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Camargo L, Resende da Silva GF, Baccili CC, Flores EF, Gomes V. Influence of bovine pestivirus heterogeneity on serological responses to 10 different commercial vaccine formulation. Vet Microbiol 2024; 296:110155. [PMID: 38996750 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Bovine Pestivirus typically involves one or more organ systems, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild to severe fatal systemic illness that lead to significant reproductive, productive, and economic losses. Vaccines face the challenge of addressing the significant variability of pestiviruses, which affects the interaction between viral antigens and the immune system's ability to provide protection. This study aimed to evaluate the serological responses against bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (Pestivirus A) and Pestivirus B induced by 10 commercial vaccines, including one recombinant (vaccine E), two modified live (MLV multivalent, vaccine I, and MLV monovalent, vaccine J), and seven killed vaccines (KLV, vaccines A to H). Additionally, we evaluated the cross-reactivity between Pestivirus A and B from vaccines and HoBi-like pestivirus (Pestivirus H). In Phase 1, guinea pigs were used to screen for non-MLVs. They were divided into nine groups (n=6 each) and received two doses (⅕ of bovine dose) of eight different non-MLV on Days 0 and 21. Serum samples were collected on Days 0 and 30 for serological analyse. In Phase 2, Holstein × Gir heifers (n= 45) were divided into five groups, comprising 6-9 animals. They were vaccinated either once with MLVs or twice with the top non-MLVs screened in Phase 1. Serum samples were harvested on d0 (vaccination day) and d60 (60 days after the first dose) for MLV and non-MLV. Specific antibody titers were assessed virus neutralization (VN) and transformed in log2 for statistical analysis using PROC-MIXED. Significant effects were observed for vaccine groups, time points, and their interactions concerning neutralizing antibodies against Pestivirus A and B in both Guinea pigs and heifers. The Phase 1 study revealed serological responses against Pestivirus A exclusively in non-MLV D (85.33±13.49) and E (72.00±19.26). In the bovine study, the KLD vaccine D (72.00±15.10), recombinant vaccine E (90.66±25.85), and MLV I (170.66±28.22) resulted in an average of neutralizing antibodies against Pestivirus A that exceeded the protective threshold (≥ 60). However,individual analysis of heifers showed a higher frequency of animals presenting titers of Pestivirus A Ab surpassing 32 following vaccination with MLV I and J. None of the vaccine formulations in either study elicited a protective immune response against Pestivirus B or demonstrated cross-reactivity against Pestivirus H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Camargo
- Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butantã, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Viviani Gomes
- Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butantã, Brazil.
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Whole-Genome-Sequence-Based Evolutionary Analyses of HoBi-like Pestiviruses Reveal Insights into Their Origin and Evolutionary History. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030733. [PMID: 36992441 PMCID: PMC10055830 DOI: 10.3390/v15030733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV), classified under Pestivirus H species, is an emerging cattle pathogen of high economic impact. However, the origin and evolution of HoBiPeV are not very clear due to a lack of full genomic sequences from diverse clades. This study aimed to determine full-genome sequences of HoBiPeV strains of three novel clades (c, d and e) and perform full-genome-based genetic and evolutionary analyses. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses herein confirmed the existence and independent evolution of four main HoBiPeV clades (a, c, d and e) globally, with genetic divergence ranging from 13.0% to 18.2%. Our Bayesian molecular clock estimates revealed that HoBiPeV most likely originated in India, with a dated tMRCA of 1938 (1762–2000), evidencing a more recent origin of HoBiPeV. The evolution rate of HoBiPeV was estimated to be 2.133 × 10−3 subs/site/year at full-genome level but varied widely among individual genes. Selection pressure analyses identified most of the positively selected sites in E2. Additionally, 21.8% of the ORF codon sites were found under strong episodic diversifying selection, providing first evidence of negative selection in HoBiPeV evolution. No recombination event was evident for HoBiPeV-c, d and e strains. These findings provide new insights into HoBiPeV origin and evolutionary history for better understanding the epidemiology and host–pathogen interactions and stimulate vaccine research.
