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Shereen MA, Ahmad A, Khan H, Satti SM, Kazmi A, Bashir N, Shehroz M, Hussain S, Ilyas M, Khan MI, Niyazi HA, Zouidi F. Plant extract preparation and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Swertia chirata: Characterization and antimicrobial activity against selected human pathogens. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28038. [PMID: 38524534 PMCID: PMC10957427 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicinal plants have been used for centuries in traditional medicine, and it is interesting to see how modern research has identified the active compounds responsible for their therapeutic effects. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using herbal medicinal plants, such as Swertia chirata, is particularly noteworthy due to its antimicrobial properties. In the current study, the Swertia chirata plant was collected for the first time from the region of Murree, Punjab, Pakistan. After collection, extracts were prepared in different solvents (ethanol, methanol, chloroform, and distilled water), and silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate (AgNO3). The UV-visible spectrophotometer, SEM, and EDX were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles in terms of their size and shape. The phytochemical analysis of crude extract was performed to determine the presence of different kinds of phytochemicals. The antibacterial activity of plant extracts and the silver nanoparticles were then assessed using the agar well diffusion method against various pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that the plant contains several phytochemicals with remarkable antioxidant potential. The antibacterial analysis revealed that silver nanoparticles and the plant extracts exhibited a significant zone of inhibition against human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, S. capitis, B. subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as compared to the cefixime and norfloxacin. This implies that the nanoparticles have the potential to be used in nano-medicine applications, such as drug delivery systems, as well as for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Additionally, the development and application of materials and technologies at the nanometer scale opens possibilities for the creation of novel drugs and therapies. Overall, the study highlights the promising potential of herbal medicinal plants found in Murree, Punjab, Pakistan, and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles in various fields of medicine and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Hashir Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Mehmood Satti
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
- Alpha Genomics (Pvt), PWD Society, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Kazmi
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Nadia Bashir
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shehroz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Department of Botany, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - M. Ijaz Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Kraytem, 1102-2801, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hatoon A. Niyazi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ferjeni Zouidi
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Muhayil Asser, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
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Satti SM, Castro-Aguirre E, Shah AA, Marsh TL, Auras R. Genome Annotation of Poly(lactic acid) Degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sphingobacterium sp. and Geobacillus sp. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147385. [PMID: 34299026 PMCID: PMC8305213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Sphingobacterium sp. are well known for their ability to decontaminate many environmental pollutants while Geobacillus sp. have been exploited for their thermostable enzymes. This study reports the annotation of genomes of P. aeruginosa S3, Sphingobacterium S2 and Geobacillus EC-3 that were isolated from compost, based on their ability to degrade poly(lactic acid), PLA. Draft genomes of the strains were assembled from Illumina reads, annotated and viewed with the aim of gaining insight into the genetic elements involved in degradation of PLA. The draft genome of Sphinogobacterium strain S2 (435 contigs) was estimated at 5,604,691 bp and the draft genome of P. aeruginosa strain S3 (303 contigs) was estimated at 6,631,638 bp. The draft genome of the thermophile Geobacillus strain EC-3 (111 contigs) was estimated at 3,397,712 bp. A total of 5385 (60% with annotation), 6437 (80% with annotation) and 3790 (74% with annotation) protein-coding genes were predicted for strains S2, S3 and EC-3, respectively. Catabolic genes for the biodegradation of xenobiotics, aromatic compounds and lactic acid as well as the genes attributable to the establishment and regulation of biofilm were identified in all three draft genomes. Our results reveal essential genetic elements that facilitate PLA metabolism at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures in these three isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Mehmood Satti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (A.A.S.)
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1223, USA;
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Shamasabad, Muree Road, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Edgar Castro-Aguirre
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1223, USA;
- Kraft Heinz Company, Glenview, IL 60025-4312, USA
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Terence L. Marsh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1223, USA
- Correspondence: (T.L.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Rafael Auras
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1223, USA;
- Correspondence: (T.L.M.); (R.A.)
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Satti SM, Shah AA. Polyester-based biodegradable plastics: an approach towards sustainable development. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 70:413-430. [PMID: 32086820 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-degradability of conventional plastics, filling of landfill sites, raising water and land pollution and rapid depletion of fossil resources have raised the environmental issues and global concerns. The current demand and production of plastics is putting immense pressure on fossil resources, consuming about 6% of the global oil and is expected to grow up to 20%. The polyester-based biodegradable plastics (BPs) are considered as a remedy to the issue of plastics waste in the environment. BPs appear to manage the overflow of plastics by providing new means of waste management system and help in securing the non-renewable resources of nature. This review comprehensively presents the environmental burdens due to conventional plastics as well as production of polyester-based BPs as an alternative to conventional commodity plastics. The diversity of micro-organisms and their enzymes that degrade various polyester-based BPs (PLA, PCL, PHB/PHBV and PET) has also been described in detail. Moreover, the impact of plastics degradation products on soil ecology and ecosystem functions has critically been discussed. The report ends with special focus on future recommendations for the development of sustainable waste management strategies to control pollution due to plastics waste. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Polyester-based BPs considered as a solution to current plastic waste problem as well as leading polymers in terms of biodegradability and sustainability has been critically discussed. The role of microorganisms and their enzymes involved in the biodegradation of these polymers and ecotoxicological impact of degradation products of BPs on soil microbial community and biogeochemical cycles has also been described. This report will provide an insight on the key research areas to bridge the gap for development of simulated systems as an effective and emerging strategy to divert the overflow of plastic in the environment as well as for the greener solution to the plastic waste management problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Satti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - A A Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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