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Meier M, Kazmir-Lysak K, Kälin I, Torgerson PR, Ringer SK. The influence of hypoxaemia, hypotension and hypercapnia (among other factors) on quality of recovery from general anaesthesia in horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:135-143. [PMID: 38331674 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of hypoxaemia, hypotension and hypercapnia, among others, on quality of recovery from general anaesthesia in horses. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, single-centre study. ANIMALS A sample of 1226 horses that underwent general anaesthesia between June 2017 and June 2021. METHODS Horses and ponies weighing > 200 kg, aged > 6 months, anaesthetized using a xylazine- or medetomidine-isoflurane balanced anaesthesia protocol and presenting a complete anaesthetic record were included. Data were extracted from the clinic record system and from the original anaesthesia records. Recoveries were divided into 'good' and 'bad' based on the available recovery scores. Influence of hypoxaemia [PaO2 < 60 mmHg (7.99 kPa)], hypotension (mean arterial pressure < 70 mmHg for at least 15 minutes) and hypercapnia [PaCO2 > 60 mmHg (7.99 kPa)], anaesthesia protocol, body weight, age, breed, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, type of procedure, emergency or nonemergency, duration of anaesthesia, positioning, times spent in lateral and sternal recumbency during recovery, time until standing and nonassisted or assisted recovery on the assigned recovery score (good/bad) were investigated using generalized linear regression analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS Hypoxaemia and prolonged duration of anaesthesia were significantly associated with a bad recovery score. No other factors had a significant influence on recovery quality. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hypoxaemia and prolonged anaesthesia duration have a negative effect on quality of anaesthetic recovery in horses. Clinically, this highlights the importance of keeping anaesthetic time as short as possible and to monitor oxygenation and treat hypoxaemia as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merit Meier
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Kazmir-Lysak
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Kälin
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simone K Ringer
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Clark-Price SC, Lascola KM, Auckburally A, Boone LH, Caldwell FJ, Weatherall KM, Hanson RR. The effect of inhaled albuterol on PaO2 in anesthetized horses receiving a FiO2 of 0.5 or > 0.95. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 113:103944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Goto A, Tagami M, Kato F, Suzuki T, Yamaga T, Murase H, Sato F, Tsogtgerel M, Niikura T, Moriyama T, Chiba A, Watanabe KI, Tsuzuki N, Nambo Y. Equine nonneoplastic abnormal ovary in a draft mare with high serum anti-Müllerian hormone: a case study. J Equine Sci 2022; 32:147-151. [PMID: 35023993 PMCID: PMC8731685 DOI: 10.1294/jes.32.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a standing hand-assisted laparoscopic ovariectomy in a draft mare that
presented with high serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level and had an enlarged single
cystic ovary. Histopathological examination revealed no tumor cell proliferation in the
ovary, but the presence of a large ovarian cyst was confirmed. In the diagnosis of
abnormal ovaries in mares, a comprehensive assessment should be performed, including the
monitoring of ovarian morphology and biomarkers over time, to determine the disease
prognosis and treatment plan. The case of this mare with a nonneoplastic abnormal ovary
and increased serum AMH level was rare. We suggest that standing hand-assisted
laparoscopic ovariectomy is useful for the removal of large ovaries in draft mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Goto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tagami
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,Shadai Horse Clinic, Hokkaido 059-1361, Japan
| | - Fumiki Kato
- Shadai Horse Clinic, Hokkaido 059-1361, Japan
| | | | | | - Harutaka Murase
- Equine Science Division, Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Fumio Sato
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Munkhtuul Tsogtgerel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tadamasa Niikura
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Animal Husbandry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoe Moriyama
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Chiba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Nao Tsuzuki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Doctoral Program in Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Animal Husbandry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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4
