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Voga M. Modulation of Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Medicinal Signalling Cells with Ascorbic Acid: Effect on Proliferation and Chondrogenic Differentiation on Standard Plastic and Silk Fibroin Surfaces. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:513. [PMID: 38790380 PMCID: PMC11118827 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) plays a crucial role in both the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem/medicinal signalling cells (MSCs); these are both key aspects of their general therapeutic use and their increasing use in veterinary medicine. Current immunomodulatory therapies require efficient expansion of MSCs in the laboratory, while emerging tissue regeneration strategies, such as cartilage or bone repair, aim to use differentiated MSCs and modulate the expression of chondrogenic and hypertrophic markers. Our aim was to investigate whether the addition of AA to the growth medium enhances the proliferation of canine adipose-derived MSCs (cAMSCs) grown on standard plastic surfaces and whether it affects chondrogenic differentiation potential on silk fibroin (SF) films. We assessed cell viability with trypan blue and proliferation potential by calculating population doubling. Chondrogenic induction on SF films was assessed by Alcian blue staining and gene expression analysis of chondrogenic and hypertrophic genes. The results showed that growth medium with AA significantly enhanced the proliferation of cAMSCs without affecting cell viability and modulated the expression of chondrogenic and hypertrophic genes of cAMSCs grown on SF films. Our results suggest that AA may be used in growth medium for expansion of cAMSCs and, at the same time, provide the basis for future studies to investigate the role of AA and SF in chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metka Voga
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Williams ZJ, Chow L, Dow S, Pezzanite LM. The potential for senotherapy as a novel approach to extend life quality in veterinary medicine. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1369153. [PMID: 38812556 PMCID: PMC11133588 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1369153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a condition where cells undergo arrest and can assume an inflammatory phenotype, has been associated with initiation and perpetuation of inflammation driving multiple disease processes in rodent models and humans. Senescent cells secrete inflammatory cytokines, proteins, and matrix metalloproteinases, termed the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which accelerates the aging processes. In preclinical models, drug interventions termed "senotherapeutics" selectively clear senescent cells and represent a promising strategy to prevent or treat multiple age-related conditions in humans and veterinary species. In this review, we summarize the current available literature describing in vitro evidence for senotheraputic activity, preclinical models of disease, ongoing human clinical trials, and potential clinical applications in veterinary medicine. These promising data to date provide further justification for future studies identifying the most active senotherapeutic combinations, dosages, and routes of administration for use in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë J. Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lynn M. Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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3
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Reis IL, Lopes B, Sousa P, Sousa AC, Caseiro AR, Mendonça CM, Santos JM, Atayde LM, Alvites RD, Maurício AC. Equine Musculoskeletal Pathologies: Clinical Approaches and Therapeutical Perspectives-A Review. Vet Sci 2024; 11:190. [PMID: 38787162 PMCID: PMC11126110 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries such as equine osteoarthritis, osteoarticular defects, tendonitis/desmitis, and muscular disorders are prevalent among sport horses, with a fair prognosis for returning to exercise or previous performance levels. The field of equine medicine has witnessed rapid and fruitful development, resulting in a diverse range of therapeutic options for musculoskeletal problems. Staying abreast of these advancements can be challenging, prompting the need for a comprehensive review of commonly used and recent treatments. The aim is to compile current therapeutic options for managing these injuries, spanning from simple to complex physiotherapy techniques, conservative treatments including steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hyaluronic acid, polysulfated glycosaminoglycans, pentosan polysulfate, and polyacrylamides, to promising regenerative therapies such as hemoderivatives and stem cell-based therapies. Each therapeutic modality is scrutinized for its benefits, limitations, and potential synergistic actions to facilitate their most effective application for the intended healing/regeneration of the injured tissue/organ and subsequent patient recovery. While stem cell-based therapies have emerged as particularly promising for equine musculoskeletal injuries, a multidisciplinary approach is underscored throughout the discussion, emphasizing the importance of considering various therapeutic modalities in tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês L. Reis
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bruna Lopes
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Sousa
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Sousa
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Caseiro
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University School Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Avenida José R. Sousa Fernandes, Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
- Vasco da Gama Research Center (CIVG), University School Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Avenida José R. Sousa Fernandes, Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla M. Mendonça
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Rua da Braziela n° 100, 4485-144 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. Santos
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís M. Atayde
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Rua da Braziela n° 100, 4485-144 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Rui D. Alvites
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Maurício
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Rua da Braziela n° 100, 4485-144 Vairão, Portugal
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Prišlin M, Butorac A, Bertoša R, Kunić V, Ljolje I, Kostešić P, Vlahović D, Naletilić Š, Turk N, Brnić D. In vitro aging alters the gene expression and secretome composition of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1387174. [PMID: 38605926 PMCID: PMC11006985 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1387174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) hold therapeutic promise due to their regenerative potential, particularly within their secretome. However, concerns arise regarding the impact of in vitro cultivation necessitated for storing therapeutic doses, prompting this study to comprehensively explore the impact of in vitro aging on gene expression and secretome composition. Methods The study involved collecting abdominal adipose tissue samples from nine healthy female dogs, from which cAD-MSCs were extracted and cultured. Stem cells were validated through trilineage differentiation assays and flow cytometry immunophenotyping. Gene expression profiling using RT-qPCR array, and cAD-MSCs secretome LC-MS/MS analysis, were conducted at passages 3 and 6 to reveal gene expression and protein composition alterations during in vitro culture. Results and Discussion The results demonstrate that the gene expression and secretome composition of cAD-MSCs were impacted by in vitro aging. Among many alterations in gene expression between two passages, two significant downregulations were noted in the MSC-associated PTPRC and IL10 genes. While the majority of proteins and their functional characteristics were shared between passages, the influence of cell aging on secretome composition is highlighted by 10% of proteins being distinctively expressed in each passage, along with 21 significant up- and downregulations. The functional attributes of proteins detected in passage 3 demonstrated a greater inclination towards supporting the regenerative capacity of cAD-MSCs. Moreover, proteins in passage 6 exhibited a noteworthy correlation with the blood coagulation pathway, suggesting an elevated likelihood of coagulation events. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first original perspective on the changes in secretome composition that occur when cAD-MSCs age in vitro. Furthermore, it contributes to broadening the currently restricted knowledge base concerning the secretome of cAD-MSCs. In conclusion, our findings show that the regenerative potential of cAD-MSCs, as well as their secretome, may be compromised by in vitro aging. Therefore, our study suggests a preference for earlier passages when considering these cells for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Prišlin
- Virology Department, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Butorac
- Bioanalytical Laboratory II—Proteomics, Bicro Biocentre Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rea Bertoša
- Bioanalytical Laboratory II—Proteomics, Bicro Biocentre Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Kunić
- Virology Department, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Ljolje
- Veterinary Clinic for Small Animals Buba, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petar Kostešić
- Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophthalmology Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Vlahović
- Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Šimun Naletilić
- Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Brnić
- Virology Department, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Jeung S, Kim S, Ah J, Seo S, Jan U, Lee H, Lee JI. Exploring the Tumor-Associated Risk of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Veterinary Medicine. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:994. [PMID: 38612233 PMCID: PMC11010833 DOI: 10.3390/ani14070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been actively applied in veterinary regenerative medicine to treat various canine and feline diseases. With increasing emphasis on safe cell-based therapies, evaluations of their tumorigenic potential are in great demand. However, a direct confirmation of whether tumors originate from stem cells or host cells is not easily achievable. Additionally, previous studies evaluating injections of high doses of MSCs into nude mice did not demonstrate tumor formation. Recent research focused on optimizing MSC-based therapies for veterinary patients, such as MSC-derived extracellular vesicles in treating different diseases. This progress also signifies a broader shift towards personalized veterinary medicine, where treatments can be tailored to individual pets based on their unique genetic profiles. These findings related to different treatments using MSCs emphasize their future potential for veterinary clinical applications. In summary, because of lower tumor-associated risk of MSCs as compared to embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, MSCs are considered a suitable source for treating various canine and feline diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Jeung
- VIP Animal Medical Center, 73, Dongsomun-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02830, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.K.); (J.A.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Kim
- VIP Animal Medical Center, 73, Dongsomun-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02830, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.K.); (J.A.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegon Ah
- VIP Animal Medical Center, 73, Dongsomun-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02830, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.K.); (J.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sanghyuk Seo
- VIP Animal Medical Center, 73, Dongsomun-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02830, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.K.); (J.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Umair Jan
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeong Ik Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
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Sakatoku S, Hayashi Y, Futenma T, Sugita Y, Ishizaka R, Nawa H, Iohara K. Periostin Is a Candidate Regulator of the Host Microenvironment in Regeneration of Pulp and Dentin Complex and Periodontal Ligament in Transplantation with Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:7685280. [PMID: 38435089 PMCID: PMC10907099 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7685280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The microenvironment is required for tissues to maintain their properties in vivo. This microenvironment encompasses the types and three-dimensional arrangement of cells forming the tissues, and their interactions with neighboring cells and extracellular matrices, as represented by the stem cell niche. Tissue regeneration depends not on the original tissue source of the transplanted cells, but on the microenvironment in which they are transplanted. We have previously reported pulp regeneration in a heterotopic root graft model by transplantation of conditioned medium alone, which suggests that host-derived cells expressing receptors for migration factors in conditioned medium migrate into the root canal and cause pulp regeneration. Regenerative medicine is needed to restore the original function of complex tissues. To achieve this, it is necessary to reproduce the changes in the microenvironment of the host tissue that accompany the regenerative response. Therefore, it is important to reproduce the microenvironment in vivo for further development of tissue regeneration therapy. Periostin is also found in the epithelial-mesenchymal junction, with expression sites that differ depending on the mineralized matrix stage, and is involved in regulation of calcification. Methods We investigate whether periostin contributes to microenvironmental changes in regenerated pulp tissue. Dental pulp stem cells were induced into dentin, and gene expression of DSPP, nestin, DMP1, Runx2, and periostin was analyzed by qPCR and protein expression by IHC. Similarly, gene expression was analyzed using qPCR and protein expression using IHC in regenerated dental pulp obtained by ectopic transplantation. Results Since these regenerated tissues were observable on the same slice, it was possible to understand changes in the microenvironment within the tissues. Conclusions Periostin promoted proliferation of pulp stem cells, migration in type I collagen, and calcification in regenerated pulp, which strongly suggests that periostin is a promising candidate as a factor that contributes to the microenvironment of regenerated pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintarou Sakatoku
