1
|
Shereen MA, Ahmad A, Khan H, Satti SM, Kazmi A, Bashir N, Shehroz M, Hussain S, Ilyas M, Khan MI, Niyazi HA, Zouidi F. Plant extract preparation and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Swertia chirata: Characterization and antimicrobial activity against selected human pathogens. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28038. [PMID: 38524534 PMCID: PMC10957427 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicinal plants have been used for centuries in traditional medicine, and it is interesting to see how modern research has identified the active compounds responsible for their therapeutic effects. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using herbal medicinal plants, such as Swertia chirata, is particularly noteworthy due to its antimicrobial properties. In the current study, the Swertia chirata plant was collected for the first time from the region of Murree, Punjab, Pakistan. After collection, extracts were prepared in different solvents (ethanol, methanol, chloroform, and distilled water), and silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate (AgNO3). The UV-visible spectrophotometer, SEM, and EDX were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles in terms of their size and shape. The phytochemical analysis of crude extract was performed to determine the presence of different kinds of phytochemicals. The antibacterial activity of plant extracts and the silver nanoparticles were then assessed using the agar well diffusion method against various pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that the plant contains several phytochemicals with remarkable antioxidant potential. The antibacterial analysis revealed that silver nanoparticles and the plant extracts exhibited a significant zone of inhibition against human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, S. capitis, B. subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as compared to the cefixime and norfloxacin. This implies that the nanoparticles have the potential to be used in nano-medicine applications, such as drug delivery systems, as well as for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Additionally, the development and application of materials and technologies at the nanometer scale opens possibilities for the creation of novel drugs and therapies. Overall, the study highlights the promising potential of herbal medicinal plants found in Murree, Punjab, Pakistan, and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles in various fields of medicine and nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Hashir Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Mehmood Satti
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
- Alpha Genomics (Pvt), PWD Society, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Kazmi
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Nadia Bashir
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shehroz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Department of Botany, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - M. Ijaz Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Kraytem, 1102-2801, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hatoon A. Niyazi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ferjeni Zouidi
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Muhayil Asser, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kamaraj C, Ragavendran C, Prem P, Naveen Kumar S, Ali A, Kazmi A, Ullah A, Chandra Satish Kumar R, Khan SU, Luna-Arias JP, Mashwani ZUR, Balasubramani G, Rehman SU. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Traditional Antimalarial and Antidengue Plants: A Mechanistic Perspective. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2023; 2023:1860084. [PMID: 37927532 PMCID: PMC10625492 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1860084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Malaria, a highly perilous infectious disease, impacted approximately 230 million individuals globally in 2019. Mosquitoes, vectors of over 10% of worldwide diseases, pose a significant public health menace. The pressing need for novel antimalarial drugs arises due to the imminent threat faced by nearly 40% of the global population and the escalating resistance of parasites to current treatments. This study comprehensively addresses prevalent parasitic and viral illnesses transmitted by mosquitoes, leading to the annual symptomatic infections of 400 million individuals, placing 100 million at constant risk of contracting these diseases. Extensive investigations underscore the pivotal role of traditional plants as rich sources for pioneering pharmaceuticals. The latter half of this century witnessed the ascent of bioactive compounds within traditional medicine, laying the foundation for modern therapeutic breakthroughs. Herbal medicine, notably influential in underdeveloped or developing nations, remains an essential healthcare resource. Traditional Indian medical systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani, with a history of successful outcomes, highlight the potential of these methodologies. Current scrutiny of Indian medicinal herbs reveals their promise as cutting-edge drug reservoirs. The propensity of plant-derived compounds to interact with biological receptors positions them as prime candidates for drug development. Yet, a comprehensive perspective is crucial. While this study underscores the promise of plant-based compounds as therapeutic agents against malaria and dengue fever, acknowledging the intricate complexities of drug development and the challenges therein are imperative. The journey from traditional remedies to contemporary medical applications is multifaceted and warrants prudent consideration. This research aspires to offer invaluable insights into the management of malaria and dengue fever. By unveiling plant-based compounds with potential antimalarial and antiviral properties, this study aims to contribute to disease control. In pursuit of this goal, a thorough understanding of the mechanistic foundations of traditional antimalarial and antidengue plants opens doors to novel therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600-77, India