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Zhang Y, Zhong X, Xi Z, Li Y, Xu H. Antiviral Potential of the Genus Panax: An updated review on their effects and underlying mechanism of action. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:183-192. [PMID: 36926608 PMCID: PMC10014226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are known as one of the major factors causing death. Ginseng is a medicinal plant that demonstrated a wide range of antiviral potential, and saponins are the major bioactive ingredients in the genus Panax with vast therapeutic potential. Studies focusing on the antiviral activity of the genus Panax plant-derived agents (extracts and saponins) and their mechanisms were identified and summarized, including contributions mainly from January 2016 until January 2022. P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolius were included in the review as valuable medicinal herbs against infections with 14 types of viruses. Reports from 9 extracts and 12 bioactive saponins were included, with 6 types of protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides and 6 types of protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides. The mechanisms mainly involved the inhibition of viral attachment and replication, the modulation of immune response by regulating signaling pathways, including the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathway, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1)/ protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. This review includes detailed information about the mentioned antiviral effects of the genus Panax extracts and saponins in vitro and in vivo, and in human clinical trials, which provides a scientific basis for ginseng as an adjunctive therapeutic drug or nutraceutical.
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Key Words
- ARI, acute respiratory illness
- BG, black ginseng
- BVDV, bovine viral diarrhea virus
- CHB, chronic hepatitis B
- CSFV, classical swine fever virus
- CVBs, group B coxsackieviruses
- DAA, direct-acting antiviral therapies
- EBV, the Epstein-Barr virus
- EV, enterovirus
- EV71, human enterovirus 71
- GCRV, grass carp reovirus
- GSLS, Ginseng stem-leaf saponins
- HAART, highly active antiretroviral drug therapy
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCV, Hepatitis C virus
- HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1
- HP, highly pathogenic
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- HVJ, hemagglutinating virus of Japan
- IFN-1, type-I interferon
- JAK, janus kinase
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- KRG, Korean Red Ginseng
- KSHV, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
- MHV-68, murine gammaherpesvirus 68
- NDV, Newcastle disease virus
- NK, natural killer
- PNAB, PEGylated nanoparticle albumin-bound
- PNR, P. notoginseng root water extract
- PPD, protopanaxadiol
- PPT, protopanaxatriol
- PRRSV, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
- Panax ginseng
- RSV, respiratory syncytial virus
- RV, rotavirus
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- antiviral activity
- ginseng
- ginsenosides
- mechanism of action
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanlei Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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HoBi-like Pestivirus Is Highly Prevalent in Cattle Herds in the Amazon Region (Northern Brazil). Viruses 2023; 15:v15020453. [PMID: 36851667 PMCID: PMC9965828 DOI: 10.3390/v15020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pestiviruses are globally distributed and cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industry. In Brazil, the country with the world's largest cattle population, pestivirus infections are well described in some regions, such as in the south, where a high frequency of BVDV-2 is described and contrasts with the high prevalence of HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) in the northeast. However, there is a lack of information about pestiviruses in the Amazon Region, in northern Brazil, with a cattle population estimated at 55.7 million head, which has a significant impact on the international livestock market. Therefore, this study investigated the seroprevalence and genetic variability of ruminant pestiviruses in 944 bovine serum samples from four states in northern Brazil: Pará (PA), Amapá (AP), Roraima (RR), and Amazonas (AM). Our results showed that 45.4% of the samples were seropositive (19.8% for BVDV-1, 14.1% for BVDV-2, and 20.9% for HoBiPeV). All samples were tested by RT-qPCR, and three were positive and classified as HoBiPeV in a phylogenetic analysis. These serological and molecular results contrast with those from other regions of the world, suggesting that the northern Brazilian states have a high prevalence of all bovine pestiviruses including HoBiPeV.