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Futenma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishizaka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Morioka 7-430, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
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Koprivec S, Majdič G. Extracellular Vesicles in Domestic Animals: Cellular Communication in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1450:39-57. [PMID: 37421538 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic and healthy cells of domestic animals release membrane-enclosed particles from their plasma membrane. These special structures, called extracellular vesicles, play an important role in intercellular communication. In the past, it was believed that their function was mainly to dispose unwanted cell contents and to help maintain cell homeostasis. However, we now know that they have important roles in health and disease and have diagnostic value as well as great potential for therapy in veterinary medicine. Extracellular vesicles facilitate cellular exchanges by delivering functional cargo molecules to nearby or distant tissues. They are produced by various cell types and are found in all body fluids. Their cargo reflects the state of the releasing parent cell, and despite their small size, this cargo is extraordinarily complex. Numerous different types of molecules contained in vesicles make them an extremely promising tool in the field of regenerative veterinary medicine. To further increase research interest and discover their full potential, some of the basic biological mechanisms behind their function need to be better understood. Only then will we be able to maximize the clinical relevance for targeted diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various domestic animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Koprivec
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Majdič
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Cassano JM, Leonard BC, Martins BC, Vapniarsky N, Morgan JT, Dow SW, Wotman KL, Pezzanite LM. Preliminary evaluation of safety and migration of immune activated mesenchymal stromal cells administered by subconjunctival injection for equine recurrent uveitis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1293199. [PMID: 38162475 PMCID: PMC10757620 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1293199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), an immune mediated disease characterized by repeated episodes of intra-ocular inflammation, affects 25% of horses in the USA and is the most common cause of glaucoma, cataracts, and blindness. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties, which are upregulated by preconditioning with toll-like receptor agonists. The objective was to evaluate safety and migration of TLR-3 agonist polyinosinic, polycytidylic acid (pIC)-activated MSCs injected subconjunctivally in healthy horses prior to clinical application in horses with ERU. We hypothesized that activated allogeneic MSCs injected subconjunctivally would not induce ocular or systemic inflammation and would remain in the conjunctiva for >14 days. Methods Bulbar subconjunctiva of two horses was injected with 10 × 106 pIC-activated (10 μg/mL, 2 h) GFP-labeled MSCs from one donor three times at two-week intervals. Vehicle (saline) control was injected in the contralateral conjunctiva. Horses received physical and ophthalmic exams [slit lamp biomicroscopy, rebound tonometry, fundic examination, and semiquantitative preclinical ocular toxicology scoring (SPOTS)] every 1-3 days. Systemic inflammation was assessed via CBC, fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A (SAA). Horses were euthanized 14 days following final injection. Full necropsy and histopathology were performed to examine ocular tissues and 36 systemic organs for MSC presence via IVIS Spectrum. Anti-GFP immunohistochemistry was performed on ocular tissues. Results No change in physical examinations was noted. Bloodwork revealed fibrinogen 100-300 mg/dL (ref 100-400) and SAA 0-25 μg/mL (ref 0-20). Ocular effects of the subjconjucntival injection were similar between MSC and control eyes on SPOTS grading system, with conjunctival hypermia, chemosis and ocular discharge noted bilaterally, which improved without intervention within 14 days. All other ocular parameters were unaffected throughout the study. Necropsy and histopathology revealed no evidence of systemic inflammation. Ocular histopathology was similar between MSC and control eyes. Fluorescent imaging analysis did not locate MSCs. Immunohistochemistry did not identify intact MSCs in the conjunctiva, but GFP-labeled cellular components were present in conjunctival phagocytic cells. Discussion Allogeneic pIC-activated conjunctival MSC injections were well tolerated. GFP-labeled tracking identified MSC components phagocytosed by immune cells subconjunctivally. This preliminary safety and tracking information is critical towards advancing immune conditioned cellular therapies to clinical trials in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Cassano
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brian C. Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bianca C. Martins
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Steven W. Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Wotman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lynn M. Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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9
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Yasumura Y, Teshima T, Nagashima T, Michishita M, Takano T, Taira Y, Suzuki R, Matsumoto H. Immortalized Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Maintain the Immunomodulatory Capacity of the Original Primary Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17484. [PMID: 38139314 PMCID: PMC10743981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for stem cell therapy of intractable diseases in veterinary medicine, but donor-dependent cellular heterogeneity is an issue that influences therapeutic efficacy. Thus, we previously established immortalized cells that maintain the fundamental properties of primary cells, but functional evaluation had not been performed. Therefore, we evaluated the immunomodulatory capacity of the immortalized canine adipose-derived MSCs (cADSCs) in vitro and in vivo to investigate whether they maintain primary cell functions. C57BL/6J mice were treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis, injected intraperitoneally with immortalized or primary cADSCs on day 2 of DSS treatment, and observed for 10 days. Administration of immortalized cADSCs improved body weight loss and the disease activity index (DAI) in DSS-induced colitic mice by shifting peritoneal macrophage polarity from the M1 to M2 phenotype, suppressing T helper (Th) 1/Th17 cell responses and inducing regulatory T (Treg) cells. They also inhibited the proliferation of mouse and canine T cells in vitro. These immunomodulatory effects were comparable with primary cells. These results highlight the feasibility of our immortalized cADSCs as a cell source for stem cell therapy with stable therapeutic efficacy because they maintain the immunomodulatory capacity of primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyo Yasumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (R.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Takahiro Teshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (R.S.); (H.M.)
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Nagashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (T.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (T.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Takashi Takano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan;
| | - Yoshiaki Taira
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (R.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Ryohei Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (R.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (R.S.); (H.M.)
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10
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Koch TG, Kuzma-Hunt AG, Russell KA. Overview of Equine Stem Cells: Sources, Practices, and Potential Safety Concerns. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023; 39:461-474. [PMID: 37574382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, equine veterinarians are turning increasingly to stem cell therapies to repair damaged tissues or to promote healing through modulation of the immune system. Research is ongoing into optimizing practices associated with stem cell product transport, dosage, and administration. Culture-expanded equine mesenchymal stem cell therapies seem safe, even when used allogeneically, but various safety concerns should be considered. Stem cells and cellular reprogramming tools hold great promise for future equine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Alexander G Kuzma-Hunt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Keith A Russell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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11
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Caliani Carrera AL, Minto BW, Malard P, Brunel HDSS. The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome (Extracellular Microvesicles and Exosomes) in Animals' Musculoskeletal and Neurologic-Related Disorders. Vet Med Int 2023; 2023:8819506. [PMID: 38023428 PMCID: PMC10645499 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8819506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The advances in regenerative medicine are very important for the development of medicine and the discovery of stem cells has shown a greater capacity to raise the level of therapeutic quality while their use becomes more accessible, especially in their mesenchymal form. In veterinary medicine, it is not different. The use of those cells, as well as recent advances related to the use of their extracellular vesicles, demonstrates a great opportunity to enhance therapeutic methods and ensure more life quality for patients, which can be in clinical or surgical treatments. Knowing the advances in these modalities and the growing clinical and surgery research and demands for innovations in orthopedic and neurology medicines, this paper aimed to review the literature about the methodologies of use and applications such as the pathways of action and the advances that were postulated for microvesicles and exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in veterinary medicine, especially for musculoskeletal disorders and related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alefe Luiz Caliani Carrera
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av Paulo Donato Castelane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Watanabe Minto
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av Paulo Donato Castelane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Malard
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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12
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Burk J, Wittenberg-Voges L, Schubert S, Horstmeier C, Brehm W, Geburek F. Treatment of Naturally Occurring Tendon Disease with Allogeneic Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Randomized, Controlled, Triple-Blinded Pilot Study in Horses. Cells 2023; 12:2513. [PMID: 37947591 PMCID: PMC10650642 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of tendinopathies with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a promising option in equine and human medicine. However, conclusive clinical evidence is lacking. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into clinical treatment efficacy and to identify suitable outcome measures for larger clinical studies. Fifteen horses with early naturally occurring tendon disease were assigned to intralesional treatment with allogeneic adipose-derived MSCs suspended in serum or with serum alone through block randomization (dosage adapted to lesion size). Clinicians and horse owners remained blinded to the treatment during 12 months (seven horses per group) and 18 months (seven MSC-group and five control-group horses) of follow-up including clinical examinations and diagnostic imaging. Clinical inflammation, lameness, and ultrasonography scores improved more over time in the MSC group. The lameness score difference significantly improved in the MSC group compared with the control group after 6 months. In the MSC group, five out of the seven horses were free of re-injuries and back to training until 12 and 18 months. In the control group, three out of the seven horses were free of re-injuries until 12 months. These results suggest that MSCs are effective for the treatment of early-phase tendon disease and provide a basis for a larger controlled study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Burk
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Liza Wittenberg-Voges
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Susanna Schubert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Carolin Horstmeier
- Department for Horses, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.H.); (W.B.)