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de Miguel Garcia C, Campoy L, Parry SA, Martin-Flores M, Gleed RD. Retrospective study of the prevalence of factors contributing to successful standing at first attempt in horses recovering from general anesthesia. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 49:95-103. [PMID: 34893433 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several factors affect the quality of recovery from general anesthesia in horses. These can increase the likelihood of injury. Body and limb position during recovery may correlate with successful standing. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of and the factors associated with successful standing at the first attempt in horses undergoing general anesthesia. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. METHODS Video of recovery and anesthetic records from 221 equine patients were reviewed by six veterinary students. Cases with poor video quality or incomplete anesthetic records were excluded. Demographic variables, type of procedure, perioperative drugs administered, assistance during recovery and body and limb positions during the first attempt to stand were recorded. Association between putative variables (including specific descriptors for body and limb position) and success for standing were analyzed using backward logistic regression; significance was set at 0.05. A decision tree for a successful attempt was created to predict the outcome of a recovery attempt based on these variables. RESULTS Extension of the carpal joints, head and neck alignment with the thoracic limbs, greater time in lateral recumbency, coordination during sternal recumbency, longer time to first attempt to stand and pelvic limb position were associated with successful standing at the first attempt. The association between extension of the carpal joints with wide base positioning of the pelvic limbs provided the best success rate for standing, whereas the association of flexed carpal joints and head and neck orientation different from the thoracic limbs resulted in a worse success rate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that certain limb and body positions displayed by horses during recovery may be associated with the likelihood of successful standing at the first attempt. These variables may be useful for assessing recovery quality in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina de Miguel Garcia
- Section of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Luis Campoy
- Section of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Stephen A Parry
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Martin-Flores
- Section of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robin D Gleed
- Section of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Comparison of Recovery Quality Following Medetomidine versus Xylazine Balanced Isoflurane Anaesthesia in Horses: A Retrospective Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082440. [PMID: 34438896 PMCID: PMC8388745 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recovery from general anaesthesia poses the most critical phase of equine anaesthesia and is the main cause for the relatively high anaesthetic mortality rate compared to other species. It is, therefore, essential to identify anaesthetic protocols that promote safe recoveries. This retrospective study compared the quality of 470 recoveries following general anaesthesia with the anaesthetic gas isoflurane combined with a constant rate infusion of two different alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (xylazine or medetomidine). On the basis of video recordings, recovery quality was scored by two observers unaware of animal details, procedure, or drugs used. Additionally, factors that may affect recovery (e.g., breed, age, procedure, duration of anaesthesia, and intraoperative complications) were taken into consideration. Horses needing higher doses of xylazine to sedate prior to anaesthesia, the intraoperative use of tetrastarch for cardiovascular support, and the use of salbutamol to improve inadequate blood oxygenation during general anaesthesia were related to poorer recovery scores. Whilst recoveries of horses treated with medetomidine took significantly longer compared to xylazine, the attempts to stand and the overall quality of recovery were similar for both groups, indicating that both anaesthetic protocols promote similarly safe recoveries. Abstract Medetomidine partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA) has not been compared to xylazine PIVA regarding quality of recovery. This clinical retrospective study compared recoveries following isoflurane anaesthesia balanced with medetomidine or xylazine. The following standard protocol was used: sedation with 7 µg·kg−1 medetomidine or 1.1 mg·kg−1 xylazine, anaesthesia induction with ketamine/diazepam, maintenance with isoflurane and 3.5 µg·kg−1·h−1 medetomidine or 0.7 mg·kg−1·h−1 xylazine, and sedation after anaesthesia with 2 µg·kg−1 medetomidine or 0.3 mg·kg−1 xylazine. Recovery was timed and, using video recordings, numerically scored by two blinded observers. Influence of demographics, procedure, peri-anaesthetic drugs, and intraoperative complications (hypotension, hypoxemia, and tachycardia) on recovery were analysed using regression analysis (p < 0.05). A total of 470 recoveries (medetomidine 279, xylazine 191) were finally included. Following medetomidine, recoveries were significantly longer (median (interquartile range): 57 (43–71) min) than xylazine (43 (32–59) min) (p < 0.001). However, the number of attempts to stand was similar (medetomidine and xylazine: 2 (1–3)). Poorer scores were seen with increased pre-anaesthetic dose of xylazine, intraoperative tetrastarch, or salbutamol. However, use of medetomidine or xylazine did not influence recovery score, concluding that, following medetomidine–isoflurane PIVA, recovery is longer, but of similar quality compared to xylazine.