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Spetter MJ, Louge Uriarte EL, Verna AE, Odeón AC, González Altamiranda EA. Temporal and geographic dynamics of bovine viral diarrhea virus in American countries. Res Vet Sci 2022; 153:66-73. [PMID: 36327621 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a worldwide distributed pathogen of livestock classified into three species, BVDV-1 (Pestivirus A), BVDV-2 (Pestivirus B), and HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV; Pestivirus H). Despite being considered endemic in several regions of the Americas, the spatiotemporal distribution of BVDV is scarcely known. This study aimed to reconstruct the population dynamics of BVDV in American countries. The analyses performed with the partial 5´UTR gene showed that BVDV-1 and -2 would have started their diversification in the 1670s and 1790s in the United States, whereas HoBiPeV probably emerged in the 1980s in Brazil. No evident geographic clustering was observed in the Bayesian trees, which may indicate that multiple introductions events would have occurred following the first introduction. This study provides new insights into BVDV dynamics, although further analyses including sequences from other American countries and continents will help to expand the knowledge of BVDV evolution and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano J Spetter
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, CP 7000 Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique L Louge Uriarte
- Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Ruta 226 km 73.5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea E Verna
- Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Ruta 226 km 73.5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anselmo C Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226 km 73.5, CP 7620 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika A González Altamiranda
- Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Ruta 226 km 73.5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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6
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Jan MW, Chiu CY, Chen JJ, Chang TH, Tsai KJ. Human Platelet Lysate Induces Antiviral Responses against Parechovirus A3. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071499. [PMID: 35891479 PMCID: PMC9316291 DOI: 10.3390/v14071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human platelet lysate (hPL) contains abundant growth factors for inducing human cell proliferation and may be a suitable alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a culture medium supplement. However, the application of hPL in virological research remains blank. Parechovirus type-A3 (PeV-A3) belongs to Picornaviridae, which causes meningoencephalitis in infants and young children. To understand the suitability of hPL-cultured cells for PeV-A3 infection, the infection of PeV-A3 in both FBS- and hPL-cultured glioblastoma (GBM) cells were compared. Results showed reduced PeV-A3 infection in hPL-cultured cells compared with FBS-maintained cells. Mechanistic analysis revealed hPL stimulating type I interferon (IFN) antiviral pathway, through which phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT2, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) were activated and antiviral genes, such as IFN-α, IFN-β, and Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA), were also detected. In addition, an enhanced PeV-A3 replication was detected in the hPL-cultured GBM cells treated with STAT-1 inhibitor (fludarabine) and STAT1 shRNA. These results in vitro suggested an unexpected effect of hPL-activated type I IFN pathway response to restrict virus replication and that hPL may be a potential antiviral bioreagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Jan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yun Chiu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (T.-H.C.); (K.-J.T.)
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-H.C.); (K.-J.T.)
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7
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Margineda CA, Ferreyra FM, Masnyj F, Audrito M, Favaro PM, María José DS, Pecora A. HoBi-like pestivirus in 2 cases of fatal respiratory disease of feedlot cattle in Argentina. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:693-698. [PMID: 35593639 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221098356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) is an emerging virus that has been detected in cattle and other ruminants. We diagnosed 2 cases of fatal bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) associated with infection with HoBiPeV in a feedlot in Argentina. The main findings in 2 steers autopsied were interstitial bronchopneumonia (case 1) and fibrinous bronchopneumonia (case 2). HoBiPeV was detected by RT-PCR in lungs of both animals and by immunohistochemistry in case 2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both strains clustered within the "Brazilian-Italian" clade. In case 2, Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from the lung. There is scant information about the contribution of HoBiPeV to the pathogenesis of BRDC. To our knowledge, HoBiPeV has not been reported previously in association with M. haemolytica pneumonia. Our findings further support the involvement of HoBiPeV in cases of BRDC and contribute to understanding the synergy of this etiologic agent in the pathogenesis of BRD, which is critical for the development of appropriate preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Margineda
- Sanidad Animal, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA) Marcos Juárez, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina.,Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Franco Matías Ferreyra
- Kansas State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Franco Masnyj
- Sanidad Animal, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA) Marcos Juárez, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | - Dus Santos María José
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Pecora
