with (CMJarm) and without (CMJ) arm swing and modified reactive strength index (RSImod). Correlation analysis was used to assess factors correlated with COD performance and CODD; subsequently, correlation coefficient comparison test was used to determine better correlations with COD and CODD performance. RESULTS CMJ (r=-0.483) and CMJarm (r=-0.446) had stronger correlations with 10-m COD (both, P<0.018) than with 10-m linear sprint (r=0.431, P=0.002). For 20-m COD, RSImod, CMJ, and CMJarm (r=-0.491--0.543, P<0.001) better correlated with 20-m COD than with 20-m linear sprints (r=0.436, P=0.002), while RSI (both r=-0.317, P<0.030) and SJ (r=-0.359, r=-0.293, P=0.046) were weakly correlated with 10- and 20-m COD. The differences in correlation coefficients for RSImod, CMJ, and CMJarm were not significant in both 10- and 20-m COD. Ten-meter linear sprint performance only correlated with 10-m CODD, while no correlation was observed with 20-m CODD. CONCLUSIONS Stronger correlations of RSImod, CMJ, and CMJarm with 10-/20-m COD than with linear sprinting, RSI, and SJ suggest that training focused on improving countermovement and arm swings with jumping may enhance COD performance in female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Yamashita
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Sports Performance Assessment, Sports Science Center, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Senangun, Japan -
| | - Takaaki Mishima
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Senangun, Japan
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Barrera-Domínguez FJ, Del-Cuerpo I, Riego-Ruiz A, Martínez-García D, Jerez-Mayorga D, Javier Chirosa-Ríos L, Molina-López J. Strength characteristics in faster change of direction basketball players: A comparison across cutting angles. Eur J Sport Sci 2024. [PMID: 38949958 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Change of directions (COD) involves multidirectional and complex actions, with performance influenced by multiple factors. As lower limb strength is one of the most determinant of COD performance, the present study aimed to (a) explore the differences in strength outcomes across different lower limb muscle actions between faster and slower basketball players in COD actions at different angles and (b) analyse the relationship between isometric, concentric and eccentric strength outcomes and COD performance at different cutting angles. Twenty-five basketball players (44% female) completed a battery of tests, encompassing isokinetic and isometric squat strength assessments, along with COD tests at 45°, 90° and 180°. Players were categorised as 'low-performance' and 'high-performance' groups based on execution time in COD, facilitating a comparison between performance groups. Results indicated that concentric strength showed the greatest differences between performance groups at 45° COD (effect size ≥ 0.813; p ≤ 0.034). Isometric and eccentric strength demonstrated a moderate-to-large relationship with 90° COD performance (Rho ≥ 0.394; p ≤ 0.045), and all muscle actions exhibited a large relationship with 180° COD (Rho ≥ 0.445; p ≤ 0.030). Moreover, the fastest players showed higher levels of concentric strength relative to eccentric strength, regardless of the cutting angle. These findings hold practical applications, suggesting that basketball coaches should train a specific kind of muscle action depending on the individual players' COD demands, focusing on improving the rapid eccentric force application while striving to reduce the eccentric/concentric ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indya Del-Cuerpo
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Riego-Ruiz
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Martínez-García
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Jerez-Mayorga
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Luís Javier Chirosa-Ríos
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Molina-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, COIDESO, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Sánchez-Sabaté J, Gutiérrez H, Marco-Contreras LA, Younes-Egana O, Gonzalo-Skok O, Piedrafita E. Influence of Vertical-Oriented vs. Horizontal-Oriented Combined Strength Training in Young Basketball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1280-1287. [PMID: 38595275 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sánchez-Sabaté, J, Gutiérrez, H, Marco-Contreras, LA, Younes-Egana, O, Gonzalo-Skok, O, and Piedrafita, E. Influence of vertical-oriented vs. horizontal-oriented combined strength training in young basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1280-1287, 2024-This study aimed to compare the effects of 8-week combined vertical-oriented vs. horizontal-oriented training interventions in basketball athletes. Eighteen highly trained U-16 basketball players participated in this study and were randomly assigned to either a combined vertical-oriented training group (CVG, n = 9) or a combined horizontal-oriented training group (CHG, n = 9). Bilateral and unilateral vertical jump height, unilateral horizontal jump distance, 5-m, 10-m, and 20-m sprint times, change-of-direction sprint times, and a limb symmetry index were among the measured performance variables. Combined strength training was performed twice a week for 8 weeks. CVG was compounded by the squat exercise (3 sets of 6-8 R at 30-45% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), jump squats (2 sets of 6 R, at 5-12.5% body mass [BM]), and vertical jumps (3-4 sets × 6 R). CHG included the hip thrust exercise (3 sets of 6-8 R at 30-45% 1RM), sled towing sprints (2-3 R, at 5-12.5% BM), and sprints (3-4 R of 20-m). Within-group differences showed significant ( p < 0.05 and statistical power >80%) improvements in unilateral vertical jumping with the right leg after both training interventions. By contrast, only CHG improved 5-m, 10-m, and 20-m sprint times ( p < 0.05 and statistical power >80%). Significant effects were observed for CHG compared with CVG in 5-m, 10-m, and 20-m sprint times ( p < 0.05 and statistical power >80%). This study reinforces the importance of oriented-combined training based on force-vector specificity target, mainly in horizontal-oriented actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Gonzalo-Skok