| | - Walter Brehm
- Department for Horses, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.H.); (W.B.)
| | - Florian Geburek
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
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13
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Heimann M, Elashry MI, Klymiuk MC, Eldaey A, Wenisch S, Arnhold S. Optimizing the Adipogenic Induction Protocol Using Rosiglitazone Improves the Physiological Parameters and Differentiation Capacity of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Horses, Sheep, Dogs, Murines, and Humans. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3224. [PMID: 37893949 PMCID: PMC10603751 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) has received considerable interest in regenerative medicine. A nontoxic adipogenic induction protocol valid for cells of different mammalian species has not been described. This study aims to establish an adipogenic differentiation protocol suitable for horses, sheep, dogs, murines, and human cells. An optimized rosiglitazone protocol, consisting of 5% fetal calf serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, 10 μg/mL insulin, 0.55 μg/mL transferrin, 6.8 ng sodium selenite, 1 μM dexamethasone, and 1-5 μM of rosiglitazone, is compared to the 3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine (IBMX) protocol, where rosiglitazone was replaced with 0.5 mM IBMX and 0.2 mM indomethacin. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, a morphometric analysis of the lipid, and the expression of adipogenic markers for 14 days were assessed. The data revealed that using 5 µM of rosiglitazone promotes the adipogenic differentiation capacity in horse, sheep, and dog cells compared to IBMX induction. Meanwhile, marked reductions in the cell viability and cell number with the IBMX protocol were detected, and rosiglitazone increased the cell number and lipid droplet size, prevented apoptosis, and upregulated FABP-4 and Leptin expression in the cells of most of the species. Our data revealed that the rosiglitazone protocol improves the adipogenesis of ASCs, together with having less toxicity, and should be considered for cell reproducibility and clinical applications targeting obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Heimann
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.C.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohamed I. Elashry
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.C.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Michele C. Klymiuk
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.C.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Asmaa Eldaey
- Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.E.); (S.W.)
| | - Sabine Wenisch
- Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.E.); (S.W.)
| | - Stefan Arnhold
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.C.K.); (S.A.)
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14
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Αnatolitou A, Μavrogenis AF, Sideri KI, Psalla D, Krystalli AA, Prassinos NN. Comparison of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells therapeutic potentials in rabbits' cartilage defects: Μacroscopic and histological outcomes. Res Vet Sci 2023; 162:104948. [PMID: 37478792 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are safe and effective for treating joint injuries. However, the most suitable cell source remains controversial. This randomized controlled, double-blind study aimed to evaluate the potentials of rabbit allogeneic bone marrow- (BMSCs), adipose- (ASCs) and synovial membrane- (SDSCs) derived stem cells encapsulated in fibrin glue (FG) in vivo. The therapeutic properties of fibrin glue in critical-sized osteochondral defects (ODs) were also investigated. A 3 × 3 mm-sized OD was created in the femoral patellar groove on both knees of New Zealand rabbits, except from the left knees of the control group in which the OD was 2 × 3mm. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (right/left knee): 3 × 3 mm / 2 × 3 mm-sized OD control group, FG/FG with ASCs group, FG/FG with BMSCs group, FG/FG with SDSCs group. The International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) and the O'Driscoll scales were used to evaluate tissue characteristics after 12 weeks. FG promoted the production of reparative tissue with superior macroscopic features. Allogeneic MSCs combined with FG improved the macroscopic and histological scores more than the FG groups. The tissue in the SDSCs group was macroscopically and histologically better than the ASCs and BMSCs groups. The ICRS score differed among the SDSCs and the ASCs groups, while the empty critical-sized ODs were filled with inferior tissue compared to smaller ones. The preclinical feasibility of stem cells for OD regeneration in rabbits and the osteochondrogenic superiority of SDSCs was demonstrated. Additional tests and extended studies are required to reassure the long-term safety of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Αnatolitou
- Surgery & Obstetrics Unit, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - A F Μavrogenis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, First Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - K I Sideri
- Surgery Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - D Psalla
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A A Krystalli
- Surgery & Obstetrics Unit, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N N Prassinos
- Surgery & Obstetrics Unit, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Wang Y, Alexander M, Scott T, Cox DCT, Wellington A, Chan MKS, Wong MBF, Adalsteinsson O, Lakey JRT. Stem Cell Therapy for Aging Related Diseases and Joint Diseases in Companion Animals. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2457. [PMID: 37570266 PMCID: PMC10417747 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is an attractive treatment for diseases in companion animals that cannot be treated by conventional veterinary medicine practices. The unique properties of stem cells, particularly the ability to differentiate into specific cell types, makes them a focal point in regenerative medicine treatments. Stem cell transplantation, especially using mesenchymal stem cells, has been proposed as a means to treat a wide range of injuries and ailments, resulting in tissue regeneration or repair. This review aims to summarize the veterinary use of stem cells for treating age-related and joint diseases, which are common conditions in pets. While additional research is necessary and certain limitations exist, the potential of stem cell therapy for companion animals is immense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Wang
- California Medical Innovations Institute, 11107 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Todd Scott
- Crestwood Veterinary Clinic, Edmonton, AB T5P 1J9, Canada
| | - Desiree C. T. Cox
- European Wellness Group, Klosterstrasse 205ID, 67480 Edenkoben, Germany
- Graduate Faculty, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 07013, USA
| | | | - Mike K. S. Chan
- European Wellness Group, Klosterstrasse 205ID, 67480 Edenkoben, Germany
| | | | - Orn Adalsteinsson
- European Wellness Group, Klosterstrasse 205ID, 67480 Edenkoben, Germany
| | - Jonathan R. T. Lakey
- California Medical Innovations Institute, 11107 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Pielok A, Kępska M, Steczkiewicz Z, Grobosz S, Bourebaba L, Marycz K. Equine Hoof Progenitor Cells Display Increased Mitochondrial Metabolism and Adaptive Potential to a Highly Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11446. [PMID: 37511204 PMCID: PMC10379971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal signaling cells (MSC) exhibit distinct molecular signatures and biological abilities, depending on the type of tissue they originate from. Recently, we isolated and described a new population of stem cells residing in the coronary corium, equine hoof progenitor cells (HPCs), which could be a new promising cell pool for the treatment of laminitis. Therefore, this study aimed to compare native populations of HPCs to well-established adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in standard culture conditions and in a pro-inflammatory milieu to mimic a laminitis condition. ASCs and HPCs were either cultured in standard conditions or subjected to priming with a cytokines cocktail mixture. The cells were harvested and analyzed for expression of key markers for phenotype, mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and immunomodulation using RT-qPCR. The morphology and migration were assessed based on fluorescent staining. Microcapillary cytometry analyses were performed to assess the distribution in the cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidative stress. Native HPCs exhibited a similar morphology to ASCs, but a different phenotype. The HPCs possessed lower migration capacity and distinct distribution across cell cycle phases. Native HPCs were characterized by different mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress levels. Under standard culture conditions, HPCs displayed different expression patterns of apoptotic and immunomodulatory markers than ASCs, as well as distinct miRNA expression. Interestingly, after priming with the cytokines cocktail mixture, HPCs exhibited different mitochondrial dynamics than ASCs; however, the apoptosis and immunomodulatory marker expression was similar in both populations. Native ASCs and HPCs exhibited different baseline expressions of markers involved in mitochondrial dynamics, the oxidative stress response, apoptosis and inflammation. When exposed to a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, ASCs and HPCs differed in the expression of mitochondrial condition markers and chosen miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Pielok
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Kępska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Steczkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Grobosz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
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17
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Bhaskar V, Saini S, Ansari S, Ghai S, Thakur A, Chopra S, Verma V, Malakar D. Allogenic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells are effective than antibiotics in treating endometritis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11280. [PMID: 37438398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is a uterine inflammatory disease that causes reduced livestock fertility, milk production and lifespan leading to significant economic losses to the dairy industry. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may act as an alternative for inefficacy of antibiotics and rising antibiotic resistance in endometritis. The present study aimed to cure the chronic endometritic buffaloes using allogenic adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSC). AD-MSCs were isolated from buffalo adipose tissue and characterized by multilineage differentiation as well as MSC-specific markers. The in vivo safety and efficacy were assessed after infusion of AD-MSCs. In safety trial, cells were administered in healthy buffaloes via different routes (IV and IC) followed by examination of clinical and hematological parameters. In efficacy study, AD-MSCs treatments (IV and IC) and antibiotic therapy (ABT) in endometritic buffaloes were comparatively evaluated. AD-MSCs did not induced any immunological reaction in treated buffaloes. PMN count, CRP levels and VDS were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced after AD-MSCs infusions in IV and IC groups and no significant difference was observed in antibiotic group. The IV group was marked with 50% absolute risk reduction in endometritis and 50% live calf births after artificial insemination in comparison with ABT group. Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL4 and IL10) and anti-microbial peptides (PI3, CATHL4, LCN2 and CST3) expressions were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) upregulated in IV group. The calf delivery rate after the treatments in IV group was higher (50%, 3 calves) than the other groups (IC: 33.3%, 2 calves; ABT: 16.6%, 1 calf). In conclusion, the administration of AD-MSCs through IV route was found to be safe and efficacious for alleviating chronic endometritis in dairy buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Bhaskar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 132001
| | - Sikander Saini
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 132001
| | - Shama Ansari
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 132001
| | - Shubham Ghai
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 132001
| | - Abhishek Thakur
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 132001
| | - Suman Chopra
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 132001
| | - Vivekananda Verma
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 132001
| | - Dhruba Malakar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 132001.