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Glotov AG, Glotova TI, Nefedchenko AV, Koteneva SV. [Genetic diversity and distribution of bovine pestiviruses ( Flaviviridae: Pestivirus) in the world and in the Russian Federation]. Vopr Virusol 2022; 67:18-26. [PMID: 35293185 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae includes 11 species. Bovine pestiviruses are the causative agents of viral diarrhea/mucosal disease and include three genetically distinct species: pestivirus A (BVDV-1), B (BVDV-2), and H (BVDV-3). The number of BVDV-1 subtypes is 21, BVDV-2 - 4, and BVDV-3 - 4, which complicates the diagnosis of associated diseases, reduces the effectiveness of vaccination and control programs.We performed the search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, eLIBRARY.RU databases for articles published in 2000-2021.Pestivirus A is distributed everywhere, although the largest number of subtypes was found in cattle in Italy and China. The virus is widespread in the Central region of the Russia (subtypes 1a and 1m). In Siberia, eleven subtypes circulate among native and imported animals: 1a (5%), 1b (35%), 1c (5%), 1d (10%), 1f (20%), 1g, 1i (both 2.5%), 1j, 1k, 1p, and 1r (all for 5%). Pestivirus B subtype is more virulent, found less frequently and mainly in the North and South America, in some European countries, and in Asia. Three subtypes have been identified in Siberia: 2a (25%), 2b (10%), and 2c (5%). Pestivirus H circulates in Europe, Asia and South America. The main route of entry is contaminated biological products. In Russia, BVDV-3 of the Italian-Brazilian group (3a) was detected in 7 lots of fetal bovine serum.The role of the virus in the occurrence of respiratory diseases in calves, abortion, systemic infection and enteritis in calves and adult animals has been established. The source of the virus in such cases was a contaminated modified live vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Glotov
- FSBIS Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and the Far East
| | - T I Glotova
- FSBIS Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and the Far East
| | - A V Nefedchenko
- FSBIS Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and the Far East
| | - S V Koteneva
- FSBIS Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and the Far East
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Tan B, Giangaspero M, Sun N, Jin Y, Liu K, Wang Q, Cheng S, Wang Y, Zhang S. Antiviral Effect of Ginsenoside Rb2 and Rb3 Against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Classical Swine Fever Virus in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:764909. [PMID: 34957281 PMCID: PMC8692705 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.764909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are members of the genus Pestivirus that cause disease in wild and domestic animals and are responsible for extensive economic losses of livestock and biological industry. BVDV is also a significant laboratory contaminant. Currently, no effective antiviral therapeutics are available to control their infection. Ginsenosides, as major pharmacological ingredients in the plants of ginseng, have various biological activities. In the present work, the antiviral activity of 9 ginsenosides and 3 other saponins from Araliaceae plants was investigated against Pestivirus. Ginsenoside Rb2 and Rb3 showed low cytotoxicity and obvious antiviral effect. They were able to inhibit the replication and proliferation of BVDV and CSFV. In addition, our results suggest that the possible antiviral mechanism of Rb2 might be related to its ability to affect the translation of these viruses. Obtained results suggest that ginsenoside Rb2 and Rb3 have a potential for effective treatment against Pestivirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tan
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | | | - Na Sun
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yinping Jin
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qianying Wang
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yingping Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Spetter MJ, Louge Uriarte EL, Verna AE, Leunda MR, Pereyra SB, Odeón AC, González Altamiranda EA. Genomic diversity and phylodynamic of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Argentina. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 96:105089. [PMID: 34563649 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen of ruminants worldwide and is characterized by high genetic diversity and a wide range of clinical presentations. In Argentina, several studies have evaluated the genetic diversity of BVDV but no phylodynamic study has been published yet. In this study, a comprehensive compilation and update of Argentinean BVDV sequences were performed, and the evolutionary history of BVDV was characterized by phylodynamic analyses based on the 5´UTR. Although BVDV-1b and BVDV-1a were the most frequent subtypes, novel subtypes for Argentina, 1e and 1i, were identified. The phylodynamic analysis suggested that BVDV started its diversification in the mid-1650s with an exponential increase in viral diversity since the late 1990s, possibly related to the livestock expansion and intensification in the country. Evolutionary rate in the 5´UTR was faster for BVDV-1a than for BVDV-1b, and both subtypes presented an endemic nature according to the demographic reconstructions. The current study contributes to clarify the evolutionary history of BVDV in the main cattle region of the country and provides useful information about the epidemiology and future development of diagnostic and control tools in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano J Spetter
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Enrique L Louge Uriarte
- Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Argentina.
| | - Andrea E Verna
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - María Rosa Leunda
- Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Susana B Pereyra
- Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Anselmo C Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika A González Altamiranda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Argentina.
