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Shereen MA, Ahmad A, Khan H, Satti SM, Kazmi A, Bashir N, Shehroz M, Hussain S, Ilyas M, Khan MI, Niyazi HA, Zouidi F. Plant extract preparation and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Swertia chirata: Characterization and antimicrobial activity against selected human pathogens. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28038. [PMID: 38524534 PMCID: PMC10957427 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicinal plants have been used for centuries in traditional medicine, and it is interesting to see how modern research has identified the active compounds responsible for their therapeutic effects. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using herbal medicinal plants, such as Swertia chirata, is particularly noteworthy due to its antimicrobial properties. In the current study, the Swertia chirata plant was collected for the first time from the region of Murree, Punjab, Pakistan. After collection, extracts were prepared in different solvents (ethanol, methanol, chloroform, and distilled water), and silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate (AgNO3). The UV-visible spectrophotometer, SEM, and EDX were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles in terms of their size and shape. The phytochemical analysis of crude extract was performed to determine the presence of different kinds of phytochemicals. The antibacterial activity of plant extracts and the silver nanoparticles were then assessed using the agar well diffusion method against various pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that the plant contains several phytochemicals with remarkable antioxidant potential. The antibacterial analysis revealed that silver nanoparticles and the plant extracts exhibited a significant zone of inhibition against human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, S. capitis, B. subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as compared to the cefixime and norfloxacin. This implies that the nanoparticles have the potential to be used in nano-medicine applications, such as drug delivery systems, as well as for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Additionally, the development and application of materials and technologies at the nanometer scale opens possibilities for the creation of novel drugs and therapies. Overall, the study highlights the promising potential of herbal medicinal plants found in Murree, Punjab, Pakistan, and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles in various fields of medicine and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Hashir Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Mehmood Satti
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
- Alpha Genomics (Pvt), PWD Society, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Kazmi
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Nadia Bashir
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shehroz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Department of Botany, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - M. Ijaz Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Kraytem, 1102-2801, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hatoon A. Niyazi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ferjeni Zouidi
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Muhayil Asser, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
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Masztalerz K, Łyczko J, Lech K. Effect of Filtrated Osmotic Solution Based on Concentrated Chokeberry Juice and Mint Extract on the Drying Kinetics, Energy Consumption and Physicochemical Properties of Dried Apples. Molecules 2021; 26:3274. [PMID: 34071647 PMCID: PMC8197958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filtration of osmotic solution affects selective penetration during osmotic dehydration (OD), and after drying is finished, this can influence the chemical composition of the material, which is also modified by OD. METHODS Osmotic dehydration was carried out in filtrated and non-filtrated concentrated chokeberry juice with the addition of mint infusion. Then, this underwent convective drying, vacuum-microwave drying and combined convective pre-drying, followed by vacuum-microwave finishing drying. Drying kinetics were presented and mathematical models were selected. The specific energy consumption for each drying method was calculated and the energy efficiency was determined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The study revealed that filtration of osmotic solution did not have significant effect on drying kinetics; however, it affected selective penetration during OD. The highest specific energy consumption was obtained for the samples treated by convective drying (CD) (around 170 kJ·g-1 fresh weight (fw)) and the lowest for the samples treated by vacuum-microwave drying (VMD) (around 30 kJ·g-1 fw), which is due to the differences in the time of drying and when these methods are applied. CONCLUSIONS Filtration of the osmotic solution can be used to obtain the desired material after drying and the VMD method is the most appropriate considering both phenolic acid content and the energy aspect of drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Masztalerz
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37-41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Jacek Łyczko
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Lech
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37-41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
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