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Soukup R, Gerner I, Mohr T, Gueltekin S, Grillari J, Jenner F. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Modulates Inflammation in Tenocytes: Complete Conditioned Medium Has Superior Therapeutic Efficacy than Its Extracellular Vesicle Fraction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10857. [PMID: 37446034 PMCID: PMC10342101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy, a prevalent overuse injury, lacks effective treatment options, leading to a significant impact on quality of life and socioeconomic burden. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their secretome, including conditioned medium (CM) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), have shown promise in tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. However, it remains unclear which components of the secretome contribute to their therapeutic effects. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of CM, EVs, and the soluble protein fraction (PF) in treating inflamed tenocytes. CM exhibited the highest protein and particle concentrations, followed by PF and EVs. Inflammation significantly altered gene expression in tenocytes, with CM showing the most distinct separation from the inflamed control group. Treatment with CM resulted in the most significant differential gene expression, with both upregulated and downregulated genes related to inflammation and tissue regeneration. EV treatment also demonstrated a therapeutic effect, albeit to a lesser extent. These findings suggest that CM holds superior therapeutic efficacy compared with its EV fraction alone, emphasizing the importance of the complete secretome in tendon injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Soukup
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria (I.G.)
| | - Iris Gerner
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria (I.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Science Consult DI Thomas Mohr KG, 2353 Guntramsdorf, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sinan Gueltekin
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria (I.G.)
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria (I.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Herrera D, Lodoso-Torrecilla I, Ginebra MP, Rappe K, Franch J. Osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived canine mesenchymal stem cells seeded in porous calcium-phosphate scaffolds. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1149413. [PMID: 37332740 PMCID: PMC10272761 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1149413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Engineered bone graft substitutes are a promising alternative and supplement to autologous bone grafts as treatments for bone healing impairment. Advances in human medicine extend an invitation to pursue these biomimetic strategies in animal patients, substantiated by the theory that specialized scaffolds, multipotent cells, and biological cues may be combined into a bioactive implant intended for the enhancement of tissue regeneration. Methods This proof-of-concept study was designed to evaluate and validate the feasibility of beta-tricalcium phosphate foam scaffolds seeded with canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue. Cell-inoculated samples and sham controls were cultured statically for 72 hours in complete growth medium to evaluate seeding capacity, while a subset of loaded scaffolds was further induced with osteogenic culture medium for 21 days. Produced implants were characterized and validated with a combination of immunofluorescence and reflection confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction to confirm osteogenic differentiation in tridimensional-induced samples. Results After 72 hours of culture, all inoculated scaffolds presented widespread yet heterogeneous surface seeding, distinctively congregating stem cells around pore openings. Furthermore, at 21 days of osteogenic culture conditions, robust osteoblastic differentiation of the seeded cells was confirmed by the change of cell morphology and evident deposition of extra-cellular matrix, accompanied by mineralization and scaffold remodeling; furthermore, all induced cell-loaded implants lost specific stemness immunophenotype expression and simultaneously upregulated genomic expression of osteogenic genes Osterix and Ostecalcin. Conclusions β-TCP bio-ceramic foam scaffolds proved to be suitable carriers and hosts of canine adipose-derived MSCs, promoting not only surface attachment and proliferation, but also demonstrating strong in-vitro osteogenic potential. Although this research provides satisfactory in-vitro validation for the conceptualization and feasibility of a canine bio-active bone implant, further testing such as patient safety, large-scale reproducibility, and quality assessment are needed for regulatory compliance in future commercial clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Herrera
- Bone Regeneration Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Irene Lodoso-Torrecilla
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katrin Rappe
- Bone Regeneration Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Franch
- Bone Regeneration Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Petrova V, Vachkova E. Outlook of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Challenges to Their Clinical Application in Horses. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050348. [PMID: 37235430 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is recognized as the major endocrine organ, potentially acting as a source of mesenchymal stem cells for various applications in regenerative medicine. Athletic horses are often exposed to traumatic injuries, resulting in severe financial losses. The development of adipose-derived stem cells' regenerative potential depends on many factors. The extraction of stem cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue is non-invasive, non-traumatic, cheaper, and safer than other sources. Since there is a lack of unique standards for identification, the isolated cells and applied differentiation protocols are often not species-specific; therefore, the cells cannot reveal their multipotent properties, so their stemness features remain questionable. The current review discusses some aspects of the specificity of equine adipose stem cells concerning their features, immunophenotyping, secretome profile, differentiation abilities, culturing conditions, and consequent possibilities for clinical application in concrete disorders. The presented new approaches elucidate the possibility of the transition from cell-based to cell-free therapy with regenerative purposes in horses as an alternative treatment to cellular therapy. In conclusion, their clinical benefits should not be underestimated due to the higher yield and the physiological properties of adipose-derived stem cells that facilitate the healing and tissue regeneration process and the ability to amplify the effects of traditional treatments. More profound studies are necessary to apply these innovative approaches when treating traumatic disorders in racing horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Petrova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Vachkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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21
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Barrachina L, Arshaghi TE, O'Brien A, Ivanovska A, Barry F. Induced pluripotent stem cells in companion animals: how can we move the field forward? Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1176772. [PMID: 37180067 PMCID: PMC10168294 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1176772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a one medicine approach, the development of regenerative therapies for human patients leads to innovative treatments for animals, while pre-clinical studies on animals provide knowledge to advance human medicine. Among many different biological products under investigation, stem cells are among the most prominent. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are extensively investigated, but they present challenges such as senescence and limited differentiation ability. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells with a virtually unlimited capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, but the use of embryos carries ethical concerns. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can overcome all of these limitations, as they closely resemble ESCs but are derived from adult cells by reprogramming in the laboratory using pluripotency-associated transcription factors. iPSCs hold great potential for applications in therapy, disease modeling, drug screening, and even species preservation strategies. However, iPSC technology is less developed in veterinary species compared to human. This review attempts to address the specific challenges associated with generating and applying iPSCs from companion animals. Firstly, we discuss strategies for the preparation of iPSCs in veterinary species and secondly, we address the potential for different applications of iPSCs in companion animals. Our aim is to provide an overview on the state of the art of iPSCs in companion animals, focusing on equine, canine, and feline species, as well as to identify which aspects need further optimization and, where possible, to provide guidance on future advancements. Following a "step-by-step" approach, we cover the generation of iPSCs in companion animals from the selection of somatic cells and the reprogramming strategies, to the expansion and characterization of iPSCs. Subsequently, we revise the current applications of iPSCs in companion animals, identify the main hurdles, and propose future paths to move the field forward. Transferring the knowledge gained from human iPSCs can increase our understanding in the biology of pluripotent cells in animals, but it is critical to further investigate the differences among species to develop specific approaches for animal iPSCs. This is key for significantly advancing iPSC application in veterinary medicine, which at the same time will also allow gaining pre-clinical knowledge transferable to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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22
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Ihrke A. Multimodal Approach to Pain Management in Veterinary Rehabilitation. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:731-742. [PMID: 37019720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Pain recognition, assessment, and management is a primary focus and an integral part of veterinary rehabilitation. Evidence-based pain mitigation protocols will use both pharmacologic tools and nonpharmacologic methods to create a customized, safe, and effective treatment plan. A multimodal, patient-centered approach will allow for the best outcomes for pain relief and improved quality of life.
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23
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Scattini G, Pellegrini M, Severi G, Cagiola M, Pascucci L. The Stromal Vascular Fraction from Canine Adipose Tissue Contains Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Subpopulations That Show Time-Dependent Adhesion to Cell Culture Plastic Vessels. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071175. [PMID: 37048431 PMCID: PMC10093060 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are extensively studied in both human and veterinary medicine. Their isolation is usually performed by collagenase digestion followed by filtration and removal of nonadherent tissue remnants 48 h after seeding. We observed that waste tissue fragments contain cells that adhere belatedly to the plastic. We aimed to investigate their basic properties to speculate on the possible existence of MSC subpopulations. Adipose tissue from three dogs was enzymatically digested. Three cell populations that adhered to the culture plastic 48, 96, and 144 h after seeding were obtained. After expansion, they were analyzed by flow cytometry for MSC-positive (CD90, CD44, and CD29) and -negative (CD14, MHCII, and CD45) markers as well as for endothelial, pericyte, and smooth muscle cell markers (CD31, CD146, and alpha-SMA). Furthermore, cells were assessed for viability, doubling time, and trilineage differentiation ability. No significant differences were found between the three subpopulations. As a result, this procedure has proven to be a valuable method for dramatically improving MSCs yield. As a consequence of cell recovery optimization, the amount of tissue harvested could be reduced, and the time required to obtain sufficient cells for clinical applications could be shortened. Further studies are needed to uncover possible different functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Scattini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Pellegrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-075-3431 (M.P.); +39-075-585-7632 (L.P.)
| | - Giulio Severi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Cagiola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-075-3431 (M.P.); +39-075-585-7632 (L.P.)