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
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Shiraz S, Salimei C, Aracri M, Di Lorenzo C, Farsetti P, Parisi A, Iellamo F, Caminiti G, Perrone MA. The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Cognitive and Physical Skills in Basketball and Soccer Players. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:112. [PMID: 39051273 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
As athletes pursue excellence, training techniques continue to advance, making structured physical activity an essential tool for enhancing performance. To optimize athletic performance in modern competitive sports, the balance of physical performance and mental clarity is required. This study seeks to examine the effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on cognitive and physical skills in basketball and soccer players. A 3-week HIIT protocol was incorporated based on the Wingate technique. This study included 10 soccer players and 10 basketball players with an average age of 22.79 ± 1.90 years. Participants performed pre- and post-intervention assessments. Physical proficiency was assessed using 20 m sprint, change-of-direction (COD) and dribbling tests, while cognitive skills were assessed using motion object tracking (MOT), working memory, perceptual load (PL), and attention window (AW) tests. The HIIT intervention significantly improved cognitive performance in particular; noteworthy observations were a 15% improvement in motion object tracking test scores and a 16% increase in working memory test scores for basketball players. The attention window test scores showed a 32% increase, and perceptual load test scores were 31% decreased for soccer players post-intervention. There were significant improvements in physical skills; for example, sprint times were decreased by 6%, and change-of-direction and dribbling times were reduced by 8% and 7%, respectively, indicating improved agility, speed, and ball control abilities. In conclusion, both groups performed significantly better on cognitive and physical skill tests post-HIIT intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Shiraz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Salimei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Aracri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Di Lorenzo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Farsetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Attilio Parisi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Iellamo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caminiti
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Alfonso Perrone
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Wang B, Xie E, Liang P, Liu T, Zhu J, Qin G, Su X. Transforming performance: The impact of an 8-week complex training program on strength, power, and change of direction in female basketball athletes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38524. [PMID: 38875405 PMCID: PMC11175861 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effect of complex training on the strength, power, and change of direction (COD) performance of college female basketball athletes. METHODS This design used experimental and randomized studies. A total of 32 female basketball players volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly allocated to a complex training group (CT group: n = 16) and a resistance training group (RT group: n = 16). The CT group performed CT and the RT group completed RT for 8 weeks. The CT and RT programs were developed based on the linear periodization theory, which required participants to train 2 times a week in the first 4 weeks and 3 times a week in the following 4 weeks. All participants were tested using the 5-0-5 COD test, Illinois agility test (IAT), one-repetition maximum back squat (1RM BS) test, and countermovement jump (CMJ) test before and after the 8-week training period. RESULTS Two-way repeated measure ANOVA showed a significant group × time interaction for the 5-0-5 COD, IAT, 1RM BS, and CMJ results after the intervention compared with that before the intervention (P < .05) in the CT group (effect size = 0.86-4.04). CT compared with RT caused remarkably larger enhancements in the IAT (P < .001) and CMJ (P = .040) scores. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the implementation of CT could be a promising and innovative intervention for enhancing the strength, power, and COD performance of female basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Enli Xie
- Department of Sports Training, Nanjing Sport Institue, Nanjing, China
| | - Peigen Liang
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoyang Qin
- College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