| | - Pradisha Prem
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulatur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvam Naveen Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulatur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amir Ali
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco C.P.07360, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Kazmi
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Root Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Rajappan Chandra Satish Kumar
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Safir Ullah Khan
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco C.P.07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Pedro Luna-Arias
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco C.P.07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zia-Ur-Rehman Mashwani
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Govindhasamy Balasubramani
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saeed A, Ali H, Yasmin A, Baig M, Ullah A, Kazmi A, Ahmed MA, Albadrani GM, El-Demerdash FM, Bibi M, Abdel-Daim MM, Ali I, Hussain S. Unveiling the Antibiotic Susceptibility and Antimicrobial Potential of Bacteria from Human Breast Milk of Pakistani Women: An Exploratory Study. Biomed Res Int 2023; 2023:6399699. [PMID: 37377461 PMCID: PMC10292949 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6399699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Human life quality and expectancy have increased dramatically over the past 5 decades because of improvements in nutrition and antibiotic's usage fighting against infectious diseases. Yet, it was soon revealed that the microbes adapted to develop resistance to any of the drugs that were used. Recently, there is great concern that commensal bacteria from food and the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals could act as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes. Methodology. This study was intended for evaluating the phenotypic antibiotic resistance/sensitivity profiles of probiotic bacteria from human breast milk and evaluating the inhibitory effect of the probiotic bacteria against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Results The results point out that some of the isolated bacteria were resistant to diverse antibiotics including gentamycin, imipenem, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, and nalidixic acid. Susceptibility profile to certain antibiotics like vancomycin, tetracycline, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, rifampicin, and bacitracin was also observed. The antimicrobial qualities of cell-free supernatants of some probiotic bacteria inhibited the growth of indicator bacteria. Also, antimicrobial properties of the probiotic bacteria from the present study attributed to the production of organic acid, bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons (BATH), salt aggregation, coaggregation with pathogens, and bacteriocin production. Some isolated bacteria from human milk displayed higher hydrophobicity in addition to intrinsic probiotic properties like Gram-positive classification, catalase-negative activity, resistance to gastric juice (pH 2), and bile salt (0.3%) concentration. Conclusion This study has added to the data of the antibiotic and antimicrobial activity of some probiotic bacteria from some samples of Pakistani women breast milk. Probiotic bacteria are usually considered to decrease gastrointestinal tract diseases by adhering to the gut epithelial and reducing population of pathogens and in the case of Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620 in terms of hydrophobicity and exclusion of indicator pathogenic strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Saeed
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hina Ali
- Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Baig
- Surgical Unit II, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Root Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
| | - Abeer Kazmi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma M. El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Monaza Bibi
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh 19120, Pakistan
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sadam Hussain
- University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shafiq M, Zafar S, Ahmad A, Kazmi A, Fatima A, Mujahid TA, Qazi R, Akhter N, Shahzad A, Rehman SU, Shereen MA, Hyder MZ. Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Outcome in HIV-Infected Patients Coinfected with Tuberculosis in Pakistan. Biomed Res Int 2023; 2023:4187488. [PMID: 37124927 PMCID: PMC10132892 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4187488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) infected patients is considered a risk of antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure. Coadministration of antitubercular therapy (ATT) with ART is another challenge for TB management. Objective The study was aimed at investigating contributing factors affecting treatment outcomes in HIV-/TB-coinfected patients. Design Cross-sectional. Setting. Samples were collected from the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital Islamabad. Subject and Methods. Clinicodemographic and immunovirological factors between the two groups were compared. The Student t-test and chi-square test were applied to compare outcome variables, and logistic regression was applied to