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24
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Tian Z, Yu T, Liu J, Wang T, Higuchi A. Introduction to stem cells. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 199:3-32. [PMID: 37678976 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have self-renewal capability and can proliferate and differentiate into a variety of functionally active cells that can serve in various tissues and organs. This review discusses the history, definition, and classification of stem cells. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) mainly include embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the embryo. Induced pluripotent stem cells are derived from reprogramming somatic cells. Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into cells derived from all three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). Adult stem cells can be multipotent or unipotent and can produce tissue-specific terminally differentiated cells. Stem cells can be used in cell therapy to replace and regenerate damaged tissues or organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
| | - Akon Higuchi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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25
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Westerkowsky EK, Soares de Almeida AM, Selle M, Harms O, Bundkirchen K, Neunaber C, Noack S. Characterization of Human, Ovine and Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow: Critical In Vitro Comparison with Regard to Humans. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030718. [PMID: 36983873 PMCID: PMC10058698 DOI: 10.3390/life13030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
For research and clinical use of stem cells, a suitable animal model is necessary. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) with those from sheep (oBMSCs) and pigs (pBMSCs). The cells from these three species were examined for their self-renewal potential; proliferation potential; adhesion and migration capacity; adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential; and cell morphology. There was no significant difference between hBMSCs and pBMSCs in terms of self-renewal potential or growth potential. The oBMSCs exhibited a significantly higher doubling time than hBMSCs from passage 7. The migration assay showed significant differences between hBMSCs and pBMSCs and oBMSCs—up to 30 min, hBMSCs were faster than both types and after 60 min faster than pBMSCs. In the adhesion assay, hBMSCs were significantly better than oBMSCs and pBMSCs. When differentiating in the direction of osteogenesis, oBMSCs and pBMSCs have shown a clearer osteogenic potential. In all three species, adipogenesis could only be evaluated qualitatively. The chondrogenic differentiation was successful in hBMSCs and pBMSCs in contrast to oBMSCs. It is also important to note that the cell size of pBMSCs was significantly smaller compared to hBMSCs. Finally, it can be concluded that further comparative studies are needed to draw a clear comparison between hBMSCs and pBMSCs/oBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Katja Westerkowsky
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Trauma Surgery, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael Selle
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Trauma Surgery, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Harms
- Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Bundkirchen
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Trauma Surgery, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Neunaber
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Trauma Surgery, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Noack
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Trauma Surgery, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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26
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Future regenerative medicine developments and their therapeutic applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114131. [PMID: 36538861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the currently available pharmacological assays can cure most pathological disorders, they have limited therapeutic value in relieving certain disorders like myocardial infarct, peripheral vascular disease, amputated limbs, or organ failure (e.g. renal failure). Pilot studies to overcome such problems using regenerative medicine (RM) delivered promising data. Comprehensive investigations of RM in zebrafish or reptilians are necessary for better understanding. However, the precise mechanisms remain poorly understood despite the tremendous amount of data obtained using the zebrafish model investigating the exact mechanisms behind their regenerative capability. Indeed, understanding such mechanisms and their application to humans can save millions of lives from dying due to potentially life-threatening events. Recent studies have launched a revolution in replacing damaged human organs via different approaches in the last few decades. The newly established branch of medicine (known as Regenerative Medicine aims to enhance natural repair mechanisms. This can be done through the application of several advanced broad-spectrum technologies such as organ transplantation, tissue engineering, and application of Scaffolds technology (support vascularization using an extracellular matrix), stem cell therapy, miRNA treatment, development of 3D mini-organs (organoids), and the construction of artificial tissues using nanomedicine and 3D bio-printers. Moreover, in the next few decades, revolutionary approaches in regenerative medicine will be applied based on artificial intelligence and wireless data exchange, soft intelligence biomaterials, nanorobotics, and even living robotics capable of self-repair. The present work presents a comprehensive overview that summarizes the new and future advances in the field of RM.
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Adamič N, Vengust M. Regenerative medicine in lung diseases: A systematic review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1115708. [PMID: 36733636 PMCID: PMC9887049 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has opened the door to the exploration of new therapeutic methods for the treatment of various diseases, especially those associated with local or general disregulation of the immune system. In pulmonary diseases, new therapeutic strategies have emerged that are aimed at restoring functional lung tissue rather than alleviating symptoms. These strategies focus on tissue regeneration using stem cells and/or their derivatives or replacement of dysfunctional tissue using biomedical engineering. Animal health can directly benefit from regenerative therapy strategies and also serve as a translational experimental model for human disease. Several clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effects of cellular treatment on inflammatory lung disease in animals. Data reported to date show several beneficial effects in ex vivo and in vivo models; however, our understanding of the mechanisms that regenerative therapies exert on diseased tissues remains incomplete.
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Armitage AJ, Miller JM, Sparks TH, Georgiou AE, Reid J. Efficacy of autologous mesenchymal stromal cell treatment for chronic degenerative musculoskeletal conditions in dogs: A retrospective study. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1014687. [PMID: 36713862 PMCID: PMC9880336 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1014687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze clinical data from a referral regenerative medicine practice, to investigate the efficacy of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in 245 dogs deemed unresponsive to conventional treatment by their referring vet. Methods Diagnostic imaging [radiology and musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US)] identified musculoskeletal pathology holistically. MSCs, produced according to current guidelines, were initially administered with PRP by targeted injection to joints and/or tendons, with a second MSC monotherapy administered 12 weeks later to dogs with severe pathology and/or previous elbow arthroscopic interventions. Dogs with lumbosacral disease received epidural MSCs with additional intravenous MSCs administered to dogs with spondylosis of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. All dogs received laser therapy at 10 J/cm2 at the time of treatment and for 5 sessions thereafter. Objective outcome measures (stance analysis, range of joint motion, pressure algometry) and validated subjective outcome measures (owner reported VetMetrica HRQL™ and veterinary pain and quality of life impact scores) were used to investigate short and long-term (6-104 weeks) efficacy. Outcome data were collected at predetermined time windows (0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24, 25-48, 49-78, 79-104) weeks after initial treatment. Results There were statistically significant improvements in post compared with pre-treatment measures at all time windows in stance analysis, shoulder and hip range of motion, lumbosacral pressure algometry, and to 49-78 weeks in carpus and elbow range of motion. Improvements in 4 domains of quality of life as measured by VetMetricaTM were statistically significant, as were scores in vet-assessed pain and quality of life impact. In dogs receiving one initial treatment the mean time before a second treatment was required to maintain improvements in objective measures was 451 days. Diagnostic imaging confirmed the regenerative effects of MSCs in tendinopathies by demonstrating resolution of abnormal mineralization and restoration of normal fiber patterns. Discussion This represents the first study using "real-world" data to show that cell-based therapies, injected into multiple areas of musculoskeletal pathology in a targeted holistic approach, resulted in rapid and profound positive effects on the patient's pain state and quality of life which was maintained with repeat treatment for up to 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Armitage
- Greenside Veterinary Practice, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Melrose, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Andrew J. Armitage ✉
| | | | - Tim H. Sparks
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Alex E. Georgiou
- Cell Therapy Sciences Ltd., Coventry, United Kingdom,Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Reid
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom,NewMetrica Research Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Mayet A, Zablotski Y, Roth SP, Brehm W, Troillet A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of positive long-term effects after intra-articular administration of orthobiologic therapeutics in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1125695. [PMID: 36908512 PMCID: PMC9997849 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1125695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine veterinarians face challenges in treating horses with osteoarthritic joint pain in routine veterinary practice. All common treatment options aim to reduce the clinical consequences of osteoarthritis (OA) characterized by persistent synovitis and progressive degradation of articular cartilage. A range of joint-associated cell types and extracellular matrices are involved in the not yet entirely understood chronic inflammatory process. Regeneration of articular tissues to re-establish joint hemostasis is the future perspective when fundamental healing of OA is the long-term goal. The use of intra-articular applied biologic therapeutics derived from blood or mesenchymal stroma cell (MSC) sources is nowadays a well-accepted treatment option. Although this group of therapeutics is not totally consistent due to the lack of clear definitions and compositions, they all share a potential regenerative effect on articular tissues as described in in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the current stage of science in regenerative medicine needs to be supported by clinical reports as in fact, in vitro studies as well as studies using induced OA models still represent a fragment of the complex pathomechanism of naturally occurring OA. This systemic review aims to determine the long-term effect of orthobiologic therapeutics in horses suffering naturally occurring OA. Thereby, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is conducted to describe the efficiency and safety of intra-articular applied orthobiologics in terms of lameness reduction in the long-term. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria for the systemic review. Four of those studies have further been evaluated by the meta-analysis comparing the long-term effect in lameness reduction. Each study was examined for risk of bias. For data evaluation, a random-effects model was used, describing the overall outcome in a forest plot. The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Results indicate, that orthobiologic therapies represent an effective long-term and safe OA treatment option. Due to the inhomogeneity of included studies, no statements are provided addressing specific orthobiologic therapies, affected joints, OA stage and horse's intended use. Future clinical trials should follow standardized study designs to provide comparable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mayet
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Pauline Roth
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walter Brehm
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonia Troillet
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Optimal Intravenous Administration Procedure for Efficient Delivery of Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314681. [PMID: 36499004 PMCID: PMC9740176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are currently being investigated for their therapeutic applications in a wide range of diseases. Although many studies examined peripheral venous administration of MSC, few have investigated the detailed intravenous administration procedures of MSC from their preparation until they enter the body. The current study therefore aimed to explore the most efficient infusion procedure for MSC delivery by preparing and infusing them under various conditions. Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cADSC) were infused using different infusion apparatuses, suspension solutions, allogenic serum supplementation, infusion time and rates, and cell densities, respectively. Live and dead cell counts were then assessed by manual measurements and flow cytometry. Efficiency of live- and dead-cell infusion and cell viability were calculated from the measured cell counts and compared under each condition. Efficiency of live-cell infusion differed significantly according to the infusion apparatus, infusion rate, and combination of cell density and serum supplementation. Cell viability after infusion differed significantly between the infusion apparatuses. The optimal infusion procedure resulting in the highest cell delivery and viability involved suspending cADSC in normal saline supplemented with 5% allogenic serum at a density of 5 × 105 cells/mL, and infusing them using an automatic infusion device for 15 min. This procedure is therefore recommended as the standard procedure for the intravenous administration of ADSC in terms of cell-delivery efficiency.