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Stefanik E, Drewnowska O, Lisowska B, Turek B. Causes, Effects and Methods of Monitoring Gas Exchange Disturbances during Equine General Anaesthesia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2049. [PMID: 34359177 PMCID: PMC8300395 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Horses, due to their unique anatomy and physiology, are particularly prone to intraoperative cardiopulmonary disorders. In dorsally recumbent horses, chest wall movement is restricted and the lungs are compressed by the abdominal organs, leading to the collapse of the alveoli. This results in hypoventilation, leading to hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis as well as impaired tissue oxygen supply (hypoxia). The most common mechanisms disturbing gas exchange are hypoventilation, atelectasis, ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch and shunt. Gas exchange disturbances are considered to be an important factor contributing to the high anaesthetic mortality rate and numerous post-anaesthetic side effects. Current monitoring methods, such as a pulse oximetry, capnography, arterial blood gas measurements and spirometry, may not be sufficient by themselves, and only in combination with each other can they provide extensive information about the condition of the patient. A new, promising, complementary method is near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The purpose of this article is to review the negative effect of general anaesthesia on the gas exchange in horses and describe the post-operative complications resulting from it. Understanding the changes that occur during general anaesthesia and the factors that affect them, as well as improving gas monitoring techniques, can improve the post-aesthetic survival rate and minimize post-operative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Stefanik
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Olga Drewnowska
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Lisowska
- National Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Institute, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Bernard Turek
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland;
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7
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Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061777. [PMID: 34198637 PMCID: PMC8232193 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recovery is the most dangerous phase of general anaesthesia in horses. Numerous publications have reported about this phase, but structured reviews that try to reduce the risk of bias of narrative reviews/expert opinions, focussing on the topic are missing. Therefore, the aim of the present article was to publish the first structured review as a summary of the literature focussing on the recovery phase after general anaesthesia in horses. The objective was to summarise the available literature, taking into account the scientific evidence of the individual studies. A structured approach was followed with two experts in the field independently deciding on article inclusion and its level of scientific evidence. A total number of 444 articles, sorted by topics and classified based on their levels of evidence, were finally included into the present summary. The most important findings were summarised and discussed. The present structured review can be used as a compilation of the publications that, to date, focus on the recovery phase after general anaesthesia in adult horses. This type of review tries to minimise the risk of bias inherent to narrative reviews/expert opinions. Abstract Recovery remains the most dangerous phase of general anaesthesia in horses. The objective of this publication was to perform a structured literature review including levels of evidence (LoE) of each study with the keywords “recovery anaesthesia horse”, entered at once, in the search browsers PubMed and Web of Science. The two authors independently evaluated each candidate article. A final list with 444 articles was obtained on 5 April 2021, classified as: 41 “narrative reviews/expert opinions”, 16 “retrospective outcome studies”, 5 “surveys”, 59 “premedication/sedation and induction drugs”, 27 “maintenance with inhalant agents”, 55 “maintenance with total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA)”, 3 “TIVA versus inhalants”, 56 “maintenance with partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA)”, 27 “other drugs used during maintenance”, 18 “drugs before/during recovery”, 18 “recovery systems”, 21 “respiratory system in recovery”, 41 “other factors”, 51 “case series/reports” and 6 “systems to score recoveries”. Of them, 167 were LoE 1, 36 LoE 2, 33 LoE 3, 110 LoE 4, 90 LoE 5 and 8 could not be classified based on the available abstract. This review can be used as an up-to-date compilation of the literature about recovery after general anaesthesia in adult horses that tried to minimise the bias inherent to narrative reviews.
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9
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de Miguel Garcia C, Campoy L, Parry S, Miller JE, Martin-Flores M, Gleed RD. Questionnaire on the process of recovering horses from general anesthesia and associated personnel injury in equine practice. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:223-229. [PMID: 33536139 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To collect data about the current practice of recovering horses from general anesthesia and recovery personnel safety. STUDY DESIGN Online survey. METHODS An online questionnaire, including questions on general demographic data, recovery drugs, modality and characteristics of equine recovery and morbidity and mortality, was designed and distributed via e-mail to equine practitioners worldwide. RESULTS Practitioners from 22 countries completed 373 questionnaires; 53% of the participants were board-certified equine surgeons, and the remainder were board-certified anesthesiologists (18%), large animal residents (8%), general practitioners (7%), large animal interns (6%), anesthesia residents (4.5%) and veterinary technicians (1.6%). Respondents were employed by academia (58%) or private practice (42%). Of the respondents employed at a university, 93% had a board-certified anesthesiologist on staff compared with 7% of respondents employed at a private practice. Most of the respondents assist horses during recovery, with 23% assisting every recovery and 