determine the effect of TB on virological failure (VF). Main Outcome Measures. TB coinfection did not increase VF even in univariate (p = 0.974) and multivariate analysis at 6 and 12 months of 2nd-line ART start. ARV switching was significant (p = 0.033) in TB-coinfected patients. VF was significantly high in ATT-coadministered patients along with a viral load of ≥1000 (p = 0.000). Sample Size and Characteristics. We recruited seventy-four HIV patients on 2nd-line ART; 33 coinfected with TB were followed for at least 12 months. Conclusion In HIV-/TB-coinfected patients, CD4 count, CD4 gain, and VF remained comparable to HIV patients with no TB infection. ATT significantly affects the treatment outcome, suggesting drug-to-drug interactions. These factors are important to revisit the therapeutic guidelines to maximize the benefit of dual therapy in resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Zafar
- Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Kazmi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Alina Fatima
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanvir Ahmed Mujahid
- Dermatology Department, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Kharian, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Qazi
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Science (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Akhter
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Science (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saeed A, Yasmin A, Baig M, Khan K, Heyat MBB, Akhtar F, Batool Z, Kazmi A, Wahab A, Shahid M, Ahmed MA, Abbas S, Muaad AY, Shahzad A, Ahmad I. Isolation and Characterization of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactococcus lactis, and Carnobacterium divergens as Potential Probiotic Bacteria from Fermented Black and Green Olives ( Olea europaea): An Exploratory Study. Biomed Res Int 2023; 2023:8726320. [PMID: 37152587 PMCID: PMC10156456 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8726320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Table olives are becoming well recognized as a source of probiotic bacteria that might be used to create a health-promoting fermented food product by traditional procedures based on the activities of indigenous microbial consortia present in local environments. Methodology. In the present study, the characterization of probiotic bacteria isolated from mince, chunks, and brine of fermented green and black olives (Olea europaea) was done based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. Results Bacterial isolates demonstrated excellent survival abilities at 25, 37, and 45°C and at a variable range of pH. However, the optimum temperature is 37 and the optimum pH is 7 for all three isolates. An antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was found among these isolates through the disc diffusion method. Most of the isolates were susceptible to streptomycin, imipenem, and chloramphenicol, whereas, amoxicillin showed resistance to these isolates, and variable results were recorded for the rest of the antibiotics tested. The growth of the isolates was optimum with the supplementation of 3% NaCl and 0.3% bile salt. The isolated bacteria were able to ferment skimmed milk into yogurt, hence making it capable of producing organic acid. Conclusion Isolates of Lactobacillus crispatus MB417, Lactococcus lactis MB418 from black olives, and Carnobacterium divergens MB421 from green olives were characterized as potential candidates for use as starter cultures to induce fermentation of other probiotic food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Saeed
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Baig
- Surgical Unit II, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Khan
- Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Centre, Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Md Belal Bin Heyat
- IOT Research Centre, College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Centre for VLSI and Embedded System Technologies, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032, India
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Faijan Akhtar
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zahra Batool
- Institute of Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Abeer Kazmi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Abdul Wahab
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Brucellosis Section, Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Sidra Abbas
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Amir Shahzad
- Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad
- Medical Officer, Regional Health Centre (RHC), Qadirabad, Tehsil Kot Chutta, District Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ehsan M, Waheed A, Ullah A, Kazmi A, Ali A, Raja NI, Mashwani ZUR, Sultana T, Mustafa N, Ikram M, Li H. Plant-Based Bimetallic Silver-Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Perspective of Synthesis, Biomedical Applications, and Future Trends. Biomed Res Int 2022; 2022:1215183. [PMID: 35535038 PMCID: PMC9078794 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1215183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The universal emphasis on the study of green nanotechnology has led to biologically harmless uses of wide-ranged nanomaterials. Nanotechnology deals with the production of nanosized particles with regular morphology and properties. Various researches have been directed on nanomaterial synthesis by physical, chemical, and biological means. Understanding the safety of both environment and in vivo, a biogenic approach particularly plant-derived synthesis is the best strategy. Silver-zinc oxide nanoparticles are most effective. Moreover, these engineered nanomaterials via morphological modifications attain improved performance in antimicrobial, biomedical, environmental, and therapeutic applications. This article evaluates manufacturing strategies for silver-zinc oxide nanoparticles via plant-derived means along with highlighting their broad range of uses in bionanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ehsan