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El-Husseiny HM, Mady EA, Helal MAY, Tanaka R. The Pivotal Role of Stem Cells in Veterinary Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Vet Sci 2022; 9:648. [PMID: 36423096 PMCID: PMC9698002 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of new regenerative therapeutic modalities in the veterinary practice has recently picked up a lot of interest. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a high capacity to self-renew and develop into tissue cells with specific roles. Hence, they are an effective therapeutic option to ameliorate the ability of the body to repair and engineer damaged tissues. Currently, based on their facile isolation and culture procedures and the absence of ethical concerns with their use, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising stem cell type for therapeutic applications. They are becoming more and more well-known in veterinary medicine because of their exceptional immunomodulatory capabilities. However, their implementation on the clinical scale is still challenging. These limitations to their use in diverse affections in different animals drive the advancement of these therapies. In the present article, we discuss the ability of MSCs as a potent therapeutic modality for the engineering of different animals' tissues including the heart, skin, digestive system (mouth, teeth, gastrointestinal tract, and liver), musculoskeletal system (tendons, ligaments, joints, muscles, and nerves), kidneys, respiratory system, and eyes based on the existing knowledge. Moreover, we highlighted the promises of the implementation of MSCs in clinical use in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M. El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Mady
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Y. Helal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
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Monteiro BP, Lascelles BDX, Murrell J, Robertson S, Steagall PVM, Wright B. 2022
WSAVA
guidelines for the recognition, assessment and treatment of pain. J Small Anim Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Monteiro
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Université de Montréal 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint‐Hyacinthe Quebec Canada
| | - B. D. X. Lascelles
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory and Surgery Section North Carolina State University 4700 Hillsborough Street Raleigh NC USA
| | - J. Murrell
- Highcroft Veterinary Referrals 615 Wells Rd, Whitchurch Bristol BS149BE UK
| | - S. Robertson
- Senior Medical Director Lap of Love Veterinary Hospice 17804 N US Highway 41 Lutz FL 33549 USA
| | - P. V. M. Steagall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Université de Montréal 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint‐Hyacinthe Quebec Canada
| | - B. Wright
- Mistral Vet 4450 Thompson Pkwy Fort Collins CO 80534 USA
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Pye C, Bruniges N, Peffers M, Comerford E. Advances in the pharmaceutical treatment options for canine osteoarthritis. J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63:721-738. [PMID: 35285032 PMCID: PMC9790257 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine osteoarthritis is a significant cause of pain in many dogs and can therefore compromise animal welfare. As the understanding of the biology and pain mechanisms underpinning osteoarthritis grows, so do the number of treatments available to manage it. Over the last decade, there have been a number of advances in the pharmaceutical treatment options available for dogs with osteoarthritis, as well as an increasing number of clinical trials investigating the efficacy of pre-existing treatments. This review aims to examine the current evidence behind pharmaceutical treatment options for canine osteoarthritis, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, piprants, monoclonal antibodies, adjunctive analgesics, structure modifying osteoarthritis drugs and regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pye
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolWilliam Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby StreetLiverpoolL7 8TXUK
| | - N. Bruniges
- University of Liverpool Small Animal Teaching HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolLeahurst Campus, Chester High RoadNestonCH64 7TEUK
| | - M. Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolWilliam Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby StreetLiverpoolL7 8TXUK
| | - E. Comerford
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolWilliam Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby StreetLiverpoolL7 8TXUK
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Mizuno T, Inoue M, Kubo T, Iwaki Y, Kawamoto K, Itamoto K, Kambayashi S, Igase M, Baba K, Okuda M. Improvement of anemia in five dogs with nonregenerative anemia treated with allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 17:100264. [PMID: 35898238 PMCID: PMC9310121 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Five canine cases with nonregenerative anemia were included in this study. All were treated with allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). All cases showed improvement of anemia by ADSCs treatment.
Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusions
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Hagen A, Niebert S, Brandt VP, Holland H, Melzer M, Wehrend A, Burk J. Functional properties of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells cultured with equine platelet lysate. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:890302. [PMID: 36016806 PMCID: PMC9395693 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.890302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful translation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies into clinical reality relies on adequate cell production procedures. These should be available not only for human MSC, but also for MSC from animal species relevant to preclinical research and veterinary medicine. The cell culture medium supplementation is one of the critical aspects in MSC production. Therefore, we previously established a scalable protocol for the production of buffy-coat based equine platelet lysate (ePL). This ePL proved to be a suitable alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) for equine adipose-derived (AD-) MSC culture so far, as it supported AD-MSC proliferation and basic characteristics. The aim of the current study was to further analyze the functional properties of equine AD-MSC cultured with the same ePL, focusing on cell fitness, genetic stability and pro-angiogenic potency. All experiments were performed with AD-MSC from n = 5 horses, which were cultured either in medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 10% ePL or 2.5% ePL. AD-MSC cultured with 2.5% ePL, which previously showed decreased proliferation potential, displayed higher apoptosis but lower senescence levels as compared to 10% ePL medium (p < 0.05). Non-clonal chromosomal aberrations occurred in 8% of equine AD-MSC cultivated with FBS and only in 4.8% of equine AD-MSC cultivated with 10% ePL. Clonal aberrations in the AD-MSC were neither observed in FBS nor in 10% ePL medium. Analysis of AD-MSC and endothelial cells in an indirect co-culture revealed that the ePL supported the pro-angiogenic effects of AD-MSC. In the 10% ePL group, more vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) was released and highest VEGF-A concentrations were reached in the presence of ePL and co-cultured cells (p < 0.05). Correspondingly, AD-MSC expressed the VEGF receptor-2 at higher levels in the presence of ePL (p < 0.05). Finally, AD-MSC and 10% ePL together promoted the growth of endothelial cells and induced the formation of vessel-like structures in two of the samples. These data further substantiate that buffy-coat-based ePL is a valuable supplement for equine AD-MSC culture media. The ePL does not only support stable equine AD-MSC characteristics as demonstrated before, but it also enhances their functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Hagen
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Niebert
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vivian-Pascal Brandt
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Holland
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michaela Melzer
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Janina Burk
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Janina Burk
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An Update on Applications of Cattle Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151956. [PMID: 35953945 PMCID: PMC9367612 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Among livestock species, cattle are crucially important for the meat and milk production industry. Cows can be affected by different pathologies, such as mastitis, endometritis and lameness, which can negatively affect either food production or reproductive efficiency. The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a valuable tool both in the treatment of various medical conditions and in the application of reproductive biotechnologies. This review provides an update on state-of-the-art applications of bovine MSCs to clinical treatments and reproductive biotechnologies. Abstract Attention on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) research has increased in the last decade mainly due to the promising results about their plasticity, self-renewal, differentiation potential, immune modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that have made stem cell therapy more clinically attractive. Furthermore, MSCs can be easily isolated and expanded to be used for autologous or allogenic therapy following the administration of either freshly isolated or previously cryopreserved cells. The scientific literature on the use of stromal cells in the treatment of several animal health conditions is currently available. Although MSCs are not as widely used for clinical treatments in cows as for companion and sport animals, they have the potential to be employed to improve productivity in the cattle industry. This review provides an update on state-of-the-art applications of bovine MSCs to clinical treatments and reproductive biotechnologies.
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How to maintain and transport equine adipose tissue for isolating mesenchymal stem cells? BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:284. [PMID: 35864533 PMCID: PMC9306088 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue (AT) is one of the most important mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources because of its high quantities, availability and ease of collection. After being collected samples, they should be transported to a laboratory for stem cell (SC) isolation, culture and expansion for future clinical application. Usually, laboratories are distant from animal husbandry centers; therefore, it is necessary to provide suitable conditions for adipose tissue transportation, such that adipose-derived MSCs are minimally affected. In the current study, the impact of tissue maintenance under different conditions on MSCs derived from these tissues was evaluated. We aimed at finding suitable and practical transportation methods in which ASCs go through the slightest changes. RESULTS In the current study, after being collected, equine AT was randomized into eight groups: four samples were maintained in stem cell culture media at 25 οC and 4 οC for 6 and 12 hrs. as transportation via SC media groups. Three samples were frozen at three different temperatures (- 20, - 75 and - 196 οC) as cryopreserved groups; these samples were defrosted 1 week after cryopreservation. Fresh and unfrozen AT was evaluated as a control group. The tissue samples were then initiated into enzymatic digestion, isolation and the culturing of SCs. Cells at passage three were used to evaluate the ability to form colonies, proliferation rate, plotting of the cell growth curve, and viability rate. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Stem cell isolation was successful in all groups, although purification of SCs from the first series of cryopreservation at - 196 οC and two series of - 20 οC was unsuccessful. There was no significant difference between the surface area of colonies in all groups except for - 20 οC. The growth rate of transportation via stem cell media at 25 οC for 6 hrs. was similar to that of the control group. MTT analysis revealed a significant difference between 25 οC 12 hrs. Group and other experimental groups except for control, 4 οC 12 hrs. and - 196 οC group. CONCLUSION Data have shown freezing at - 75 οC, transportation via stem cell media at 4 οC for 12 hrs. and 25 οC for 6 hrs. are acceptable tissue preservation and transportation methods due to minor effects on MSCs features.