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Steff N, Badau D, Badau A. Study on the Impact of Implementing an Exercise Program Using Fitlight Technology for the Development of Upper Limb Coordinative Abilities in Basketball Players. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3482. [PMID: 38894272 PMCID: PMC11174618 DOI: 10.3390/s24113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing a basketball-specific exercise program using Fitlight technology on the coordinative abilities (reactive coordination, reactive reaction time, and reactive movement combination capacity) of U14 and U16 junior basketball players. This study included 70 male basketball players, 36 subjects U14 and 34 subjects U16, divided into two equal groups for each age category: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). This study included an initial and a final test, between which, training was conducted over a period of 18 weeks. For the EG, the program aimed to develop coordinative abilities through an experimental program that utilized Fitlight technology, while the control groups underwent an identically timed program, but their training did not include the use of technology. Four tests were adapted and applied: the Reactive Reaction Test, Choice Reactive Reaction Test, Reactive Hand-Eye Coordination Test, and a test to evaluate the reactive capacity for combining movements. The results of this study showed statistically significant progress between the initial and final tests for the experimental group, p < 0.05. The Cohen's d values for the experimental groups were above 0.8, indicating a very large effect size, while for the control group, these values were small to medium. The comparative analysis of the experimental groups U14 and U16 and control groups shows statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental groups U14 and U16. This study highlights the effectiveness of implementing specific training programs that use modern technologies in developing coordinative abilities in the training and evaluation process of junior basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Steff
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania (A.B.)
- Petru Maior Faculty of Science and Letters, G.E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Mures, Romania
| | - Dana Badau
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania (A.B.)
| | - Adela Badau
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania (A.B.)
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Barrera-Domínguez FJ, Jones PA, Almagro BJ, Molina-López J. Determination of change of direction deficit thresholds across a spectrum of angles in basketball players. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:621-628. [PMID: 38739494 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2354624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Change of direction deficit (CODD) offers valuable insights into a player's balance between linear and multidirectional speed. However, there are still no established reference values for CODD. The objectives of this study were to determine CODD thresholds for various change of direction angles in basketball players according to gender and analyse the relationships between CODD and execution time in speed tests. One hundred and thirty basketball players (46% female; age: 23.7 ± 5.29 years; height: 189.1 ± 11.1 cm; body mass: 84.3 ± 15.7 kg) undertook 10-m linear and change of direction speed test at 45º, 90º and 180º. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted to standardise CODD thresholds and a one-way analysis of variance to identify the differences between clusters. The results revealed angulation-specific CODD thresholds, ranging from 3% to 8%, 17% to 25% and 43% to 51% for 45º, 90º and 180º cutting angles, respectively for the pooled sample. Furthermore, differences inter-clusters (p < 0.05) were observed for execution time at all cutting angles for both genders. Therefore, strength and conditioning coaches are encouraged to assess CODD as a highly valid variable for evaluating change of direction performance and to use current CODD thresholds to tailor training programmes according to each athlete's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Jones
- Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Bartolomé J Almagro
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, COIDESO, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jorge Molina-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, COIDESO, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Jòdar-Portas A, López-Ros V, Prats-Puig A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Madruga-Parera M, Romero-Rodríguez D, Gonzalo-Skok O, Sinclair G, Font-Lladó R. Validity and Reliability of the V-Cut Dribbling Test in Young Basketball Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:660-666. [PMID: 37185455 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Change of direction while dribbling appears to be of interest for on-court performance in basketball. The study aim was to assess the validity and reliability of the V-cut dribbling test (VcutBk) in young basketball players. METHODS Ninety-two young basketball players from 8 to 21 years old (74% male) were classified in relation to peak height velocity (PHV) offset. To examine validity and test-retest reliability, VcutBk was performed in 2 identical sessions separated by 1 week. Participants also performed the V-cut test and linear sprint test with and without dribbling to analyze correlations between tests in different somatic maturity stages. RESULTS The relationships of the VcutBk with the other tests and skill-time-related deficits were interpreted from large (r > .51) to very large (r > .71). The comparisons between pre-PHV and post-PHV groups of basketball players showed significant and large effect in the VcutBk (d = 2.04; mean difference = 2.59; 95% CI, 1.86 to 3.32). Also, significant main effects when comparing PHV groups were reported in all skill-time-related deficits (P < .001, ηp2=.13-.28, moderate to large effect size). Test-retest reliability and signal-to-noise ratio analysis did not show substantial between-trials differences in VcutBk. Reliability scores showed high intraclass correlation coefficient (.95) and low coefficient of variation (0.23%). CONCLUSIONS The VcutBk seems to be a valid and reliable test to assess change of direction while dribbling. VcutBk performance and skill-time-related deficits seem to be sensitive to somatic maturity. Basketball coaches should consider the VcutBk to assess young basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jòdar-Portas
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona,Spain