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Bauermann FV, Ridpath JF. Epidemiology of Pestivirus H in Brazil and Its Control Implications. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:693041. [PMID: 34368280 PMCID: PMC8342886 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.693041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with viruses in the Pestivirus A (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1, BVDV1) and B species (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2, BVDV2), members of the Pestivirus H are mainly cattle pathogens. Viruses belonging to the Pestivirus H group are known as HoBi-like pestiviruses (HoBiPev). Genetic and antigenic characterization suggest that HoBiPev are the most divergent pestiviruses identified in cattle to date. The phylogenetic analysis of HoBiPev results in at least five subgroups (a–e). Under natural or experimental conditions, calves infected with HoBiPev strains typically display mild upper respiratory signs, including nasal discharge and cough. Although BVDV1 and BVDV2 are widely distributed and reported in many South American countries, reports of HoBiPev in South America are mostly restricted to Brazil. Despite the endemicity and high prevalence of HoBiPev in Brazil, only HoBiPev-a was identified to date in Brazil. Unquestionably, HoBiPev strains in BVDV vaccine formulations are required to help curb HoBiPev spread in endemic regions. The current situation in Brazil, where at this point only HoBiPev-a seems present, provides a more significant opportunity to control these viruses with the use of a vaccine with a single HoBiPev subtype. Despite the lack of differentiation among bovine pestiviruses by current BVDV tests, the reduced genetic variability of HoBiPev in Brazil may allow reliable identification of cases within the region. On the other hand, introducing foreign ruminants, biologicals, and genetic material to South America, especially if it originated from other HoBiPev-endemic countries, should consider the risk of introducing divergent HoBiPev subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando V Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK, United States
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Luzzago C, Decaro N. Epidemiology of Bovine Pestiviruses Circulating in Italy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:669942. [PMID: 34150891 PMCID: PMC8206264 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.669942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pestiviruses are widespread and economically important pathogens of cattle and other animals. Pestivirus A (formerly known as Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, BVDV-1), Pestivirus B (Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2, BVDV-2), and Pestivirus H (HoBi-like pestivirus, HoBiPeV) species are infecting primarily cattle. Like other RNA viruses, pestiviruses are characterized by a high degree of genetic variability. This high rate of variability is revealed by the existence of a number of viral subgenotypes within each species. In cattle, the highest number of pestivirus subgenotypes has been documented in European countries, particularly in Italy. The aim of this review is to report an up-to-date overview about the genetic diversity of pestiviruses in Italian cattle herds. All three bovine pestiviruses species have been identified in cattle population with variable frequency and geographical distribution. The genetic diversity of Italian pestiviral strains may have diagnostic and immunological implications, affecting the performance of diagnostic tools and the full cross-protection elicited by commercially available vaccines. Implementation and strengthening of coordinated approaches for bovine pestivirus control in Italy are recommended. Therefore, it would be extremely important to increase control and restriction measures to the trade of cattle and biological products of bovine origin, including those containing fetal bovine serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Luzzago
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Coordinated Research Center "EpiSoMI", University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
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13
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Romeo F, Louge Uriarte E, Delgado SG, González-Altamiranda E, Pereyra S, Morán P, Odeón A, Pérez S, Verna A. Effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus on subsequent infectivity of bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 in endometrial cells in primary culture: An in vitro model of viral co-infection. J Virol Methods 2021; 291:114097. [PMID: 33600847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) infect the uterus of cattle, being responsible for huge economic losses. Most of the pathogenesis of BoHV-4 in the bovine reproductive tract has been elucidated by conducting tests on primary cultures. Thus, it is important to have optimal in vitro conditions, avoiding the presence of other pathogens that can alter the results. BVDV is one of the most frequent viral contaminants of cell cultures. Considering that non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV biotype can generate persistently infected (PI) cattle, which are the major source for virus transmission in susceptible herds, it is important to check products derived from cattle that are intended to be used in research laboratories. The aim of this work was to evaluate how the natural infection of bovine endometrial cells (BEC) with a NCP BVDV strain (BEC + BVDV) affects BoHV-4 replication. We have demonstrated a delay in BoHV-4 gene expression and a decrease in viral load in the extracellular environment in BEC + BDVD cells compared to BEC (BVDV-free) cells. These results confirm that replication of BoHV-4 in BEC primary cultures is affected by previous infection with BVDV. This finding highlights the importance of ruling out BVDV infection in bovine primary cell cultures to avoid biological interference or misinterpretation of results at the time of performing in vitro studies with BoHV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Romeo
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Godoy Cruz 2370, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - E Louge Uriarte