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Abeer Kazmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, Pakistan
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Hydrobiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Amir Ali
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Iqbal Raja
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Tahira Sultana
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nilofar Mustafa
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Huanyong Li
- Binzhou Vocational College, Binzhou 256603, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moussa A, Kazmi A, Bokhari L, Sinclair RD. Reply to: Comment on "Bicalutamide improves minoxidil induced hypertrichosis in female pattern hair loss: a retrospective review of 35 patients". J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:e31-e32. [PMID: 35304166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Moussa
- Sinclair Dermatology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - A Kazmi
- Sinclair Dermatology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Bokhari
- Sinclair Dermatology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R D Sinclair
- Sinclair Dermatology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alyas EJ, Rafiq A, Amir H, Khan SU, Sultana T, Ali A, Hameed A, Ahmad I, Kazmi A, Sajid T, Ahmad A. Human Insulin: History, Recent Advances, and Expression Systems for Mass Production. Biomed Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v8i9.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
9
|
Bashir N, Adnan Shereen M, Kazmi A, Sajid M, Ullah H. A retrospective analysis of pyogenic liver abscess and antibiotic resistivity of common pathogens in Peshawar. Biomed Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v7i12.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a rare but life-threatening disease, with a frequency ranging from 10.83 to 17.45 per 100,000 persons. The major cause of PLA is bacterial infection of liver parenchyma. The present research study was designed to investigate the common microbes causing PLA in Peshawar (Pakistan) and to evaluate a variety of the most capable and efficient antibiotics for treatment of PLA.
Methods: A 7-year (2012 - 2018) retrospective demographic study of medical records of all PLA patients (n = 379) admitted to the Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) and Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH) was initially performed. The demographic study was followed by biochemical tests and antibiotic resistivity tests of microorganisms, isolated from available samples and selected from literature using web services.
Results & Conclusion: The demographic data revealed that 70% of the PLA patients were under the age of 50, with male predominance (male to female ratio of 3:1). It was concluded that K. pneumonia, poly-microbes (K. pneumonia and Citrobacter), and E. coli are the most common microbes involved in causing PLA in the population of Peshawar. E.coli, Citrobacter and K. pneumonia were sensitive to Cefixime and Ciprofloxacin (100% sensitivity rate), but showed significant resistance against Amoxycillin, Oxacillin and Fusidic Acid. It is, therefore, prudent to practice susceptibility-directed antibiotic therapy.
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Shereen MA, Ullah H, Khan S, Bashir N, Kazmi A, Saif K, Qudus MS. COVID-19 around the world and the Chinese strategy to cope with SARS-CoV-2. Biomed Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v7i7.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a zoonotic virus, emerged in China causes Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Senior citizens and people with co-infections, genetic diseases, immune-compromised states, and cardiovascular diseases are at higher risk. There is no approved vaccine or drug available to treat COVID-19, although a few antivirals, interferon, and other drugs have reduced viral load in infected patients. However, these drugs have not been significantly effective in European countries. More than 40 different strains of SARS-CoV-2 have been detected in various parts of the world; they might have adapted themselves to the environmental conditions and have become resistant to therapeutic strategies. Many developed and developing countries are facing shortages of surgical masks and other protection tools. So far, the strategies developed by Chinese authorities have efficiently mitigated the SARS-CoV-2 transmission and limited mortality rate to less than 4%, with more than 78,000 people recovered from COVID-19. This review article highlights the pandemic conditions in different parts of the world, as well as possible reasons behind minimal COVID-19 infections and the high mortality rates. It will discuss information about China’s strategies to cope with SARS-CoV-2 which can help other countries to mitigate viral spread and infection.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarize and comparatively analyze the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection and previous human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We also discuss the approaches for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Shereen
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Suliman Khan
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Abeer Kazmi
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Nadia Bashir
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Rabeea Siddique