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Effects of Intra-Articular Autologous Adipose Micrograft for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Dogs: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141844. [PMID: 35883392 PMCID: PMC9311928 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of the intra-articular treatment of autologous microfragmented adipose tissue in dogs with spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) in comparison with hyaluronic acid (HA), the standard intra-articular treatment. Specifically, it clinically evaluated pain and lameness, the radiographic progression of osteoarthritis, and synovial fluid inflammation. This was a prospective, single-center, parallel-group, randomized, controlled, in vivo clinical study. Participants (n = 40) received either a single intra-articular injection of microfragmented adipose tissue or a single intra-articular injection of HA (1:1). Clinical outcomes were determined using a specialistic clinician assessment obtained by the completion of a specific clinical form based on the Vesseur modified lameness classification system, a pain evaluation using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the measurement of the range of motion (ROM) of the affected joint, limb circumference, and the owners' score evaluation using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) for up to 6 months after the time of injection. Patients underwent a radiographic examination to establish the degree of OA in the affected joint, and synovial fluid samples were collected to assess the biochemical environment of the joint and evaluate and quantify the cellular population and the presence of three specific inflammation biomarkers for up to 60 days. The results of this study suggest that microfragmented autologous adipose tissue is safe and can effectively relieve pain and improve function in dogs with spontaneous articular OA. This one-step procedure is simple, timesaving, cost-effective, minimally invasive, and eliminates the need for complex and time-intensive cell culture processing. Furthermore, the clinical evidence and cytological results suggest better long-term pain control, resulting in an improvement in joint function, compared to HA treatment. The canine spontaneous OA model could play a key role in developing successful treatments for human medicine.
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Sharun K, Jambagi K, Kumar R, Gugjoo MB, Pawde AM, Tuli HS, Dhama K, Amarpal. Clinical applications of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in veterinary practice. Vet Q 2022; 42:151-166. [PMID: 35841195 PMCID: PMC9364732 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (AdSVF) comprises a heterogeneous cell population, including the multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes. As such, multipotent adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs), are one of the important components of AdSVF. Commonly used techniques to harvest AdSVF involve enzymatic or non-enzymatic methods. The enzymatic method is considered to be the gold standard technique due to its higher yield. The cellular components of AdSVF can be resuspended in normal saline, platelet-rich plasma, or phosphate-buffered saline to produce a ready-to-use solution. Freshly isolated AdSVF has exhibited promising osteogenic and vasculogenic capacity. AdSVF has already been proven to possess therapeutic potential for osteoarthritis management. It is also an attractive therapeutic option for enhancing wound healing. In addition, the combined use of AdSVF and platelet-rich plasma has an additive stimulatory effect in accelerating wound healing and can be considered an alternative to AdMSC treatment. It is also widely used for managing various orthopaedic conditions in clinical settings and has the potential for regenerating bone, cartilage, and tendons. Autologous AdSVF cells are used along with bone substitutes and other biological factors as an alternative to conventional bone grafting techniques owing to their promising osteogenic and vasculogenic capacity. It can also be used for treating osteonecrosis, meniscus tear, chondromalacia, and tendon injuries in veterinary practice. It has several advantages over in vitro expanded AdMSC, including precluding the need for culturing, reduced risk of cell contamination, and cost-effectiveness, making it ideal for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Kaveri Jambagi
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir-190006, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
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Ivanovska A, Wang M, Arshaghi TE, Shaw G, Alves J, Byrne A, Butterworth S, Chandler R, Cuddy L, Dunne J, Guerin S, Harry R, McAlindan A, Mullins RA, Barry F. Manufacturing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Canine Patients: Challenges and Recommendations. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:897150. [PMID: 35754551 PMCID: PMC9230578 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.897150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent interest in advanced biologic therapies in veterinary medicine has opened up opportunities for new treatment modalities with considerable clinical potential. Studies with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from animal species have focused on in vitro characterization (mostly following protocols developed for human application), experimental testing in controlled studies and clinical use in veterinary patients. The ability of MSCs to interact with the inflammatory environment through immunomodulatory and paracrine mechanisms makes them a good candidate for treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions in canine species. Analysis of existing data shows promising results in the treatment of canine hip dysplasia, osteoarthritis and rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in both sport and companion animals. Despite the absence of clear regulatory frameworks for veterinary advanced therapy medicinal products, there has been an increase in the number of commercial cell-based products that are available for clinical applications, and currently the commercial use of veterinary MSC products has outpaced basic research on characterization of the cell product. In the absence of quality standards for MSCs for use in canine patients, their safety, clinical efficacy and production standards are uncertain, leading to a risk of poor product consistency. To deliver high-quality MSC products for veterinary use in the future, there are critical issues that need to be addressed. By translating standards and strategies applied in human MSC manufacturing to products for veterinary use, in a collaborative effort between stem cell scientists and veterinary researchers and surgeons, we hope to facilitate the development of quality standards. We point out critical issues that need to be addressed, including a much higher level of attention to cell characterization, manufacturing standards and release criteria. We provide a set of recommendations that will contribute to the standardization of cell manufacturing methods and better quality assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ivanovska
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tarlan Eslami Arshaghi
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Georgina Shaw
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Russell Chandler
- Orthopaedic Referral Service, Alphavet Veterinary Centre, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Cuddy
- Small Animal Surgery, Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterinary Specialists Ireland, Summerhill, Ireland
| | - James Dunne
- Knocknacarra Veterinary Clinic, Ark Vets Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shane Guerin
- Small Animal Surgery, Gilabbey Veterinary Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Aidan McAlindan
- Northern Ireland Veterinary Specialists, Hillsborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ronan A Mullins
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Characterisation of Extracellular Vesicles from Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105858. [PMID: 35628667 PMCID: PMC9145091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-encapsulated particles secreted by virtually all cell types. EVs play an essential role in cellular crosstalk in health and disease. The cellular origin of EVs determines their composition and potential therapeutic effect. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-derived EVs have shown a comparable therapeutic potential to their donor cells, making them a promising tool for regenerative medicine. The therapeutic application of EVs circumvents some safety concerns associated with the transplantation of viable, replicating cells and facilitates the quality-controlled production as a ready-to-go, off-the-shelf biological therapy. Recently, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) suggested a set of minimal biochemical, biophysical and functional standards to define extracellular vesicles and their functions to improve standardisation in EV research. However, nonstandardised EV isolation methods and the limited availability of cross-reacting markers for most animal species restrict the application of these standards in the veterinary field and, therefore, the species comparability and standardisation of animal experiments. In this study, EVs were isolated from equine bone-marrow-derived MSCs using two different isolation methods, stepwise ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography, and minimal experimental requirements for equine EVs were established and validated. Equine EVs were characterised using a nanotracking analysis, fluorescence-triggered flow cytometry, Western blot and transelectron microscopy. Based on the ISEV standards, minimal criteria for defining equine EVs are suggested as a baseline to allow the comparison of EV preparations obtained by different laboratories.
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Prišlin M, Vlahović D, Kostešić P, Ljolje I, Brnić D, Turk N, Lojkić I, Kunić V, Karadjole T, Krešić N. An Outstanding Role of Adipose Tissue in Canine Stem Cell Therapy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091088. [PMID: 35565514 PMCID: PMC9099541 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, previously known as connective tissue with a role in energy storage, is currently changing the course of treatments in veterinary medicine. Recent studies have revealed one particularly impressive function among all the newly discovered functions of adipose tissue. The interactive cells hosted by adipose tissue, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and their role in treating numerous diseases have provided a prospective course of research with positive outcomes in regenerative veterinary medicine (RVM). This review describes the main features of adipose tissue, emphasizing an eclectic combination of cells within the SVF and its thus far researched therapeutic possibilities in canine RVM. An afterwards focus is on a highly researched component of the SVF, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), which were shown to have an extraordinary impact relying on several proposed mechanisms of action on mitigating pathologies in canines. Furthermore, ASC therapy showed the most significant results in the orthopaedics field and in neurology, dermatology, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, and hepatology, which elevates the possibilities of ASC therapy to a whole new level. Therefore, this review article aims to raise awareness of the importance of research on cellular components, within abundant and easily accessible adipose tissue, in the direction of regenerative therapy in canines, considering the positive outcomes so far. Although the focus is on the positive aspects of cellular therapy in canines, the researchers should not forget the importance of identifying the potential negative aspects within published and upcoming research. Safe and standardized treatment represents a fundamental prerequisite for positively impacting the lives of canine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Prišlin
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Dunja Vlahović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.V.); (P.K.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Petar Kostešić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.V.); (P.K.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Ivana Ljolje
- Veterinary Clinic for Small Animals Buba, Dore Pfanove 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dragan Brnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Nenad Turk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.V.); (P.K.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Ivana Lojkić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Valentina Kunić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Tugomir Karadjole
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.V.); (P.K.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Nina Krešić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Uberti B, Plaza A, Henríquez C. Pre-conditioning Strategies for Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Inflammatory Conditions of Livestock Species. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:806069. [PMID: 35372550 PMCID: PMC8974404 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.806069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) therapy has been a cornerstone of regenerative medicine in humans and animals since their identification in 1968. MSCs can interact and modulate the activity of practically all cellular components of the immune response, either through cell-cell contact or paracrine secretion of soluble mediators, which makes them an attractive alternative to conventional therapies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Many of the mechanisms described as necessary for MSCs to modulate the immune/inflammatory response appear to be dependent on the animal species and source. Although there is evidence demonstrating an in vitro immunomodulatory effect of MSCs, there are disparate results between the beneficial effect of MSCs in preclinical models and their actual use in clinical diseases. This discordance might be due to cells' limited survival or impaired function in the inflammatory environment after transplantation. This limited efficacy may be due to several factors, including the small amount of MSCs inoculated, MSC administration late in the course of the disease, low MSC survival rates in vivo, cryopreservation and thawing effects, and impaired MSC potency/biological activity. Multiple physical and chemical pre-conditioning strategies can enhance the survival rate and potency of MSCs; this paper focuses on hypoxic conditions, with inflammatory cytokines, or with different pattern recognition receptor ligands. These different pre-conditioning strategies can modify MSCs metabolism, gene expression, proliferation, and survivability after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Uberti