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Grupo de Sanidad Animal. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, CONICET-INTA). Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S G Delgado
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - E González-Altamiranda
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Grupo de Sanidad Animal. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, CONICET-INTA). Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Pereyra
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Grupo de Sanidad Animal. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, CONICET-INTA). Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Morán
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA)/CIVETAN, Sede Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - S Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA)/CIVETAN, Sede Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Verna
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Grupo de Sanidad Animal. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, CONICET-INTA). Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Is contamination of bovine-sourced material with bovine viral diarrhea virus still a problem in countries with ongoing eradication campaigns? ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this report, we describe the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) contamination in commercial animal-derived sera and vaccines against animal viral pathogens on the market in Poland. Antibodies against BVDV were detected in 4/45 sera samples (8.9%) using an ELISA test. The presence of BVDV antigen was found using ELISA in 3/45 serum samples (6.6%) and 18/172 vaccine samples (10.5%). An RT -PCR was conducted using primers targeting two genome regions, the five prime untranslated region (5’UTR) and N-terminal protease (Npro). BVDV RNA was detected in 33/45 (73.3%) of sera, and 11/172 samples (6.4%) of collected vaccines, of which one vaccine did not declare BVDV strain in its composition. A single serum showed the presence of an infectious virus and only one was contaminated with all 3 species of BVDV. The most frequent species in sera was BVDV-3 (75.5%), whereas in vaccines only BVDV-1 was identified. Sequence analysis showed that the tested commercial sera and one vaccine were contaminated by six genotypes of BVDV: -1a, -1b, -1c, -1d, -2a, and -3. Identification of BVDV and its genetic material in animal-derived products is important due to the possibility of pestivirus transmission as well as the chance of falsifying the results of a diagnostic test. It also demonstrates the necessity of rigorous monitoring of the bioproducts used at the laboratory and industry level.
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Kalaiyarasu S, Mishra N, Jayalakshmi K, Selvaraj P, Sudhakar SB, Jhade SK, Sood R, Premalatha N, Singh VP. Molecular characterization of recent HoBi-like pestivirus isolates from cattle showing mucosal disease-like signs in India reveals emergence of a novel genetic lineage. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:308-326. [PMID: 33411944 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural infections with HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) have been detected in cattle in South America, Europe and Asia with a range of clinical manifestations including fatal mucosal disease (MD). In India, although HoBiPeV in cattle has been reported, there is no information on currently circulating HoBiPeV strains and associated severe clinical disease. Between September 2018 and December 2019, suspected cases of bovine viral diarrhoea with severe disease in cattle were noticed in farmers' small holdings in Tamil Nadu State. To determine the extent of pestivirus infection, blood, serum, nasal or oral swab samples of 46 cattle from 18 villages were tested. Based on the real-time RT-PCR, antigen ELISA and nucleotide sequencing results, pestivirus was detected in nine cattle from eight villages in two districts and all pestiviruses were identified as HoBiPeV. All nine HoBiPeV-infected cattle displayed clinical signs resembling MD and HoBiPeV isolates (n = 9) obtained were characterized at genetic and antigenic level. Phylogenetic analyses based on 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR), Npro and combined 5'-UTR-Npro gene sequences revealed that eight HoBiPeV isolates clustered into a clade, distinct from all reported HoBiPeV clades (a-d), whereas one belonged to HoBiPeV-d clade, thus providing evidence of emergence of a novel HoBiPeV clade (e). This was also supported by HoBiPeV-e clade-specific amino acid substitutions in Npro and the antigenic reactivity patterns. The study demonstrates the existence and independent evolution of five HoBiPeV clades (four main clades) globally and surprisingly three exclusive to India. Also we confirm first HoBiPeV occurrence in southern India with predominant prevalence of HoBiPeV-e strains. Besides demonstrating increased HoBiPeV genetic diversity, here we show association of HoBiPeV with severe clinical disease involving fatalities highlighting impact of HoBiPeV on cattle health. The emergence of a novel HoBiPeV lineage provides new insights on global HoBiPeV epidemiology and genetic diversity reiterating the need for continuous monitoring of HoBiPeV in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niranjan Mishra
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - Konappan Jayalakshmi
- Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC&RI), Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Palanisamy Selvaraj
- Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC&RI), Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | | | - Richa Sood
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - Narayanasammi Premalatha
- Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC&RI), Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thanjavur, India
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16