| | - Víctor López-Ros
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Girona, Girona,Spain
- Educational Research Institute, University of Girona, Girona,Spain
| | - Anna Prats-Puig
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona,Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), University of Girona, Girona,Spain
| | - José V Beltran-Garrido
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Amposta,Spain
- Department of Education and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana,Spain
| | - Marc Madruga-Parera
- International University of Catalonia, Physical Therapy Department, Barcelona,Spain
- FC Barcelona Second Team, Sport Performance Area, Barcelona, Spain; Sport Performance Area, FC Barcelona First Team, Barcelona,Spain
- reQ, Return to Play and Sports Training Center, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Daniel Romero-Rodríguez
- International University of Catalonia, Physical Therapy Department, Barcelona,Spain
- INNOVITY, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Oliver Gonzalo-Skok
- Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Department of Communication and Education, Seville,Spain
| | - Graham Sinclair
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona,Spain
| | - Raquel Font-Lladó
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona,Spain
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Warneke K, Wagner CM, Konrad A, Kadlubowski B, Sander A, Wirth K, Keiner M. The influence of age and sex on speed-strength performance in children between 10 and 14 years of age. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1092874. [PMID: 36895629 PMCID: PMC9989187 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1092874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Speed-strength performance is important during human movements such as jumping, sprinting, and change of direction (COD) tasks, which are a substantial part of sports practice. Sex and age seem to influence performance output in young persons; however, few studies have focused on the influence of sex and age measured via standard protocols of performance diagnostics. Method: Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age and sex on linear sprint (LS), COD sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, squat-jump (SJ) height, and drop-jump (DJ) height performance in untrained children and adolescents via a cross-sectional analysis. This study comprised 141 untrained male and female participants 10-14 years of age. Results: The results showed the influence of age in male participants on speed-strength performance, while in female participants, age did not significantly influence performance parameters. Moderate to high correlations between sprint and jump performance (r = 0.69-0.72), sprint and COD sprint performance (r = 0.58-0.72), and jump and COD sprint performance (r = 0.56-0.58) were found. Discussion: Based on the data from this study, it appears that the growth phase of age 10-14 does not necessarily lead to improvements in athletic performance. To ensure holistic motor development, female subjects in particular should be provided with specific training interventions with a focus on strength and power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Department for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Carl Maximilian Wagner
- Department of Training and Exercise Science, German University of Health and Sport, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Björn Kadlubowski
- Department of Training and Exercise Science, German University of Health and Sport, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andre Sander
- Department of Training and Exercise Science, German University of Health and Sport, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Wirth
- University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Michael Keiner
- Department of Training and Exercise Science, German University of Health and Sport, Berlin, Germany
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Change of Direction Deficit: A Promising Method to Measure a Change of Direction Ability in Adolescent Basketball Players. J Hum Kinet 2023; 85:1-11. [PMID: 36643838 PMCID: PMC9808811 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between vertical jumping performance, linear speed, change of direction speed (CODs) time and the COD deficit (CODD) in adolescent basketball players and to analyze the CODD between faster and slower players based on linear speed performance. Thirty-eight male basketball players (age: 15.47 ± 0.51 years; body height: 185.19 ± 5.67 cm; body mass: 71.87 ± 7.29 kg) completed countermovement jumps (CMJ) with and without an arm swing, squat jumps (SJs), linear sprints at 20 m with split times at 5 and 10 m, the pro-agility test and the zig-zag tests. Furthermore, the CODD was calculated as the difference between the 20 m linear speed result and CODs time in both COD tests. Pearson and Spearman analyses were used to determine the correlations between power-speed-related variables and the CODD. Moreover, independent t-tests and Cohen's d effect size (ES) were used to analyze the differences between the faster and slower players in the CODD. Moderate to strong significant negative correlations were observed between the CODD in the pro-agility test and linear speed at 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m (r = -0.55 to -0.46), while moderate negative significant correlation was found between the zig-zag CODD and SJs (r = -0.37) as well as small positive significant correlation between the CODD in the zig-zag test and the eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) (r = 0.23). Additionally, faster basketball players displayed significantly higher CODD values performing the pro-agility test. In summary, these findings underline the complexity of COD performance and the importance of remodeling traditional training programs in basketball players.