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Anita Plaza
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudio Henríquez
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Farid MF, S Abouelela Y, Rizk H. Stem cell treatment trials of spinal cord injuries in animals. Auton Neurosci 2022; 238:102932. [PMID: 35016045 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological spinal cord damage that resulted in the loss of temporary or permanent function. However, there are even now no effective therapies for it. So, a new medical promising therapeutic hotspot over the previous decades appeared which was (Stem cell (SC) cure of SCI). Otherwise, animal models are considered in preclinical research as a model for humans to trial a potential new treatment. METHODOLOGY Following articles were saved from different databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Egyptian knowledge bank, Elsevier, Medline, Embase, ProQuest, BMC) on the last two decades, and data were obtained then analyzed. RESULTS This review discusses the type and grading of SCI. As well as different types of stem cells therapy for SCI, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The review focuses on the transplantation pathways, clinical evaluation, and clinical signs of different types of SC on different animal models which are summarized in tables to give an easy to reach. CONCLUSION Pharmacological and physiotherapy have limited regenerative power in comparison with stem cells medication in the treatment of SCI. Among several sources of cell therapies, mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) one is being progressively developed as a trusted important energetic way to repair and regenerate. Finally, a wide-ranged animal models have been condensed that helped in human clinical trial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam F Farid
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Yara S Abouelela
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy Rizk
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Horcharoensuk P, Yang-en S, Narkwichean A, Rungsiwiwut R. Proline-based solution maintains cell viability and stemness of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells after hypothermic storage. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264773. [PMID: 35231072 PMCID: PMC8887718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transportation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under hypothermic conditions in 0.9% normal saline solution (NSS) might increase cell death and alter the stemness of MSCs. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of proline-based solution (PL-BS) on cell viability and the stemness of newly established canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) under hypothermic conditions. Characterized cAD-MSCs were stored in 1, 10, and 100 mM PL-BS or NSS at 4°C for 6, 9, and 12 hours prior to an evaluation. The results demonstrated that storage in 1 mM PL-BS for 6 hours decreased cell apoptosis and proliferation ability, but improved cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential. cAD-MSCs maintained their high expression of CD44 and CD90, but had a low expression of CD34 and MHC class II. Trilineage differentiation ability of cAD-MSCs was not affected by storage in 1 mM PL-BS. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that immunomodulatory genes, including IDO, HGF, PGE-2, and IL-6, were upregulated in cAD-MSCs stored in 1 mM PL-BS. In conclusion, PL-BS can be effectively applied for storing cAD-MSCs under hypothermic conditions. These findings provide a new solution for effective handling of cAD-MSCs which might be promising for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunantha Yang-en
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amarin Narkwichean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Adamič N, Prpar Mihevc S, Blagus R, Kramarič P, Krapež U, Majdič G, Viel L, Hoffman AM, Bienzle D, Vengust M. Effect of intrabronchial administration of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on severe equine asthma. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:23. [PMID: 35063028 PMCID: PMC8777441 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe equine asthma (SEA) is a common chronic respiratory disease and a significant health and well-being problem in horses. Current therapeutic strategies improve pulmonary function and clinical signs in some horses, but in the long-term, return to full athletic function appears to be rare. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and the effect of intrabronchial administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) on pulmonary inflammatory and clinical parameters in horses with SEA. METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial. Twenty adult horses diagnosed with SEA were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10), and treated either with a single intrabronchial application of autologous AD-MSC or oral dexamethasone for three weeks. A targeted clinical examination with determination of clinical score, maximal change in pleural pressure during the breathing cycle, and an endoscopic examination of the airways were performed at baseline and three weeks after treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed cytologically, and IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-17, TNFα and IFNγ mRNA and protein concentrations were measured at baseline and three weeks. The horses were then monitored over one year for recurrence of SEA. A non-inferiority analysis and a linear mixed-effects model were performed to assess differences between treatments. RESULTS The non-inferiority of AD-MSC treatment was not established. However, AD-MSC administration significantly ameliorated the clinical score (P = 0.01), decreased the expression of IL-17 mRNA (P = 0.05) and IL-1β (P ≤ 0.001), IL-4 (P ≤ 0.001), TNFα (P = 0.02) protein levels, and had a positive long-term effect on SEA-associated clinical signs (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Intrabronchial administration of AD-MSC had limited short-term anti-inflammatory effects but improved the clinical signs of SEA at one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neža Adamič
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Rok Blagus
- Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Kramarič
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Krapež
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Majdič
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Laurent Viel
- Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew M Hoffman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Modest Vengust
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Voga M, Majdic G. Articular Cartilage Regeneration in Veterinary Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1401:23-55. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chen CC, Yang SF, Wang IK, Hsieh SY, Yu JX, Wu TL, Huong WJ, Su MH, Yang HL, Chang PC, Teng AC, Chia-Yi C, Liang SL. The Long-Term Efficacy Study of Multiple Allogeneic Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantations Combined With Surgery in Four Dogs With Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221081487. [PMID: 35225026 PMCID: PMC8894939 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221081487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe lumbosacral pain, paraparesis or paraplegia, and urinary incontinence are common but frustrating problems in dogs with lumbosacral spinal cord injury (SCI). The surgical interventions including stabilization and decompression may not restore satisfying neurological functions in severe SCI. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) show benefits in immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, and promotion of axonal growth and remyelination, and also display efficacy in several diseases in veterinary medicine. In this report, four dogs presented with fracture of sacrum vertebrae or fracture of seventh lumbar and lumbosacral displacement after road traffic accidents. The clinical signs include lumbosacral pain (4/4), paraparesis (3/4), paraplegia (1/4), and urinary incontinence (4/4). All dogs were treated by surgical decompression with or without stabilization 1 to 7 weeks after trauma. Allogeneic canine Ad-MSCs (cAd-MSCs) were injected locally on nerve roots through the surgical region in all dogs. One dose of intravenous transplantation and 4 doses of local transplantation were also performed within 8 weeks after the surgery separately. All dogs showed significant neurological improvements with normal ambulatory ability (4/4) and urinary control (3/4) 3 months after the surgery and the first cAd-MSCs transplantation. No side effect was related to multiple cAd-MSCs transplantations during 6 months monitoring in all dogs. In conclusion, multiple cAd-MSCs transplantations could be a recommended treatment combined with surgery in dogs with lumbosacral SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ing-Kae Wang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu
| | - Sing-Ying Hsieh
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu
| | - Jian-Xi Yu
- United Specialists Animal Hospital, Kaohsiung City
| | - Tze-Lien Wu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu
| | - Wan-Jhen Huong
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu
| | - Min-Hao Su
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu
| | | | | | - Ann-Chi Teng
- United Specialists Animal Hospital, Kaohsiung City
| | - Chen Chia-Yi
- United Specialists Animal Hospital, Kaohsiung City
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Arzi B, Webb TL, Koch TG, Volk SW, Betts DH, Watts A, Goodrich L, Kallos MS, Kol A. Cell Therapy in Veterinary Medicine as a Proof-of-Concept for Human Therapies: Perspectives From the North American Veterinary Regenerative Medicine Association. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:779109. [PMID: 34917671 PMCID: PMC8669438 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.779109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the potential to translate scientific discoveries in the area of regenerative therapeutics in veterinary species to novel, effective human therapies has gained interest from the scientific and public domains. Translational research using a One Health approach provides a fundamental link between basic biomedical research and medical clinical practice, with the goal of developing strategies for curing or preventing disease and ameliorating pain and suffering in companion animals and humans alike. Veterinary clinical trials in client-owned companion animals affected with naturally occurring, spontaneous disease can inform human clinical trials and significantly improve their outcomes. Innovative cell therapies are an area of rapid development that can benefit from non-traditional and clinically relevant animal models of disease. This manuscript outlines cell types and therapeutic applications that are currently being investigated in companion animals that are affected by naturally occurring diseases. We further discuss how such investigations impact translational efforts into the human medical field, including a critical evaluation of their benefits and shortcomings. Here, leaders in the field of veterinary regenerative medicine argue that experience gained through the use of cell therapies in companion animals with naturally occurring diseases represent a unique and under-utilized resource that could serve as a critical bridge between laboratory/preclinical models and successful human clinical trials through a One-Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tracy L Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Susan W Volk
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dean H Betts
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ashlee Watts
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Texas A&M University, Killeen, TX, United States
| | - Laurie Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amir Kol
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Stimulation of the Migration and Expansion of Adult Mouse Neural Stem Cells by the FPR2-Specific Peptide WKYMVm. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111248. [PMID: 34833124 PMCID: PMC8622362 DOI: 10.3390/life11111248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into different nervous system cells. Mouse NSCs (mNSCs) are useful tools for studying neurogenesis and the therapeutic applications of neurodegenerative diseases in mammals. Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), expressed in the central nervous system and brain, is involved in the migration and differentiation of murine embryonic-derived NSCs. In this study, we explored the effect of FPR2 activation in adult mNSCs using the synthetic peptide Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met-NH2 (WKYMVm), an agonist of FPR2. After isolation of NSCs from the subventricular zone of the adult mouse brain, they were cultured in two culture systems—neurospheres or adherent monolayers—to demonstrate the expression of NSC markers and phenotypes. Under different conditions, mNSCs differentiated into neurons and glial cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Treatment with WKYMVm stimulated the chemotactic migration of mNSCs. Moreover, WKYMVm-treated mNSCs were found to promote proliferation; this result was confirmed by the expansion of mNSCs in Matrigel and the increase in the number of Ki67-positive cells. Incubation of mNSCs with WKYMVm in a supplement-free medium enhanced the survival rate of the mNSCs. Together, these results suggest that WKYMVm-induced activation of FPR2 stimulates cellular responses in adult NSCs.
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