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Decaro N. HoBi-Like Pestivirus and Reproductive Disorders. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:622447. [PMID: 33415134 PMCID: PMC7782308 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.622447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) is an emerging group of pestiviruses that has been detected in cattle and other ruminants in South America, Europe, and Asia. Analogous to other bovine pestiviruses, namely bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) 1 and 2, HoBiPeV is able to cause a variety of clinical forms that range from asymptomatic infections to fatal disease, having a great impact on cattle productions and causing substantial economic losses, mainly as a consequence of the occurrence of reproductive failures. The manuscript aims to provide an updated review of the currently available literature about the impact of HoBiPeV infection on cattle reproduction. The reproductive disorders observed in cattle due to natural and experimental infections caused by this virus are reported along with the few available in-vitro studies involving the reproductive tract. HoBiPeV should be considered among the bovine pathogens that impact on reproduction, but there is a need for more specific and sensitive diagnostic methods, while the cross-protection elicited by commercially available BVDV vaccines should be better investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
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17
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Spetter MJ, Louge Uriarte EL, Armendano JI, Álvarez I, Norero NS, Storani L, Pereyra SB, Verna AE, Odeón AC, González Altamiranda EA. Frequency of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in Argentinean bovine herds and comparison of diagnostic tests for BVDV detection in bovine serum samples: a preliminary study. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 52:467-475. [PMID: 33237499 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a major worldwide disease with negative economic impact on cattle production. Successful control programs of BVD require the identification and culling of persistently infected (PI) animals with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). A variety of diagnostic tests are available to detect BVDV, but no comparison has been performed among those tests in Argentina. Sera collected from 2864 cattle, belonging to 55 herds from three Argentinean provinces, were analyzed by nested RT-PCR (RT-nPCR) to detect BVDV for diagnostic purposes. Additionally, this study evaluated the agreement of the RT-nPCR along with virus isolation, antigen-capture ELISA, and real-time RT-PCR for BVDV detection in archived bovine serum samples (n = 90). The RT-nPCR was useful for BVDV detection in pooled and individual serum samples. BVDV was detected in 1% (29/2864) of the cattle and in 20% (11/55) of the herds. The proportion of BVDV-positive sera was not statistically different among the tests. In addition, comparisons showed high agreement levels, with the highest values between both RT-PCR protocols. The frequency of BVDV infection at individual and herd level was lower than the reported values worldwide. Since follow-up testing was not performed, the frequency of PI cattle was unknown. Also, this study demonstrated that the four diagnostic tests can be used reliably for BVDV identification in individual serum samples. Further epidemiologically designed studies that address prevalence, risk factors, and economic impact of BVDV in Argentina will be necessary to implement effective control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano J Spetter
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Enrique L Louge Uriarte
- Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620, Balcarce, Argentina.
| | - Joaquín I Armendano
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, CP 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Álvarez
- Laboratorio Álvarez, 25 de Mayo 139, CP 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Norero
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Storani
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Susana B Pereyra
- Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Andrea E Verna
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Anselmo C Odeón
- Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Erika A González Altamiranda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620, Balcarce, Argentina.
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Pecora A, Pérez López J, Jordán MJ, Franco LN, Politzki R, Ruiz V, Alvarez I. Analysis of irradiated Argentinean fetal bovine serum for adventitious agents. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:892-897. [PMID: 32814516 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720951556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) used in cell culture may be contaminated with adventitious agents, which can affect the production of biologicals and the results of clinical laboratory tests. We carried out a retrospective study to determine the incidence of adventitious agent contamination of Argentinean irradiated FBS dating from 2015 to 2019. We analyzed FBS batches for mycoplasma and adventitious viruses (bovine pestiviruses, bovine adenovirus, bluetongue virus, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, rabies virus, bovine parvovirus, bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and reovirus). Cell passages followed by direct immunofluorescence were carried out to check viability of the mentioned adventitious agents. Also, molecular detection of mycoplasma and pestiviruses was performed on the FBS samples. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against pestiviruses was determined. Molecular analyses indicated that frequencies of mycoplasma and pestiviruses in FBS were 14% and 84%, respectively. All of the batches were seronegative for pestiviral antibodies. After cell passages, all FBS samples were negative for hemadsorbent agents and by immunofluorescence for all of the viral species analyzed; PCR assays were negative for mycoplasma and pestiviruses. Our results demonstrate that, of all adventitious agents tested, local FBS batches only had traces of mycoplasma and pestiviruses; gamma irradiation was effective in inactivating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pecora
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Pérez López
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano J Jordán
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lautaro N Franco
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Politzki
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Ruiz
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Alvarez
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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