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shereen MA, Khan S, Kazmi A, Bashir N, Siddique R. COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. J Adv Res 2020; 24:91-98. [PMID: 32257431 PMCID: PMC7113610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1549] [Impact Index Per Article: 387.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarize and comparatively analyze the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection and previous human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We also discuss the approaches for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Shereen
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Suliman Khan
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Abeer Kazmi
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Nadia Bashir
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Rabeea Siddique
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shereen MA, Kazmi A. SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: causes and current situation, historical lessons, and strategical therapeutic interventions. Biomed Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v7i5.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused an initial outbreak in China, now has 40 strains with infections in more than 200 countries worldwide, according to scientists. To date, 4,121,777 people have become infected and 280,868 people died as a result of corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), with many patients still under critical condition. The SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically similar to SARS-like bat viruses and, thus, bats can be a key host for SARS-CoV-2. Many viruses have been transmitted to humans due to the consumption of wild birds and animals as a food source. The lack of vaccine, improper containment, and diagnostic strategies by various countries have converted COVID-19 into a global pandemic. The lockdown conditions in developing countries may produce economic crises. COVID-19 patients can suffer from mental distress, partly resulting from quarantine restrictions, and therefore, there is dire need for mental counseling. The combination of previously used broad-spectrum antibiotics, antiviral and anti-parasite agents, and interferon have reduced viral infection at higher and frequent doses. Many patients have been discharged after clinical recovery, though COVID-19 can still leave severe adverse effects on patients. The use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has led to recovery of 90% of COVID-19 patients in China. The current review article highlights the current situation, the major causes which have led to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as strategical interventions to control the pandemic and cure infected patients.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kazmi A, Khan MA, Ali H. Biotechnological approaches for production of bioactive secondary metabolites in Nigella sativa:¬ an up-to-date review. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 2019. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.575075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
16
|
Deakin J, Chaudhry I, Parker A, Dunn G, Kazmi A, Drake R, Ur Rahman R, Hamirani M, Kiran T, Mehmood N, Husain N. Therapeutic Trials of Minocycline, Ondansetron and Simvastatin in Schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
17
|
Chaudhry I, Husain N, Drake R, Dunn G, Husain M, Kazmi A, Hamirani M, Rahman R, Stirling J, Deakin J. EPA-1435 - Add-on clinical effects of simvastatin and ondansetron in patients with schizophrenia stabilized on antipsychotic treatment: Pilot study. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
18
|
Abstract
A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist, mecamylamine (MEC), was administered to rabbits tested on eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC) in the 750-ms delay paradigm for 10 90-trial sessions. Nicotinic receptors were measured in 3 brain regions in 5 treatment groups: paired conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) presentations with (a) vehicle, young; (b) vehicle, older; (c) 0.5 mg/kg MEC, young; unpaired CS-US with (d) 0.5 mg/kg MEC, young; and (e) vehicle, young. Daily MEC injections disrupted acquisition in young rabbits (769 trials to learning criterion vs. 323 trials for vehicle-treated young rabbits). MEC-treated young rabbits learned similarly to older rabbits. Brain nicotinic receptors were not affected by 10 daily MEC injections. To our knowledge, this experimental protocol, using a low MEC dose to selectively inhibit nicotinic cholinergic receptors, is the first to demonstrate a role for nicotinic cholinergic receptors in EBCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Woodruff-Pak
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist, mecamylamine (MEC), was administered to rabbits tested on eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC) in the 750-ms delay paradigm for 10 90-trial sessions. Nicotinic receptors were measured in 3 brain regions in 5 treatment groups: paired conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) presentations with (a) vehicle, young; (b) vehicle, older; (c) 0.5 mg/kg MEC, young; unpaired CS-US with (d) 0.5 mg/kg MEC, young; and (e) vehicle, young. Daily MEC injections disrupted acquisition in young rabbits (769 trials to learning criterion vs. 323 trials for vehicle-treated young rabbits). MEC-treated young rabbits learned similarly to older rabbits. Brain nicotinic receptors were not affected by 10 daily MEC injections. To our knowledge, this experimental protocol, using a low MEC dose to selectively inhibit nicotinic cholinergic receptors, is the first to demonstrate a role for nicotinic cholinergic receptors in EBCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Woodruff-Pak
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|