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Popowczak M, Horička P, Šimonek J, Domaradzki J. The Functional Form of the Relationship between Body Height, Body Mass Index and Change of Direction Speed, Agility in Elite Female Basketball and Handball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15038. [PMID: 36429756 PMCID: PMC9690803 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the functional form of the relationship between two anthropometric measurements-body height (BH) and body mass index (BMI)-and two motor abilities-change of direction speed (CODS) and agility (AG)-in female elite basketball and handball players. It was hypothesized that BH and BMI might be significantly associated with AG and CODS. Two scenarios of the Five-Time Shuttle Run to Gates test (planned and unplanned) were used to evaluate the CODS and AG. Two forms of models were built to assess functional forms of the relationships between CODS and AG vs. BH and BMI: simple linear regression and binomial curvilinear regression for each type of team sport. The results confirmed the relationships between both anthropometric measurements and motor abilities only in HB, whereas in BB only a significant relationship was noted between BH and AG. Moreover, two curvilinear functional forms of the relationship were identified: inverted L-shape and inverted U-shape. Therefore, it was concluded that the first form of function indicated an initially proportional relationship between anthropometric measurement and motor test results and plateau after reaching a certain value of the BH or BMI. Similarly, the second form of function indicated the peak value of the BH or BMI which is threshold for the value of the anthropometric measurement when a progressive effect in the functional feature occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Popowczak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pavol Horička
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 94901 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jaromir Šimonek
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 94901 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jarosław Domaradzki
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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López-Samanes Á, Ramos-Álvarez JJ, Miguel-Tobal F, Gaos S, Jodra P, Arranz-Muñoz R, Domínguez R, Montoya JJ. Influence of Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Neuromuscular Performance on Semi-Professional Female Rugby Players: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223614. [PMID: 36429210 PMCID: PMC9689822 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Beetroot juice (BRJ) is considered an ergogenic aid with good to strong evidence for improving human performance in sport modalities with similar demands to rugby. However, most of the studies were realized in male athletes with limited evidence in female athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the acute ingestion of BRJ in female rugby players. METHODS Fourteen semi-professional female rugby players (25.0 ± 3.7 years) belonging to a team from the First Spanish Female Rugby Division participated in this study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups that realized a neuromuscular battery after BRJ (140mL, 12.8 mmol NO3-) or placebo (PLAC, 140 mL, 0.08 mmol NO3-) ingestion on two different days separated by one week between protocols. The neuromuscular test battery consisted of a countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric handgrip strength (i.e., dominant), 10-m and 30-m sprint, agility t-test and Bronco test. Afterwards, participants reported a rate of perception scale (6-20 points) and side effects questionnaire associated with BRJ or PLAC ingestion. RESULTS Statistically significant improvements were observed in CMJ (7.7%; p = 0.029; ES = 0.62), while no differences were reported in dominant isometric handgrip strength (-1.7%; p = 0.274; ES = -0.20); 10-m and 30-m sprint (0.5-0.8%; p = 0.441-0.588; ES = 0.03-0.18); modified agility t-test (-0.6%; p = 0.503; ES = -0.12) and Bronco test (1.94%; p = 0.459; ES = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS BRJ ingestion could improve neuromuscular performance in the CMJ test, while no differences in sprint (10-m and 30-m sprint test), agility, isometric handgrip strength and endurance performance (i.e., Bronco test) were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro López-Samanes
- Exercise Physiology Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiotherapy, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos-Álvarez
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Sport Medicine, Madrid Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913-947-088
| | - Francisco Miguel-Tobal
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Sport Medicine, Madrid Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Gaos
- Exercise Physiology Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiotherapy, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Jodra
- Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Alcalá, 19001 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Raquel Arranz-Muñoz
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Sport Medicine, Madrid Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Studies Research Group in Neuromuscular Responses (GEPREN), University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Juan José Montoya