44% assisting recovery in the majority of cases. Reasons for choosing to assist horses during recovery were: orthopedic procedures (57%), neurological deficits (49%), bad health (47%), history of poor recovery (44%), foals (42%), draft breeds (30%), magnetic resonance imaging (17%) and computed tomography (16%). Unacceptable recoveries were reported by 77% of participants. Commonly reported complications during recovery with any method were: orthopedic injury (66%), myopathy (54%), skin abrasion (53%) and airway obstruction (37%). The incidences of unacceptable quality of recovery (p = 0.09) or personnel injury (p = 0.56) were not different between assisted and nonassisted recoveries; however, more equine fatalities were reported for assisted recoveries (p < 0.006). Practitioners in academia reported more unacceptable recoveries (p < 0.0007) and personnel injuries (p < 0.002) compared with those in private practice. CONCLUSIONS The method of recovery differs among hospitals. Recovery personnel injuries associated with assisting horses during recovery are an important and previously unreported finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina de Miguel Garcia
- Section of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Luis Campoy
- Section of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Stephen Parry
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Julia E Miller
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Martin-Flores
- Section of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robin D Gleed
- Section of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Laurenza C, Ansart L, Portier K. Risk Factors of Anesthesia-Related Mortality and Morbidity in One Equine Hospital: A Retrospective Study on 1,161 Cases Undergoing Elective or Emergency Surgeries. Front Vet Sci 2020; 6:514. [PMID: 32039253 PMCID: PMC6990105 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective analysis was performed to determine mortality and morbidity rates for elective and emergency cases in an equine university teaching hospital. It investigated the effect of horse-, anesthetic-, timing, and clinician experience-related variables on anesthetic complications. In total, 1,161 horses undergoing general anesthesia between January 2012 and December 2016 were included in the study. Patient information and details of the anesthetic, recovery period and immediate complications were retrieved from an archival database. Statistical analysis of qualitative and quantitative factors affecting anesthetic complications was performed using an univariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Odds ratio of variables primarily affecting mortality and complications were calculated. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. General anesthesia-related global mortality rate was 1.4% (95% CI [7.1–10.4]) but was only 0.96% (95% CI [0.44–1.82]) for non-colic cases. The complication rate was 17.5% (n = 204; 95% CI [15.2–20.0]) of which 46.9% [39.4–54.5] were neuromuscular, 22.6% [16.7–29.5] were respiratory, 15.8% [10.8–22.0] were systemic, 13.6% [8.9–19.5] were cardiovascular, 1.1% [0.1–4.0] were other complications. Ninety two percent of complications occurred during recovery. Major risk factors for mortality and complications included high weight, surgeon experience, increasing age, high ASA score, long duration of anesthesia, quality of induction, lateral recumbency, orthopedic surgery, and hypotension. In these models, colic surgery did not influence the rate of any complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Laurenza
- Section of Anesthésiologie, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Lèa Ansart
- Section of Anesthésiologie, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Karine Portier
- Section of Anesthésiologie, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France.,GREAT, Laboratoire Carmen, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Lord S, Hahn C, Pollock PJ, Duncan JC. Delayed recovery from general anaesthesia associated with pre‐existing neurological disease in a horse. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lord
- Clinical StudiesRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothianUK
| | - Caroline Hahn
- Large Animal HospitalRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothianUK
| | - Patrick J Pollock
- Large Animal HospitalRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothianUK
| | - Juliet Clare Duncan
- Large Animal HospitalRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothianUK
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Season's Effects on Some Clinical, Hematological Parameters and Blood Cortisol Level in Sedated Arabian Horses With Xylazine. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 84:102835. [PMID: 31864466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Influence of heat or cold stress in sedated animals is unclear and requires further investigations. The present study aimed to evaluate the season's effects on some clinical, hematological parameters and blood cortisol level in sedated Arabian horses with xylazine. Therefore, seven Arabian horses were used to investigate heart and respiratory rates, and capillary refill time and serum cortisol level were recorded before (0) and at 5, 15, 60, and 180 minutes postsedation. Heparinized venous samples were collected before (0) and 3 hours postsedation for analysis of hematological analysis. Arterial blood samples were collected before and 1 hour postsedation for arterial blood gases and electrolytes analysis. Repeated analysis of variance was performed (P < .05). Significant decreases have been observed in heart and respiratory rates at 5, 15, and 60 minutes postsedation in summer and only at 5 minutes postsedation in winter. Arterial oxygen pressure and arterial carbon dioxide pressure showed a significant decrease and increase, respectively at 1 hour postsedation in summer and winter. The serum cortisol levels were significantly higher in summer than in winter at 5, 15, and 60 minutes postsedation. In summer, the postsedation concentrations of cortisol did not change significantly than its values before sedation. However, in winter, the cortisol concentration decreased significantly at 5, 15, and 60 minutes postsedation compared with their value before sedation. The present study suggests that these season's effects on the sedated Arabian horses could take into consideration in xylazine-sedated Arabian horses.
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