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Sport Medicine, Madrid Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Brini S, Boullosa D, Calleja-González J, van den Hoek DJ, Nobari H, Clemente FM. Impact of combined versus single-mode training programs based on drop jump and specific multidirectional repeated sprint on bio-motor ability adaptations: a parallel study design in professional basketball players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:160. [PMID: 36002872 PMCID: PMC9404599 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Jumping and specific multidirectional repeated sprint ability are important in basketball. The objective of this study was to assess the contributions of 8-week combined versus single-mode training programs based on drop jump (DJ) and specific multidirectional repeated sprint (MRSA) on repeated sprint ability performances, body balance and lower limbs power in male professional basketball players. Methods This study followed a randomized parallel study design. Fifty-two professional male basketball players from the Tunisian first division participated in this study. The players were randomly assigned to 4 groups: DJ group (JG; n = 13), MRSA group (RSG; n = 13), combined group (COMB; n = 13) and an active control group (CON; n = 13). The JG, RSG and COMB groups completed the 8-week training programs with 2 sessions per week while the CON continues their regular basketball training. Training volume was similar between groups all over the experimental period. Before and after the intervention, the four groups were evaluated for the stork test, Y-balance test, the repeated sprint ability test (IRSA5COD), the squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests, the single leg drop jump test, the five time-jump test and T—change of direction (CoD) test. Results All measures displayed significant main effect, (medium/small) magnitude (effect size) improvements for time (post-test > pre-test) except the physiological parameters for IRSA5COD. Significant time × group interactions were revealed for body balance, T test, IRSA5COD (total time and best time) and jump tests (vertical/horizontal). Bonferroni corrected post-hoc tests revealed significant greater improvement in favor of RSG and COMB compared to JG for body balance, CoD and IRSA5COD. Moreover, greater improvement in CMJ, SJ and single leg DJ in favor of JG compared to the RSG. In addition, a greater CoD improvement was observed in favor of COMB when compared to the RSG. Conclusion Combined and single-mode training programs based on DJ and MRSA contributed to a significantly better performance in specific basketball physical fitness parameters with results favoring combined interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-022-00551-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seifeddine Brini
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.,College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01007, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel J van den Hoek
- School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran. .,Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068, Braşov, Romania. .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto E Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial eComercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ryan C, Uthoff A, McKenzie C, Cronin J. Traditional and Modified 5-0-5 Change of Direction Test: Normative and Reliability Analysis. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Smajla D, Kozinc Ž, Šarabon N. Associations between lower limb eccentric muscle capability and change of direction speed in basketball and tennis players. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13439. [PMID: 35646491 PMCID: PMC9135034 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to perform a quick and rapid change of direction (CoD) is an important determinant of success in a variety of sports. Previous studies have already highlighted that eccentric strength is a dominant predictor of CoD. However, these studies evaluated eccentric strength through a limited number of outcome measures and used small sample sizes. Methods A total of 196 athletes participated in the study. The aim of our study was to investigate: (1) the correlation between eccentric outcome measures derived from different tests (Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE), countermovement jump (CMJ) and flywheel (FW) squats), (2) the association between eccentric outcome measures and CoD 90°, CoD 180°; and (3) proportion of explained variance in CoD performance. Results Very large associations (r = 0.783, p < 0.001) were observed between peak torque during NHE (NHEPT) and force impulse during the eccentric phase of CMJ (CMJFI). Small to moderate correlations were calculated between peak eccentric force in flywheel squats and peak eccentric force in CMJ (r = 0.220-035, p < 0002). All eccentric CMJ outcome measures and NHEPT were reported as moderate negative associations with both CoD tests. Eccentric measures explained 25.1% of the variance in CoD 90° (CMJPF, NHEPT, F0.125 -peak eccentric force during FW squats with 0.125 kg m2 load), while the same outcome measures explained 37.4% of the variance for CoD 180°. Conclusion Our results suggest that different measures of eccentric strength specifically contribute to CoD performance. Therefore, for successful CoD performance, different aspects of eccentric strength training should be considered in testing and training (maximal eccentric strength, eccentric-concentric actions with fast execution).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darjan Smajla
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia,Innorenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia,Innorenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia,S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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